Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.1
ABSTRACT- Genetic variability studied for eleven characters viz., number of leaves, branches, clusters, pods, pod
length (cm), seed per plant, plant height (cm), 100 seed weight (g), days to flower, maturity and yield per plant (g) in
group of forty two genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) revealed highly significant difference for all the
characters. High heritability not only guideline for breeding improvement must to associated with genetic advance
expressed a wide range of variability for all the traits. Heritability estimated and expected genetic advance were high
for number of leaves (95.46< 97.00), branches (45.85 > 14.00), clusters (89.45< 92.00), pods (92.84< 99.00), pod length
(88.94< 99.00), seeds per plant (92.20> 32.00), plant height (96.41< 106.00), 100 seed weight (99.22> 72.00), days to
flower (94.82 > 32.00), maturity (56.26> 13.00) and yield per plant (80.13 < 140.00) suggesting that these are more
useful traits for varietal improvement programme.
Key-words- French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Genetic Variability, Heritability, Phenotypic coefficient of variation,
Genotypic coefficient of variation
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 4280-6761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
Factors influencing crossability among triticale and wheat and its subsequent ...navdeep singh jamwal
Gene introgression in wheat is not only limited by crossability but also affected by environmental conditions, genotypic differences and necrotic genes. Hence, the present investigation was formulated to determine the influence of genotypic and environmental factors on the crossability of elite triticale and wheat genotypes, screen the effect of necrotic
genes in the F1 hybrids and the relative performance of hybrids towards haploid induction following the Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach. The dry temperate region was observed to be significantly better than sub-humid mid-hills for seed set in intergeneric crosses. Lower rate of crossability (17.49–48.33% and 14.46–36.51%) was found in triticale × wheat crosses at both locations. The hybrids having HPW236 as one of the parent revealed necrosis ranging from the lowest to highest grade. Further, negative influence of the necrotic genes on the haploid induction parameters was apparent due to significant hybrid necrosis symptoms in F1 hybrids. Statistically significant variation in haploid induction parameters was also evident between and within different cross combinations, indicating that haploid induction parameters were profoundly influenced by genotypic specificity.
Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivars throu...AI Publications
Two weeks old rooted cuttings of three commercial hybrid varieties; Triple plus, Temptation and Campairo were grown on cocopit substrate media with five replications on randomized complete block desigh (RCBD) in greenhouse condition at Mendel School Research Farm,Hwacheon. Transplanting was done on June 9, 2013 with spacing of 30 cm between plant and 45 cm between rows. Plants were trained as single stem and harvesting of the fruits were done upto 2.5 meter height. The major objective of this experiment was to evaluate their performance on stem cuttings. On the basis of overall characteristics, Triple plus showed superior performance; early flowering, higher plant uniformity, vigorous plant, higher leaf density, less powdery mildew infection, distinct stem pubescence, earlier fruit set, bigger size of fruits with thicker flesh, higher yield of fruits in tons per hectare and per plant, as compared to other cultivars has been selected and recommended for commercial cultivation through stem cuttings. It was followed by Temptation. Beside this, stem cuttings is an alternative planting materials in all the tested cultivars where apical branches during pruning could be used as alternative planting materials for tomato cultivation.
Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.1
ABSTRACT- Genetic variability studied for eleven characters viz., number of leaves, branches, clusters, pods, pod
length (cm), seed per plant, plant height (cm), 100 seed weight (g), days to flower, maturity and yield per plant (g) in
group of forty two genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) revealed highly significant difference for all the
characters. High heritability not only guideline for breeding improvement must to associated with genetic advance
expressed a wide range of variability for all the traits. Heritability estimated and expected genetic advance were high
for number of leaves (95.46< 97.00), branches (45.85 > 14.00), clusters (89.45< 92.00), pods (92.84< 99.00), pod length
(88.94< 99.00), seeds per plant (92.20> 32.00), plant height (96.41< 106.00), 100 seed weight (99.22> 72.00), days to
flower (94.82 > 32.00), maturity (56.26> 13.00) and yield per plant (80.13 < 140.00) suggesting that these are more
useful traits for varietal improvement programme.
