3. EPISCERITIS
• Inflammatory condition affecting the
episcleral tissue that lies between the
conjunctiva and the sclera.
• Mild, self-limiting, recurrent disease.
• Most cases are idiopathic
• 1/3 = underlying systemic condition.
8. SCLERITIS
• Scleritis is a chronic, painful, and
potentially blinding inflammatory
disease that is characterized by edema
and cellular infiltration of the scleral and
episcleral tissues.
10. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
• Pain
• Tearing or photophobia
• Tenderness
• Decreased visual acuity
• Primary sign is redness
11. • Pain is the most common symptom
• The following pain descriptions are
characteristic of scleritis:
– Severe, penetrating pain that radiates to
the forehead, brow, jaw, or sinuses
– Awakens the patient during the night
– Exacerbated by touch; extremely tender
– Only temporarily relieved by analgesics
12. • Past medical and ocular histories
(To elucidate systemic diseases, trauma,
infections,drugs, or surgical
procedures)
• Past and present therapies and
responses to these interventions should
be investigated
18. Scleromalacia perforans
• Seen in women with
longstanding
rheumatoid arthritis
• Yellow scleral
necrotic plaques
• Scleral thinning
• Exposure of
underlying uvea
