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The document discusses early scientists who contributed ideas about evolution, including James Hutton who believed the Earth was very old, Thomas Malthus who predicted food and space limitations for humanity, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck who was the first to propose that organisms change over time through inheritable traits, and Charles Lyell who explained current geological processes shaped the Earth. These scientists' discoveries provided evidence for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was an early 19th century French naturalist who developed one of the first coherent theories of evolution. He believed that species evolved over time in response to environmental changes and could pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring. While his ideas were mocked in his lifetime, Lamarck laid important groundwork for Darwin's later theory of natural selection by recognizing the transformative role of the environment in evolution.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) was a French naturalist who developed one of the first coherent theories of evolution. He believed that species evolved over time in response to environmental changes and could pass on acquired traits to their offspring. While his ideas were mocked in his lifetime, Lamarck was the first to propose evolutionary mechanisms and his work influenced later scientists like Darwin.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) was a French biologist who proposed one of the first theories of evolution called Lamarckism. Lamarckism stated that species evolve through the inheritance of acquired characteristics in response to their environment over generations. Lamarck disagreed with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Charles Lyell (1797-1875) was a Scottish geologist whose theory of uniformitarianism proposed that the Earth changes slowly over immense periods of time by natural processes like erosion and volcanoes. Lyell's study of rock layers provided evidence that the Earth's features evolved gradually over long time scales. Both Lamarck and Lyell made important
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) was a French naturalist who developed one of the first coherent theories of evolution. He believed that species evolved over time in response to environmental changes and could pass on acquired traits to their offspring. While his ideas were mocked in his lifetime, Lamarck was the first to propose evolutionary mechanisms and his work influenced later scientists like Darwin.
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()A) What is the Scala Naturae who advanced this concept an.pdf
(???)
A) What is the \'Scala Naturae\' who advanced this concept and why was it so widely accepted?
B) Who are these people did we talk about them? How are their ideas relevant to a conversation
a and why evolution? Malthus, Linneaus, Hutton, Lyell, cuvier, Lamarck, Aristotle, Darwin,
Mendel, Wallace
C) What did Lamarck propose as an explanation for how organisms change over time? Explain
how Lamarck\'s ideas are not supported by evidence?
Solution
A).The Scala naturae (Latin: the \'ladder of being\') is a concept where all the inanimate and the
animate beings are arranged in a linear order or single continuum. It is a continuous hierarchy
beginning with inanimate minerals, precious stones, metals, fossils (entity between the mineral
and the living), plants, domesticated animals, wild animals, humans (commoners, nobles,
princes, kings), celestial beings (demons, angels) and ultimately, God. Also known as \'the Great
Chain of Being\' in the Medivial period, this concept was given by Aristotle, in his \'Historia
animalium\'. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), the great Greek philosopher gave the first detailed
classification of living things as blooded vertebrates and bloodless invertebrates. The concept of
Scala naturae, was also propagated by Plato, Plotinus, and Proclus.It was widely accepted and
developed during the Middle Ages, and attained its glory in early modern Neoplatonism.
The Scala Naturae is a strict, religious and philosophical view of nature, arranged as a ladder or
hierarchy, moving up from inorganic objects to plants, through “lower” animals, to vertebrates
then to “higher” animals such as mammals, monkeys and apes, and finally humans. Darwin’s
\'theory of evolution\' conclusively proved that instead of a ladder, all life is connected through
branching evolutionary relationships or phylogeny. This phylogenetic scale, establishes a
hierarchical system where in the higher beings were more evolutionarily advanced than the lower
beings.
B).
Malthus published the Essay on the Principle of Population in 1798. He concluded that when the
human population grew more rapidly than available resources, natural disasters like war and
famine were inevitable .
James Hutton, 18th century Scottish Geologist, proposed that the earth\'s geological features
were formed by slow natural processes.