Key-words- French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Genetic Variability, Heritability, Phenotypic coefficient of variation,
Genotypic coefficient of variation
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 4280-6761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
Factors influencing crossability among triticale and wheat and its subsequent ...navdeep singh jamwal
Gene introgression in wheat is not only limited by crossability but also affected by environmental conditions, genotypic differences and necrotic genes. Hence, the present investigation was formulated to determine the influence of genotypic and environmental factors on the crossability of elite triticale and wheat genotypes, screen the effect of necrotic
genes in the F1 hybrids and the relative performance of hybrids towards haploid induction following the Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach. The dry temperate region was observed to be significantly better than sub-humid mid-hills for seed set in intergeneric crosses. Lower rate of crossability (17.49–48.33% and 14.46–36.51%) was found in triticale × wheat crosses at both locations. The hybrids having HPW236 as one of the parent revealed necrosis ranging from the lowest to highest grade. Further, negative influence of the necrotic genes on the haploid induction parameters was apparent due to significant hybrid necrosis symptoms in F1 hybrids. Statistically significant variation in haploid induction parameters was also evident between and within different cross combinations, indicating that haploid induction parameters were profoundly influenced by genotypic specificity.
Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivars throu...AI Publications
Two weeks old rooted cuttings of three commercial hybrid varieties; Triple plus, Temptation and Campairo were grown on cocopit substrate media with five replications on randomized complete block desigh (RCBD) in greenhouse condition at Mendel School Research Farm,Hwacheon. Transplanting was done on June 9, 2013 with spacing of 30 cm between plant and 45 cm between rows. Plants were trained as single stem and harvesting of the fruits were done upto 2.5 meter height. The major objective of this experiment was to evaluate their performance on stem cuttings. On the basis of overall characteristics, Triple plus showed superior performance; early flowering, higher plant uniformity, vigorous plant, higher leaf density, less powdery mildew infection, distinct stem pubescence, earlier fruit set, bigger size of fruits with thicker flesh, higher yield of fruits in tons per hectare and per plant, as compared to other cultivars has been selected and recommended for commercial cultivation through stem cuttings. It was followed by Temptation. Beside this, stem cuttings is an alternative planting materials in all the tested cultivars where apical branches during pruning could be used as alternative planting materials for tomato cultivation.
Vietnam Mushroom Market Growth, Demand and Challenges of the Key Industry Pla...IMARC Group
The Vietnam mushroom market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.52% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/vietnam-mushroom-market
Hotel management involves overseeing all aspects of a hotel's operations to ensure smooth functioning and exceptional guest experiences. This multifaceted role includes tasks such as managing staff, handling reservations, maintaining facilities, overseeing finances, and implementing marketing strategies to attract guests. Effective hotel management requires strong leadership, communication, organizational, and problem-solving skills to navigate the complexities of the hospitality industry and ensure guest satisfaction while maximizing profitability.
Hamdard Laboratories (India), is a Unani pharmaceutical company in India (following the independence of India from Britain, "Hamdard" Unani branches were established in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) and Pakistan). It was established in 1906 by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed in Delhi, and became
a waqf (non-profitable trust) in 1948. It is associated with Hamdard Foundation, a charitable educational trust.
Hamdard' is a compound word derived from Persian, which combines the words 'hum' (used in the sense of 'companion') and 'dard' (meaning 'pain'). 'Hamdard' thus means 'a companion in pain' and 'sympathizer in suffering'.
The goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him.
They had always maintained that working in old, traditional ways would not be entirely fruitful. A broader outlook was essential for a continued and meaningful existence. their effective team at Hamdard helped the system gain its pride of place and thus they made an entry into an expansive world of discovery and research.
Hamdard Laboratories was founded in 1906 in Delhi by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed and Ansarullah Tabani, a Unani practitioner. The name Hamdard means "companion in suffering" in Urdu language.(itself borrowed from Persian) Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed was born in Pilibhit City UP, India in 1883 to Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh. He is said to have learnt the complete Quran Sharif by heart. He also studied the origin of Urdu and Persian languages. Subsequently, he acquired the highest degree in the unani system of medicine.
Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed got in touch with Hakim Zamal Khan, who had a keen interest in herbs and was famous for identifying medicinal plants. Having consulted with his wife, Abdul Majeed set up a herbal shop at Hauz Qazi in Delhi in 1906 and started to produce herbal medicine there. In 1920 the small herbal shop turned into a full-fledged production house.
Hamdard Foundation was created in 1964 to disburse the profits of the company to promote the interests of the society. All the profits of the company go to the foundation.
