History in your Hands: Class 3 slides (online version)EilsONeill
These are the presentation slides used in Class 3 of the History in Your Hands project delivered by DCU Library to local secondary school students in December 2023.
WRITING ADVICEPromptIn 6-8 pages develop an argument.docxtroutmanboris
WRITING ADVICE
Prompt
In 6-8 pages develop an argument about the key
factors determining successful presidential
leadership in the modern era (FDR forward).
Your argument should be deeply rooted in the
scholarly literature on the presidency. Develop
your argument in more detail by exploring two
cases where a president attempted to provide
leadership in some way. The cases that you
select should be narrow (e.g. FDR and the
passage of the Social Security Act rather than
FDR and the New Deal).
Prompt (cont.)
You only have a few short pages to discuss each
case and it is better to be an inch wide and a
mile deep than a mile wide and an inch deep. I
think that the easiest way to do this would be to
choose a policy or action widely viewed as a
historical success and another that is widely
viewed as a historical failure (e.g. Truman’s
Marshall Plan and Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia).
However, you do not need to follow this mold.
You could also compare two successes or two
failures.
Prompt (cont.)
In the development of your mini-case studies, you
should draw heavily from the Green Library’s
large collection of newspapers (available online).
For each case, you should be citing from The New
York Times and other online newspaper databases
from the week surrounding the event. This will help
give your cases much more depth. I also
encourage you to find other supplemental
sources like presidential biographies, journal
articles, academic books, primary documents,
and oral histories about the actual event to bolster
What do you need?
A theory of presidential leadership
developed from the scholarly literature
• Two interesting cases that you’ll analyze in
light of that theory
Developing a theory
Look for books and articles about presidential
leadership
• Look for useful references in the “suggested
readings” section of your textbook
• Where do you start? http://library.fiu.edu
• Search books for “presidential leadership” or other
important key terms that you might be interested in
• Sign in from off campus to have access to articles (“Log
in for Access” on the yellow toolbar)
• Go to “Find > A-Z List > G > Google Scholar” to make
your way to Google Scholar from off campus
What about the cases?
Explore the appendix in Greenstein (233-274)
• Read newspapers from the time
• Produce copies or directly transcribe into a Word
document with the information that you will need for
citations and references
• “Blah, blah, blah... Marshall Plan...” (Greg A. Halpriggs,
“The Marshall Plan,” NY Times, March 27th, 1948, Section
A-11, Paragraph 4). Not an actual citation or reference
(just the info you will eventually need)
• Look for scholarly works on the cases in the
same way that you did for your theory
Organization
Write a strong thesis statement that clearly
elaborates your main argument and organizes
your paper:
• Ex. “Ultimately, the paper contends that the failure of
President Nixon’s invasion of Cambod.
History in your Hands: Class 3 slides (online version)EilsONeill
These are the presentation slides used in Class 3 of the History in Your Hands project delivered by DCU Library to local secondary school students in December 2023.
WRITING ADVICEPromptIn 6-8 pages develop an argument.docxtroutmanboris
WRITING ADVICE
Prompt
In 6-8 pages develop an argument about the key
factors determining successful presidential
leadership in the modern era (FDR forward).
Your argument should be deeply rooted in the
scholarly literature on the presidency. Develop
your argument in more detail by exploring two
cases where a president attempted to provide
leadership in some way. The cases that you
select should be narrow (e.g. FDR and the
passage of the Social Security Act rather than
FDR and the New Deal).
Prompt (cont.)
You only have a few short pages to discuss each
case and it is better to be an inch wide and a
mile deep than a mile wide and an inch deep. I
think that the easiest way to do this would be to
choose a policy or action widely viewed as a
historical success and another that is widely
viewed as a historical failure (e.g. Truman’s
Marshall Plan and Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia).
However, you do not need to follow this mold.
You could also compare two successes or two
failures.
Prompt (cont.)
In the development of your mini-case studies, you
should draw heavily from the Green Library’s
large collection of newspapers (available online).