Carolous Linnaeus (1707-1778), Swedish botanist developed the binomial system or taxonomy
of naming organisms according to their genera and species. In contrast to the linear hierarchy of
Scala Naturae, the similar species are grouped into same categories. He observed that the
resemblance among species arise due to the pattern of creation rather than the evolutionary
relation.
George Cuvier, the French scientist, was the first to document extinctions of ancient animals like
dinosaurs and is internationally accepted as expert on the topic. He advocated the theory of
catastrophism, where violent and sudden natural catastrophes like great floods lead to the
formation .
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Intellectual history of evolution from Greek philosophers to catastrophists of medieval times to the Darwinist Revolution to the history of genetics
Charles Darwin: The Galapagos Finches and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theory
Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution by natural selection after observing finches during his voyage on the HMS Beagle and reading Thomas Malthus' work on population growth. Darwin noticed that there was variation among finches and that some variations would help individuals survive and pass traits to offspring more successfully. This led him to propose that evolution occurs through natural selection preserving favorable traits.
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Hutton and Lyell discovered that geological forces shaped the Earth over extremely long periods of time and that geological features are changing over time, which could mean that life changes as well. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck hypothesized that organisms have an innate tendency toward perfection and can alter their organs through use or disuse, passing these acquired traits to offspring. Thomas Malthus' idea was that unchecked human population growth would lead to insufficient resources, so only species that can fit their environment can survive.
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The document discusses how scientific theories change and evolve over time as new evidence is discovered. It provides examples of theories such as plate tectonics, atomic theory, cell theory, and biological classification that were initially proposed but lacked evidence and later gained widespread acceptance when new technologies allowed for stronger evidence. The key point is that science is a process of developing better explanations through ongoing experimentation, observation, and reevaluation in light of new evidence.
How science changes
The document discusses how scientific theories change and evolve over time as new evidence is discovered. It provides examples of how the theories of plate tectonics, the atom, and the cell have changed in response to improvements in technology and new evidence that did not fit with existing explanations. The document emphasizes that science is an ongoing process of developing better explanations for natural phenomena and that our current explanations may continue to change as scientific knowledge evolves.
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Theories of Evolution
Lamarck and Darwin proposed early theories of evolution. Lamarck suggested that organisms' traits could change during life due to use or disuse, and offspring would inherit these acquired traits, allowing evolution. Darwin later theorized that natural selection drives evolution, where offspring vary, and traits making some better able to survive and reproduce will become more common over generations as less adapted traits die out.
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Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was the first evolutionist to believe that organisms change over time through his three theories: the Theory of Need, the Theory of Use and Disuse, and the Theory of Acquired Characteristics. He believed giraffes developed longer necks to reach tall trees and passed these traits to offspring. However, Charles Darwin later suggested natural selection as the mechanism of evolution, where traits that aid survival, like longer giraffe necks, are selected for and passed on, while less fit traits die out. Darwin observed variations in beak structures among Galapagos finches related to food availability.
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Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of scientific classification of organisms that is still used today. His system was based on grouping organisms with similar structures together. He also established binomial nomenclature, the two-word scientific naming system where the first word is the genus and the second describes a distinguishing feature of the species. Modern classification builds on Linnaeus' work by also considering fossils, genetics, and development to classify organisms into a hierarchical grouping from species to kingdom.
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This document provides an introduction to evolution and natural selection. It explains that evolution is a change in allele frequencies over time, driven by genetic variation, environmental changes, and the struggle for existence. Natural selection leads to traits that aid survival and reproduction being passed on, potentially resulting in new species. While organisms cannot mutate fully formed body parts, small mutations over thousands of years can lead to new structures. Various events like natural selection, genetic drift, migration and geographic isolation can promote evolutionary changes in populations.
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Scientists divide living things into four kingdoms based on shared features:
1) Animal kingdom includes species that cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms.
2) Plant kingdom includes organisms that can perform photosynthesis and have cell walls made of cellulose.