After Abdul Majeed's death, his son Hakeem Abdul Hameed took over the administration of Hamdard Laboratories at the age of fourteen.
Even with humble beginnings, the goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him. Unfortunately, he passed away quite early but his wife, Rabia Begum, with the support of her son, Hakeem Abdul Hameed, not only kept the institution in existence but also expanded it. As he grew up, Hakeem Abdul Hameed took on all responsibilities. After helping with his younger brother's upbringing and education, he included him in running the institution. Both brothers Hakeem Abdul Hameed and Hakim Mohammed
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
Vietnam Mushroom Market Growth, Demand and Challenges of the Key Industry Pla...IMARC Group
The Vietnam mushroom market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.52% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/vietnam-mushroom-market
Hotel management involves overseeing all aspects of a hotel's operations to ensure smooth functioning and exceptional guest experiences. This multifaceted role includes tasks such as managing staff, handling reservations, maintaining facilities, overseeing finances, and implementing marketing strategies to attract guests. Effective hotel management requires strong leadership, communication, organizational, and problem-solving skills to navigate the complexities of the hospitality industry and ensure guest satisfaction while maximizing profitability.
Hamdard Laboratories (India), is a Unani pharmaceutical company in India (following the independence of India from Britain, "Hamdard" Unani branches were established in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) and Pakistan). It was established in 1906 by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed in Delhi, and became
a waqf (non-profitable trust) in 1948. It is associated with Hamdard Foundation, a charitable educational trust.
Hamdard' is a compound word derived from Persian, which combines the words 'hum' (used in the sense of 'companion') and 'dard' (meaning 'pain'). 'Hamdard' thus means 'a companion in pain' and 'sympathizer in suffering'.
The goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him.
They had always maintained that working in old, traditional ways would not be entirely fruitful. A broader outlook was essential for a continued and meaningful existence. their effective team at Hamdard helped the system gain its pride of place and thus they made an entry into an expansive world of discovery and research.
Hamdard Laboratories was founded in 1906 in Delhi by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed and Ansarullah Tabani, a Unani practitioner. The name Hamdard means "companion in suffering" in Urdu language.(itself borrowed from Persian) Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed was born in Pilibhit City UP, India in 1883 to Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh. He is said to have learnt the complete Quran Sharif by heart. He also studied the origin of Urdu and Persian languages. Subsequently, he acquired the highest degree in the unani system of medicine.
Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed got in touch with Hakim Zamal Khan, who had a keen interest in herbs and was famous for identifying medicinal plants. Having consulted with his wife, Abdul Majeed set up a herbal shop at Hauz Qazi in Delhi in 1906 and started to produce herbal medicine there. In 1920 the small herbal shop turned into a full-fledged production house.
Hamdard Foundation was created in 1964 to disburse the profits of the company to promote the interests of the society. All the profits of the company go to the foundation.
After Abdul Majeed's death, his son Hakeem Abdul Hameed took over the administration of Hamdard Laboratories at the age of fourteen.
Even with humble beginnings, the goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him. Unfortunately, he passed away quite early but his wife, Rabia Begum, with the support of her son, Hakeem Abdul Hameed, not only kept the institution in existence but also expanded it. As he grew up, Hakeem Abdul Hameed took on all responsibilities. After helping with his younger brother's upbringing and education, he included him in running the institution. Both brothers Hakeem Abdul Hameed and Hakim Mohammed
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
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Scope of gene silencing in horticultural crops
1. 1 of 50 13/10/2017 Kuldeep Singh Bhullar (L-2015-A-30-D)1 of 30
Scope of Gene Silencing in
Horticultural Crops
Kuldeep Singh Bhullar
L-2015-A-30-D
2. 2 of 50 13/10/2017 Kuldeep Singh Bhullar (L-2015-A-30-D)
Outline
– Introduction 3
– Types of GS and their mechanisms
– Ribosomal Nucleic Acid Interference( RNAi)
– Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS)
– Implications in horticulture
• Fasten breeding programme
• Nutraceautical properties
• Pest management
• Post-harvest
– Commercial application
– Opinion about the technology
– Conclusions
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Introduction
Gene silencing (GS) is a phenomenon which
describes “switching off” of a gene by a
process other than genetic modification.
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Genomic imprinting
The allele-specific expression of
a gene dependent on its
parent-of-origin
Independently evolved in
flowering plants and
mammals.