For each case, you should be citing from The New
York Times and other online newspaper databases
from the week surrounding the event. This will help
give your cases much more depth. I also
encourage you to find other supplemental
sources like presidential biographies, journal
articles, academic books, primary documents,
and oral histories about the actual event to bolster
What do you need?
A theory of presidential leadership
developed from the scholarly literature
• Two interesting cases that you’ll analyze in
light of that theory
Developing a theory
Look for books and articles about presidential
leadership
• Look for useful references in the “suggested
readings” section of your textbook
• Where do you start? http://library.fiu.edu
• Search books for “presidential leadership” or other
important key terms that you might be interested in
• Sign in from off campus to have access to articles (“Log
in for Access” on the yellow toolbar)
• Go to “Find > A-Z List > G > Google Scholar” to make
your way to Google Scholar from off campus
What about the cases?
Explore the appendix in Greenstein (233-274)
• Read newspapers from the time
• Produce copies or directly transcribe into a Word
document with the information that you will need for
citations and references
• “Blah, blah, blah... Marshall Plan...” (Greg A. Halpriggs,
“The Marshall Plan,” NY Times, March 27th, 1948, Section
A-11, Paragraph 4). Not an actual citation or reference
(just the info you will eventually need)
• Look for scholarly works on the cases in the
same way that you did for your theory
Organization
Write a strong thesis statement that clearly
elaborates your main argument and organizes
your paper:
• Ex. “Ultimately, the paper contends that the failure of
President Nixon’s invasion of Cambod.
History in Your Hands Class 4 - January 2024 (online version).pptxEilsONeill
These are the presentation slides used in Class 4 of the History in Your Hands project delivered by DCU Library to local secondary school students in January 2024
Planning your dissertation / thesis structureThe Free School
This presentation shows you how to plan the structure of your dissertation or thesis. This presentation is suitable for scholars in the following disciplines : humanities, arts, social sciences, health sciences. This presentation may also aid those in other fields such as music theory, architecture and so on.
Research papers in History For UK.pptxJohn William
Write a Research papers in Manchester plays a pivotal role in expanding our understanding of the United Kingdom's past. By documenting historical events, offering fresh perspectives, and contributing to academic debates, these papers provide a pathway to historical knowledge.
Document Interpretation Tutorial
Document Interpretation: Ultimate Skill of the HistorianPrimary Sources
Primary sources are generally first-hand accounts or records. They may have been written or created during the time period under investigation, or perhaps were written by someone who lived during that time period. Most crucially, they have not been interpreted by anyone else, though they may offer interpretations of the events they describe. Below are four examples of primary sources: a political cartoon, a page of correspondence, the title page of Thomas Paine's Common Sense, and a wartime poster encouraging women workers. As you can imagine, however, there are many more types of primary sources.
Countless items can be used by historians as primary sources. Almost anything you can imagine could be used as a primary source in some type of historical research. A fun exercise to help you understand the immensity of available primary sources is to look around the room you're in and ask yourself, "what would historians view or study one hundred years from now to understand the way we live and what we think today?"
The list below includes only a few of the types of primary sources utilized by historians. How many more can you add to the list?
letters • diaries • autobiographies • plays • novels • short stories • poems
scholarly journals • newspapers • popular magazines
official memoranda • government documents • census data
religious tracts • song lyrics
photographs • cartoons • posters • paintings • murals
films • television shows • performing arts recordings • email • musical recordings
clothing • political campaign signs • pottery • religious icons • tools • furniture
Secondary Sources
Secondary sources analyze, interpret, or comment upon primary sources. A secondary source says something about a primary sources, often illustrating patterns of recurring themes.
Perhaps the best example of a secondary source is your textbook. Open it to any chapter and read a couple of paragraphs and you will find that the authors have conducted extensive research utilizing primary sources. They have likely consulted other secondary sources as well. They have then written those paragraphs to explain what they have learned and how they understand the people and ideas of the past. The authors have interpreted the sources for you.
The list below includes some of the primary sources we’ve already identified accompanies by secondary sources which might, analyze, interpret, or comment upon them.
Primary Source
Secondary Sources
Abraham Lincoln’s personal letters
a biography of Abraham Lincoln
A popular magazine from 1910
an article about print advertising in the early twentieth century
The 1860 U.S. Federal Census
a PowerPoint presentation concerning U.S. population distribution before the Civil War
The lyrics “We Shall Overcome”
a book examining the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s
Grant Woods’ American Gothic
an essay on American art and artists
An episode of I.
AlRabah1
Rashed AlRabah
Susana Marcelo
English 113A
17 November, 2014
AlRabah2
Nicaraguan Civil War
The Nicaraguan civil war was a traumatizing experience both to the Citizens and the international world especially the United States of America. The war reminded people of the previous experience in the 1912 civil war. The war involved the US supported conservatives against the Mexico supported Liberals. Each party was seeking power with one faction agitating for respect to the constitutionality while the other faction is fighting to protect the interest of the United States implemented by the Somoza dynasty. This paper looks at the history or background of the war, the causes well as the aftermath of the war.
The Nicaraguan Civil war was a one-year affair beginning in 1962 and ended in 1927. The war came as a result of e coup d’état by Emiliano Chamorro a member of the Conservative party and former President of Nicaragua. According to the article “Sandino: The Testimony of a Nicaraguan Patriot” by Conrad, Robert Edgar, the author opines that Chamorro’s move was informed by his desire to take control of the nations. Chamorro would later force the then President and Vice president, Carols Solórzano and Juan Sacasa respectively to flee Nicaragua. Additionally, Chamorro got rid of all the Liberals in his government with hope that the United States would support him. However, the US government did not approve of his regime on grounds that he acquired power through the backdoor thus unconstitutional.
I agree with Thomas’ position about the war when he says that the war ensued after the liberals who were yearning for power were enticed with support by the US armed forces. Although the war was started as a result of the coup by Chamorro, (Morris et al, 1986) argues that advent of the war was the hardline stance by the Liberals under the control of Sandino Cesar. He did not subscribe to the leadership influenced by the United States. The Liberals were against the US interference with the local affairs in their country through their continued funding of the Conservative regimes.
This line of thought is supported by another article, "Celebrating the Demise of Solecism: Fifty Recent Sources on the Nicaraguan Revolution," by Booth (1982). The author indicated that the designated Sacasa Bautista supported liberals and the conservatives; Sacasa Diaz did win the voting process or election and was named as head on 1933Jan the 2nd.They add that in the United States, there was growing concern over the situation in Nicaragua. Although the Liberals opposed the invention of the US Marine’s in their political affairs, it is the latter that initiated the peace deal or the Peace of Tipitapa that in turn put an end to the war. It was after both eh Liberals and Conservatives handed in their ammunition of (31 machine guns and 3,704 rifles) and (308 machine guns and 10,445 rifles) respectively. The peace deal allowed Moncada to retain power until the next election.
History 20 Lesson 3.2 Summative AssignmentSpeech to the League o.docxpauline234567
History 20 Lesson 3.2 Summative Assignment
Speech to the League of Nations
For this assignment you will need to take on the role of a delegate that is representing a nation of your choosing in the League of Nations. As a representative in the League of Nations, you are concerned with recent events in the world and you are wanting to see an increased response from the various nations that are members of the League of Nations.
You have the option to choose any of the conflicts from the 1930’s that we have learned about in this unit as the event that is causing your increased concern.
Possible events you could choose are:
· Japan’s invasion of China (The second Sino-Japanese War) - 1937
· Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia - 1935
· Germany’s military build-up - 1935
· Germany’s reoccupation of the Rhineland – 1936
· Spanish Civil War - 1936
· The Anschluss - 1938
· Germany’s occupation of the Sudetenland - 1938
· Germany’s invasion of Czechoslovakia - 1939
Your speech will need:
· An overview of the “current” situation that you are wanting the League of Nations to get involved with
· An acknowledgement of the reasons that are influencing nations not to get involved
· Reasons why you believe it is important for the League of Nations to get involved
· Recommendations on how the League of Nations should increase their involvement in this event
You will need to keep in mind that your speech is to be written as though you are delivering it at the time that the event you are addressing is occurring; so you can make predictions as to what might happen as a result of the event but you cannot present future events as though they are facts to prove that the League of Nations should take action.