Kohler et al 2010
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Paramutation
Kohler et al 2010
− Induced by allele interactions.
− Heritable
− A paramutable allele becomes a
paramutant (paramutated) in
response to a paramutagenic
allele if the two are in
heterozygous condition
− Seems to violate the Mendelian
principle of independent
assortment.
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Transposon silencing
- Form of transcriptional
gene silencing targeting
transposons
- Transposon elements
are the jumping genes
Benjamin 2012
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Transgene silencing
• Transgenes cause the silencing of endogenous plant
genes if they are sufficiently homologous. a
phenomenon known as transgene silencing or co-
suppression.
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Position Effect
• Gene is expression can
depend as much on its
location within the genome
as its primary DNA
sequence.
• Proximity to enhancers and
suppressors outside the
core promoter can affect
gene expression,
• The most dramatic position
effects often involve
epigenetic silencing of
genes placed in proximity
to inactive or
heterochromatic regions of
the genome
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RNA interference
o A mechanism in which double-stranded RNA
triggers suppression of gene activity in a
homology-dependent manner
o Degradation of mRNA or translation inhibition.
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Mechanism
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Requirements of RNAi
Introduction of dsRNA:
Target gene
Homologous dsRNA
Intron containing hairpin RNA (ihpRNA)
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
Conserved RNAi machinery:
• Argonaute (AGO)
• Dicer-like (DCL)
• RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)
Vagner et al 2007
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Asian Citrus Psyilid RNAi Pathway
Clauvis et al 2016
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Virus Induced Gene silencing (VIGS)
o VIGS is the reverse genetics tool for analysis of gene
function
o It is based on the property of plant viruses to trigger a
defense mechanism related to PTGS
o Infection by a recombinant virus carrying a fragment
on a plant target gene will induce homology-dependent
silencing of the endogenous target gene.
18. 18 of 50 13/10/2017 Kuldeep Singh Bhullar (L-2015-A-30-D) Stéphanie et al 2013
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Implications in Horticulture
• Fasten breeding programme
• Enhancement of Nutraceautical
properties
• Pest management
• Post-harvest management
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Reduced generation time of apple seedlings
to within a year by plant virus vector
• Juvenile phase of apple (Malus x domestica)
generally lasts for 5–12 years
• Which is a serious constraint for genetic analysis
and for creating new apple cultivars through cross-
breeding.
• If modification of the genes involved in the
transition from the juvenile phase to the adult
phase can enable apple to complete its life cycle
within 1 year, as seen in herbaceous plants
• A significant enhancement in apple breeding will
be realized.
Noriko et al 2014
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• OE of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T
gene (AtFT)
• Silencing of apple TERMINALFLOWER 1
gene (MdTFL1-1)
• By using Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV)
vector (ALSV-AtFT/MdTFL1)
• To accelerate flowering time and life cycle in
apple seedlings.
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ALSV
vector
Expression
gene
Suppressio
n gene
Flowering
rate (%)
Leaf stage
of first
flowering
No. of
flowers
Growth after first
flowering
ALSV-AtFT* AtFT – 30 7–9 1 Vegetative
ALSV-
MdTFL1†
– MdTFL1-1 10 8–14 Multiple Continuous
flowering
ALSV-
AtFT/MdTF
L1
AtFT MdTFL1-1 >90 7–22 Multiple Continuous
flowering
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(a):infected with ALSV-
AtTSF
(b ,c): ALSV-GtFT1
(d, e , f): ALSV-
AtFT/MdTFL1
(b) and (c) show the same
apple seedling on different
days postinoculation
Yellow arrowheads in (b)
and (c) indicate the same
position of flowering (only
one flower followed by
vegetative growth shoots)
Circles in (f) show
continuous flowering in an
apple seedling infected
with ALSV-AtFT/MdTFL1.
Promotion of flowering in apple seedlings
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(a) 1.5 months postinoculation (mpi), (b) 3 mpi and (c) 7 mpi.
Arrows in (c) show continuous flowering, even after 7 mpi.
Continuous flowering with ALSV-AtFT/MdTFL1
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Fruit production in apple seedlings infected with ALSV-AtFT/MdTFL1.
(a) Fruit on the apple seedling (9 mpi) 5 months after pollination
(b) Seedling (11 mpi) with four fruits 5 months after pollination
(c and d) Ripe fruits on apple seedlings (a) and (b) with viable seeds,
respectively.