Submission of the final product:
You will need to submit your speech on DLCgo. You can submit a written speech of approximately 500- 750 words or you can submit a recording of you delivering the speech. The recording should be around 3 minutes in length. Feel free to do some research of facts and figures that are relevant to the time of your speech, though it is not required. Remember that this should have the feel of a formal speech; so ensure that your introduction addresses the crowd that you are delivering your speech to, introduces yourself as the speaker, gives an overview of your topic and the ideas that you are wanting to convince your audience of. Be creative with this assignment but ensure that you are utilizing historically accurate facts for your evidence.
Speech Rubric
Criterion
Rating
4
Rating
3
Rating
2
Rating
1
Introduction
· Catches audience’s attention in a positive manner
· Establishes credibility of your character as a speaker and politely addresses the audience.
· Clearly identifies topic and presents the audience with the stance you will be taking
· Provides an overview of the main points that you will be basing yo.
History in Your Hands Class 4 - January 2024 (online version).pptxEilsONeill
These are the presentation slides used in Class 4 of the History in Your Hands project delivered by DCU Library to local secondary school students in January 2024
Planning your dissertation / thesis structureThe Free School
This presentation shows you how to plan the structure of your dissertation or thesis. This presentation is suitable for scholars in the following disciplines : humanities, arts, social sciences, health sciences. This presentation may also aid those in other fields such as music theory, architecture and so on.
Research papers in History For UK.pptxJohn William
Write a Research papers in Manchester plays a pivotal role in expanding our understanding of the United Kingdom's past. By documenting historical events, offering fresh perspectives, and contributing to academic debates, these papers provide a pathway to historical knowledge.
Document Interpretation Tutorial
Document Interpretation: Ultimate Skill of the HistorianPrimary Sources
Primary sources are generally first-hand accounts or records. They may have been written or created during the time period under investigation, or perhaps were written by someone who lived during that time period. Most crucially, they have not been interpreted by anyone else, though they may offer interpretations of the events they describe. Below are four examples of primary sources: a political cartoon, a page of correspondence, the title page of Thomas Paine's Common Sense, and a wartime poster encouraging women workers. As you can imagine, however, there are many more types of primary sources.
Countless items can be used by historians as primary sources. Almost anything you can imagine could be used as a primary source in some type of historical research. A fun exercise to help you understand the immensity of available primary sources is to look around the room you're in and ask yourself, "what would historians view or study one hundred years from now to understand the way we live and what we think today?"
The list below includes only a few of the types of primary sources utilized by historians. How many more can you add to the list?
letters • diaries • autobiographies • plays • novels • short stories • poems
scholarly journals • newspapers • popular magazines
official memoranda • government documents • census data
religious tracts • song lyrics
photographs • cartoons • posters • paintings • murals
films • television shows • performing arts recordings • email • musical recordings
clothing • political campaign signs • pottery • religious icons • tools • furniture
Secondary Sources
Secondary sources analyze, interpret, or comment upon primary sources. A secondary source says something about a primary sources, often illustrating patterns of recurring themes.
Perhaps the best example of a secondary source is your textbook. Open it to any chapter and read a couple of paragraphs and you will find that the authors have conducted extensive research utilizing primary sources. They have likely consulted other secondary sources as well. They have then written those paragraphs to explain what they have learned and how they understand the people and ideas of the past. The authors have interpreted the sources for you.
The list below includes some of the primary sources we’ve already identified accompanies by secondary sources which might, analyze, interpret, or comment upon them.
Primary Source
Secondary Sources
Abraham Lincoln’s personal letters
a biography of Abraham Lincoln
A popular magazine from 1910
an article about print advertising in the early twentieth century
The 1860 U.S. Federal Census
a PowerPoint presentation concerning U.S. population distribution before the Civil War
The lyrics “We Shall Overcome”
a book examining the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s
Grant Woods’ American Gothic
an essay on American art and artists
An episode of I.
AlRabah1
Rashed AlRabah
Susana Marcelo
English 113A
17 November, 2014
AlRabah2
Nicaraguan Civil War
The Nicaraguan civil war was a traumatizing experience both to the Citizens and the international world especially the United States of America. The war reminded people of the previous experience in the 1912 civil war. The war involved the US supported conservatives against the Mexico supported Liberals. Each party was seeking power with one faction agitating for respect to the constitutionality while the other faction is fighting to protect the interest of the United States implemented by the Somoza dynasty. This paper looks at the history or background of the war, the causes well as the aftermath of the war.
The Nicaraguan Civil war was a one-year affair beginning in 1962 and ended in 1927. The war came as a result of e coup d’état by Emiliano Chamorro a member of the Conservative party and former President of Nicaragua. According to the article “Sandino: The Testimony of a Nicaraguan Patriot” by Conrad, Robert Edgar, the author opines that Chamorro’s move was informed by his desire to take control of the nations. Chamorro would later force the then President and Vice president, Carols Solórzano and Juan Sacasa respectively to flee Nicaragua. Additionally, Chamorro got rid of all the Liberals in his government with hope that the United States would support him. However, the US government did not approve of his regime on grounds that he acquired power through the backdoor thus unconstitutional.
I agree with Thomas’ position about the war when he says that the war ensued after the liberals who were yearning for power were enticed with support by the US armed forces. Although the war was started as a result of the coup by Chamorro, (Morris et al, 1986) argues that advent of the war was the hardline stance by the Liberals under the control of Sandino Cesar. He did not subscribe to the leadership influenced by the United States. The Liberals were against the US interference with the local affairs in their country through their continued funding of the Conservative regimes.
This line of thought is supported by another article, "Celebrating the Demise of Solecism: Fifty Recent Sources on the Nicaraguan Revolution," by Booth (1982). The author indicated that the designated Sacasa Bautista supported liberals and the conservatives; Sacasa Diaz did win the voting process or election and was named as head on 1933Jan the 2nd.They add that in the United States, there was growing concern over the situation in Nicaragua. Although the Liberals opposed the invention of the US Marine’s in their political affairs, it is the latter that initiated the peace deal or the Peace of Tipitapa that in turn put an end to the war. It was after both eh Liberals and Conservatives handed in their ammunition of (31 machine guns and 3,704 rifles) and (308 machine guns and 10,445 rifles) respectively. The peace deal allowed Moncada to retain power until the next election.
History 20 Lesson 3.2 Summative AssignmentSpeech to the League o.docxpauline234567
History 20 Lesson 3.2 Summative Assignment
Speech to the League of Nations
For this assignment you will need to take on the role of a delegate that is representing a nation of your choosing in the League of Nations. As a representative in the League of Nations, you are concerned with recent events in the world and you are wanting to see an increased response from the various nations that are members of the League of Nations.
You have the option to choose any of the conflicts from the 1930’s that we have learned about in this unit as the event that is causing your increased concern.
Possible events you could choose are:
· Japan’s invasion of China (The second Sino-Japanese War) - 1937
· Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia - 1935
· Germany’s military build-up - 1935
· Germany’s reoccupation of the Rhineland – 1936
· Spanish Civil War - 1936
· The Anschluss - 1938
· Germany’s occupation of the Sudetenland - 1938
· Germany’s invasion of Czechoslovakia - 1939
Your speech will need:
· An overview of the “current” situation that you are wanting the League of Nations to get involved with
· An acknowledgement of the reasons that are influencing nations not to get involved
· Reasons why you believe it is important for the League of Nations to get involved
· Recommendations on how the League of Nations should increase their involvement in this event
You will need to keep in mind that your speech is to be written as though you are delivering it at the time that the event you are addressing is occurring; so you can make predictions as to what might happen as a result of the event but you cannot present future events as though they are facts to prove that the League of Nations should take action.