(e) Seedlings germinated from seeds in
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Precocious flowering of juvenile citrus
induced by a viral vector (CLBV)
• Target- Arabidopsis thaliana or Citrus FLOWERING
LOCUS T (FT) genes
• Transition from the vegetative to the reproductive
phase in juvenile citrus plants
• Citrus leaf blotch virus-based vector (clbvINpr-AtFT
clbvINpr-CiFT)
• Flowering startswithin 4–6 months
Karelia et al 2016
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FaMYB1 negatively regulates the
anthocyanin synthesis in strwaberry
Kadomura et al 2015
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• FaMYB1 negatively controls anthocyanin
content
• Down-regulation of FaMYB1 exhints a
significant increase in anthocyanin
content by decrease in the amount of
transcripts of LAR
• Overexpression of FaMYB1 resulted in a
decrease in anthocyanin content
• Overexpression of FaMYB1 also
significantly reduced expression of genes
encoding ANS and FGTs
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Knockdown of ccd4 gene via VIGS Confers
Yellow Coloration in Peach Fruit
Songling et al 2016
35. 35 of 50 13/10/2017 Kuldeep Singh Bhullar (L-2015-A-30-D) Javiera et al 2015
• ccd4 is proposed to be the key factor responsible for
carotenoid degradation in white flesh peaches
• Knocked down the ccd4 gene in the white flesh
peaches (“Akatsuki” and “Manami”)
• There was yellow pigmentation and increased
contents of carotenoids including lutein, ß-carotene,
ß-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin
• which evident that ccd4 is a determinant for
yellow flesh trait of peach.
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Pest Management
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Silencing awd of ACP Disrupts Adult Wing
Dev. and Increases Nymph Mortality
o Target- Abnormal wing disc (awd)
o Transcription of awd is development-dependent
o It is max. level in the last instar (5th)
o Micro-application of dsRNA to 5th instar of nymphs
caused significant nymphal mortality and adult wing-
malformation.
Ibrahim et al 2013
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Micro-application of awd-dsRNA and its effects on ACP wing formation.
El-Shesheny I, Hajeri S, El-Hawary I, Gowda S, Killiny N (2013) Silencing Abnormal Wing Disc Gene of the Asian Citrus
Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Disrupts Adult Wing Development and Increases Nymph Mortality. PLOS ONE 8(5): e65392.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065392
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0065392
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RNAi- Reverse insecticide resistance
o Insecticides are main tool for ACP management
o CYP4 confers insecticide resistande
o RNAi shut down translation of mRNA into enzymes
o It Reverse the insecticide resistance.
o Rendered ACP more susceptible to insecticides.
Elizabeth et al 2017
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Oral delivery of dsRNAs induces mortality in
nymphs and adults of the ACP
• Target: Chitin synthase, Cathepsin D, inhibitor
of apoptosis genes
• Insects were fed with corresponding dsRNA
• Both nymphs and adult ACP exhibited significantly
increased mortality over time compared with that
of the controls.
• Confirmation with qRT-PCR was also done for
dsRNA-mediated RNAi effects on target mRNAs.
• So RNAi can be a powerful tool for HLB control.
Diogo et al 2017
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Post harvest
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PrupeSEP1 regulation during ripening and
softening in peach
Jinjin et al 2017
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Phenotypes a) TRV2 control b) TRV2-SEP1
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Non Browning apple-Arctic apple
• Browning is mediated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO)
• PPO can take a variety of chemical precursors
(such as catechol or 4-metholcatechol in apples)
and convert them to other compounds
• The consumers don’t prefer if it is not perfect
Andrew 2015
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NON-BROWNING POTATOES – INNATE
• Developed by J. R. Simplot Company.
– Phytophthora infestans
– The presence of high amounts of reducing sugars which cause
brown spots on accumulation
– Enzymatic browning (browning also occurs non-enzymatically
because of the partial degradation of starch into sucrose and
fructose)
– Presence of high level of non-essential free amino acid
asparagine which gets oxidized to form carcinogenic
compound acrylamide upon baking or frying
• Used RNAi to silence 4 different genes
Rebecca 2014
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Opinion about the technology
Positive
1. Specific, efficient, flexible, Stable and long-term silencing
2. Easily target the gene of interest
3. Plant virus vector system can be used to add new traits to
plants without altering the host genome
4. Thus, despite utilization of a genetically modified virus,
technique does not pass genetic modification to the next
generation and will serve as a new plant-breeding
technique
Negative
1. Off-target effects (Yuriy et al 2006)
2. Introduction of long double-stranded external RNA is a
very difficult process
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Conclusions
o RNA interference is a sequence-specific mechanism
o VIGS-Fast, Efficient and Powerful functional
genomics tool.
o Increasing number of gene silenced in various
plants using newly designed VIGS vectors is a
testimony to its usefulness.
o It can be a magical tool for horticultural crops
o Conventional breeding techniques can be employed
in horticulture by using this technique
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THANKS
Editor's Notes
The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring
myelo blastosis1
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
Andrew Z. Fire
Craig C. Mello
Roundworm
RNA silencing mechanisms are conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, possibly due to their importance in viral
resistance and other aspects of cell biology. Here, we explored the Citrus EST (CitEST) database in search of sequences related to the most important known genes involved in RNA silencing. This shows that post-transcriptional gene silencing apparatus is active in citrus. It seems plausible that a better understanding of the players of RNA silencing in Citrus spp.
As VIGS technology relies on virus-host interaction, viral infection may alter defence responses, development and morphology of the silenced plant.
Thus, if disease symptoms associated with viral infection are too severe, they can mask the induced silencing phenotype, and it is therefore preferable to work with a mild strain or better, a symptomless VIGS vector, if available. Consequently, it is important to include a positive control (i.e. plant infected with
an empty VIGS vector) in all VIGS assays to check the effect of viral infection on the silenced plant (Burch-Smith et al. 2004
Molecular mechanism of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) induced by RNA viruses in plants.Abbreviations: AGO, argonaute protein; DCL: dicer-like protein;
DRB: dsRNA-binding protein HEN: Hua enhancer protein
RdRp: RNA dependent RNA polymerase RISC: RNA-induced silencing complex
siRNA: short-interfering RNA ssRNA, single-stranded RNA.
Citrus leaf blotch virus
No alteration of the plant architecture, leaf, flower or fruit morphology in comparison with noninoculated adult plants
The vector did not integrate in or recombine with the plant genome nor was it pollen or vector transmissible, albeit seed transmission at low rate was detected.
The clbvINpr-AtFT is very stable, and flowering was observed over a period of at least 5 years.
Precocious flowering of juvenile citrus plants after vector infection provides a helpful and safe tool to dramatically speed up genetic studies and
breeding programmes.
Flowering of a juvenile C. excelsa (Wester) (Papeda) plant
Triploid hybrid recovered from a hybridization between a tetraploid Fina clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex Tan.) and a diploid tangor hybrid (C. clementina X C. sinensis)
inoculated with the ClbvINpr-AtFT viral vector
same genotype inoculated with the wild-type CLBV virus
Evaluation of Gene Function Related to Fruit Traits
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (ccd4) Gene Controlling Yellow/White Fruit Flesh Color of Peach
Peach flesh color is a monogenic trait with the white phenotype being dominant over the yellow; its expression
has been reported to be determined by a carotenoid degradative enzyme. In the present study, a carotenoid cleavage
dioxygenase (ccd4) gene was analyzed to test whether it can be responsible for the flesh color determinism
ACP break downs the insecticides by the enzymes (encoded by CYP4 genes) and acquires the resistance
This can be achieved by feeding newly emerged Asian citrus psyllids with dsRNA (double stranded RNA) molecules, inhibits expression of the Cyp4
Insect chitin synthases are the main enzymes for the development of the trachea, cuticle and midgut
The enzyme Cathepsin D is a lysosomal aspartic proteinase located in the posterior midgut of hemipterans that is responsible for intracellular and extracellular protein digestion and is involved in metamorphic events in insects
Inhibitor of apoptosis genes been observed to play a role in various processes, such as intracellular signalling, ubiquitination, homeostasis, cellular morphogenesis and cellular division
Using bioinformatic approaches so that they target a unique site in a specific gene
Off-target effects are related to the siRNA itself and most often arise from partial complementarily of the sense or antisense strands to an unintended target
These effects are concentration dependent so reducing siRNA concentrations
The SMARTpool strategy takes advantage of this by ensuring lower concentrations of each individual siRNA while maintaining a higher total concentration of siRNA against the target of interest
We also suggest employing a chemical modification such as ON-TARGET plus to reduce off-target effects from both strands