Submission of the final product:
You will need to submit your speech on DLCgo. You can submit a written speech of approximately 500- 750 words or you can submit a recording of you delivering the speech. The recording should be around 3 minutes in length. Feel free to do some research of facts and figures that are relevant to the time of your speech, though it is not required. Remember that this should have the feel of a formal speech; so ensure that your introduction addresses the crowd that you are delivering your speech to, introduces yourself as the speaker, gives an overview of your topic and the ideas that you are wanting to convince your audience of. Be creative with this assignment but ensure that you are utilizing historically accurate facts for your evidence.
Speech Rubric
Criterion
Rating
4
Rating
3
Rating
2
Rating
1
Introduction
· Catches audience’s attention in a positive manner
· Establishes credibility of your character as a speaker and politely addresses the audience.
· Clearly identifies topic and presents the audience with the stance you will be taking
· Provides an overview of the main points that you will be basing yo.
History in your Hands_ Class 2 slides (online version) (1).pptxEilsONeill
These are the presentation slides used in Class 2 of the History in Your Hands project delivered by DCU Library to local secondary school students in November 2023.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. ● Aiseolas
● Conas do fhoinsí a mheas
● Tuarascáil ar an staidéar taighde
○ Hayley Brabazon, DCU Writing Centre
○ An plean imlíneach
○ Ag roghnú do thionscadal
10. Objectives
UNDERSTAND THE
COMPONENTS OF A
RESEARCH PROJECT
OUTLINE FOR LEAVING
CERTIFICATE HISTORY
DEFINITION &
JUSTIFICATION OF YOUR
RESEARCH
WHAT ARE YOUR AIMS? HOW DO YOU CREATE AN
OUTLINE?
11. The Research
Topic is divided
into four parts:
1. The Outline Plan (15
marks)
2. Evaluation of Sources (25
marks)
3. Extended Essay (50
marks)
4. Review of the [Research]
Process (10 marks)
12. The Outline Plan
(15 marks)
1. Define and justify your
subject
2. Identifies the aims of the
Research Study
3. Indicates the intended
approach
4. Sources to be consulted
}9 marks
6 marks
15. First, your
topic needs:
● A narrow focus
● Avoid key personalities/case studies
● Very clear title – dates, scope for debate,
conclusion where you assess your aims
● Historical significance
○ (4Rs: remarkable, remembered, revealing, resulting in change)
● Knowledge of the historical context
● Run it by your teacher!
16. First, your
topic needs:
● Irish topics - up to end of 1993
● European & international topics - up to end
1992
● At least three sources (2 for ordinary level)
● Unique subject chosen by each student
● Verifiable sources - it has to be something that
has suitable sources (important for marks!)
● Primary AND/OR specialist secondary source
17. The impact of Seán Lester’s
diplomatic career on
international politics 1929-
1937
18. Outline's Main Components (9 marks)
Define & Justify (3 Marks)
Definition:
Definite, distinct, clear,
determine or identify the
essential qualities or
meaning of …
Clearly articulate the
specific angle or
perspective of your
research.
19. The impact of Seán Lester’s
diplomatic career on
international politics 1929-
1937
This is what we want to know!
Clearly state what you're researching. This isn't just the
topic; it's your specific angle or perspective. At the
core of any research project lies its definition. It's the
foundation upon which your entire project will be
built!
20. Define & Justify (3 Marks)
Drawing from the insights in the Seán Lester Diaries
and other key sources, this research will explore the
profound influence of Seán Lester's diplomatic
career on international politics, highlighting his
confrontations with the League of Nations, his
opposition to fascism and anti-Semitism.
21. Define & Justify (3 Marks)
Justification:
Explain the
significance
and rationale
behind your
chosen topic.
Diaries
contain
personal
observations.
The Sean
Lester Diaries
offer a first-
hand
understanding
of European
history in the
interwar
years.
We converse with the absent by
Letters, and with ourselves by
Diaries – Isacc D’Israeli, 1817.
23. Identify Aims (3 marks): Ask yourself specific questions about what you want to discover or
understand your topic better.
The impact of Seán
Lester’s diplomatic
career on international
politics.
Key Diplomatic Contributions:
• Specific treaties, agreements,
or negotiations he was involved
in.
• His role in pivotal conferences
or international assemblies.
Impact on the League of Nations:
• Lester's contributions to the
functioning and principles of the
League.
• His interactions with other major
figures within the League.
Influence on Major
International Events:
• Lester's involvement in or
response to significant world
events, such as the rise of the
Nazi regime.
• His stance on major
geopolitical shifts and conflicts.
International Collaborations:
• Allies and partnerships Lester forged in
his efforts against the Nazi regime's
influence.
• Joint actions, treaties, or agreements
initiated to counter the Nazis.
24. Aims:
The aim of this essay is to explore and understand the key
diplomatic contributions made by Seán Lester, focusing on his
involvement in significant treaties and international
conferences.
It will assess Lester’s role in shaping the League of Nations
and his collaborative efforts with influential global figures of his
time. Additionally, the essay will examine Lester's responses to
the challenges posed by the rise of the Nazi regime, and how
his diplomatic strategies and alliances sought to counter this
threat. Through this investigation, the essay aims to highlight
Lester's impact on international politics and the quest for peace
in the lead-up to World War II.
25. Identify Approach
(3 marks)
• Essentially, how are you going to go
about this research paper?
• State how you intend to research
and complete your Research Study
• Lester diaries
• Secondary reading
• McNamara, P. (2008) Sean Lester, Poland
and the Nazi Takeover of Danzig. Kildare:
Irish Academic Press.
• Prill, F. (1960) ‘Seán Lester: High
Commissioner in Danzig, 1933-1937’,
Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review,
49(195), pp. 261–67. Available at:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/30099228
26. Cite the sources!
Why do we need to
reference our
research?
• Acknowledging Sources: In your history project, citing sources shows
you’ve done your homework and found information from historians and
primary documents.
• Boosting Your Argument: Using citations strengthens your project
because it shows your points are supported by what you’ve learned from
experts or historical records.
• Avoiding Plagiarism: It’s really important to be clear about what’s your
own idea and what you’ve learned from others. Citing helps you do this
and keeps your work original.
• Making Your Work Trustworthy: When you tell people where you got
your facts, they can trust your work more because they see it’s based on
real evidence.
• Building on History: History is all about learning from the past. When
you cite your sources, you’re helping to build a chain of knowledge that
others can follow.
27. Task 1: 15 minutes
● Outline plan from 3 research study reports
● Broken down into these sections:
○ Title
○ Definition and justification
○ Aims
○ Intended approach
○ Sources to be consulted
● We separated out each section and mixed them in together
● Each table works together to match each title to its relevant sections
● Lay each section out under its title in the order shown above
● First group to finish hands up - first correct answer wins a prize
28. Recap of the outline plan
The Outline Plan requires you
to perform a number of
specified tasks:
• Define the proposed subject of study.
• Justify the proposed subject of study.
• Identify the aims of the study.
• Identify the intended approach.
• Identify the sources to be consulted.
• Is the subject I have chosen historically significant?
• Is the focus of my proposed study a narrow one or is it too
broad to allow in-depth investigation?
• Is my proposed title clearly defined?
• Are the aims that I have outlined sufficiently focused on the
subject of my study?
• Are my proposed sources primary or specialist secondary
(i.e. not a standard school textbook)?
• Have I explained clearly how I intend carrying out my
research?
• Have I given enough information to establish the authenticity
of my sources and/or the evidence drawn from them?
29. Let’s put it all
together:
The impact of Seán Lester’s diplomatic career on international politics.
Define and justify
This Leaving Cert history research project will investigate the impact of Seán Lester's career in diplomacy on
international politics. The project will use the Seán Lester Diaries as a primary source to examine his challenges within
the League of Nations and his opposition to fascism and anti-Semitism. It will examine Lester's role in important
international treaties and conferences and how he worked with other leaders to shape the League of Nations.
Aims
The project will also explore Lester's response to the rise of the Nazi regime, studying his diplomatic methods and the
alliances he built to confront this threat. The aim is to highlight Lester's efforts in promoting peace before the outbreak of
World War II. The sources used in this research project are Lester's diaries to get a personal perspective and secondary
sources for additional context and expert analysis.
Intended approach
I’d like to use a combination of primary sources and specialist secondary sources. I will access digitised copies of Seán
Lester’s diaries that are available online and I will search for other secondary sources in my local public library. I’d like to
use the diaries as a primary source as well as sources written after 1959 that examine Seán Lester’s career. If I locate
more than three sources, l will consult my teacher about which sources to focus on.
Sources to be consulted
Sources: (1) Lester, S. (2023) Europeana: Seán Lester Diaries 1888-1959. Available at
https://www.europeana.eu/en/search?page=1&view=grid&query=sean%20lester (Accessed: 4 December 2023). (2)
McNamara, P. (2008) Sean Lester, Poland and the Nazi Takeover of Danzig. Kildare: Irish Academic Press.
Prill, F. (1960) ‘Seán Lester: High Commissioner in Danzig, 1933-1937’, Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, 49(195), pp.
261–67. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30099228
32. Section Description
Intro (10% of word
count) BROAD → SPECIFIC
Topic 1 Sub-point 1 Sub-point 2 Sub-point 3
Topic 2 Sub-point 1 Sub-point 2 Sub-point 3
Topic 3 Sub-point 1 Sub-point 2 Sub-point 3
Conclusion (10% of
word count) SPECIFIC → BROAD → POSE A QUESTION
33. Sample
essay plan:
Introduce who Seán Lester was.
Mention his work with the League of Nations and his fight against fascism.
State the main point: Seán Lester played a key role in international politics before World
War II.
Outline what the essay will cover.
Introduction
Give a short history of Lester's life and career.
Describe the world situation when Lester was working.
Explain what the League of Nations was and why it was important.
Background
Talk about what Lester did at the League, using examples from his diaries.
Mention any arguments he had there and who with.
Lester at the
League of
Nations
Show Lester’s actions against fascism and anti-Semitism.
Include examples and what other history books say about this.
Fighting
Fascism and
Anti-Semitism
Look at how Lester reacted to the Nazis coming to power.
Discuss the friends he made and why they were important.
Strategies and
Alliances
Discuss how Lester’s work affected world politics.
Think about how his actions helped shape events leading up to World War II.
Lester's
Lasting
Influence
Sum up the main points.
Restate how Lester’s work was important.
Conclusion
34. Task 2
● Fill in the ‘potential research topic’ sheet
● Write down some potential history topics/subjects
● Which one interests you most and why
● What would you like to find out about this topic?
● Suggest a potential research title
● Talk about what you’ve written in pairs (or threes if at a table of 3)
● Tell us about the OTHER person’s potential title
35. For the next class…
• Pick a research topic title (check your topic with your
teacher)
• Identify 3 potential sources
• Start creating an outline plan
• Use sheets provided
In Class 4:
- How to write your extended essay
- Review of the research process
- How to reference your sources
37. IMAGE CREDITS:
Slide 2: Canva image: Male and Female Hands Holding a Smiley Face on Paper by
Gajus
Slide 3: Canva image: Question mark on paper bubbles, top view by 9dreamstudio from
Getty Images
Slide 11: Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt colourful pile of
books
Slide 12: Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt rows of pens
Slide 13: Canva image: 3D Copy Writing Icon by Slab Design Studio
Slide 15: Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt lightbulb over a
persons head
38. IMAGE CREDITS:
Slide 16: Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt researching
history
Slide 17: Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt researching
history
Slide 21: Image from BBC.Com, 13 October 2013
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24487511
Slide 22: Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt writing in a
diary
Slide 26: Image generated using Microsoft PowerPoint designer
Slide 27: Image generated using ChatGPT Dall-E 3 from the prompt researching
the league of nations