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This document discusses evidence for evolution including:
- Darwin noticed organisms adapt to environments and populations vary in traits. Lamarck incorrectly thought acquired traits could be inherited.
- Evidence includes fossil records, comparative anatomy, biogeography, carbon dating and genetics showing connections between living things and their adaptation over time.
- Comparative anatomy reveals homologous and vestigial structures provide evidence of common ancestry while analogous structures evolved for similar functions.
Lamracks hypothesis
Lamarck proposed two hypotheses: 1) that organs strengthened through frequent use and weakened through disuse, known as the law of use and disuse, and 2) that characteristics acquired by organisms during their lifetime to adapt could be inherited by their offspring. For example, as giraffes stretched their necks to reach higher tree branches, their stretched bodies would then be passed on genetically to subsequent generations, leading to the long necks of modern giraffes. Lamarck made significant early contributions to classifying invertebrate organisms as a founding professor at the Museum of Natural History in Paris in the late 18th century.
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Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection based on observations and evidence collected during his voyage on the HMS Beagle from 1831-1836. He noticed that species varied between geographic locations and that fossils showed ancient species were different than modern ones. He hypothesized that species change over generations through natural selection, where individuals better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits.
Allometry
The study of allometry examines how the proportions of different parts of an organism change as the organism grows in size. As body size increases from mice to elephants, hearts generally beat more slowly, brains get larger, bones get shorter and thinner proportionally, and lifespans lengthen. Allometric equations take the form of Y = aMb, where Y is a biological variable, M is a measure of body size, and b is a scaling exponent. Common examples of allometry include surface area scaling with body mass to the power of 2/3 and metabolic rate scaling with body mass to the power of 3/4.
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- How organisms are classified into a hierarchical system of kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species based on their shared characteristics.
- How evolutionary theory influences modern classification by grouping organisms with similar evolutionary histories more closely together based on comparisons of body structures, development, and cellular makeup.
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()A) What is the Scala Naturae who advanced this concept an.pdf
(???)
A) What is the \'Scala Naturae\' who advanced this concept and why was it so widely accepted?
B) Who are these people did we talk about them? How are their ideas relevant to a conversation
a and why evolution? Malthus, Linneaus, Hutton, Lyell, cuvier, Lamarck, Aristotle, Darwin,
Mendel, Wallace
C) What did Lamarck propose as an explanation for how organisms change over time? Explain
how Lamarck\'s ideas are not supported by evidence?
Solution
A).The Scala naturae (Latin: the \'ladder of being\') is a concept where all the inanimate and the
animate beings are arranged in a linear order or single continuum. It is a continuous hierarchy
beginning with inanimate minerals, precious stones, metals, fossils (entity between the mineral
and the living), plants, domesticated animals, wild animals, humans (commoners, nobles,
princes, kings), celestial beings (demons, angels) and ultimately, God. Also known as \'the Great
Chain of Being\' in the Medivial period, this concept was given by Aristotle, in his \'Historia
animalium\'. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), the great Greek philosopher gave the first detailed
classification of living things as blooded vertebrates and bloodless invertebrates. The concept of
Scala naturae, was also propagated by Plato, Plotinus, and Proclus.It was widely accepted and
developed during the Middle Ages, and attained its glory in early modern Neoplatonism.
The Scala Naturae is a strict, religious and philosophical view of nature, arranged as a ladder or
hierarchy, moving up from inorganic objects to plants, through “lower” animals, to vertebrates
then to “higher” animals such as mammals, monkeys and apes, and finally humans. Darwin’s
\'theory of evolution\' conclusively proved that instead of a ladder, all life is connected through
branching evolutionary relationships or phylogeny. This phylogenetic scale, establishes a
hierarchical system where in the higher beings were more evolutionarily advanced than the lower
beings.
B).
Malthus published the Essay on the Principle of Population in 1798. He concluded that when the
human population grew more rapidly than available resources, natural disasters like war and
famine were inevitable .
James Hutton, 18th century Scottish Geologist, proposed that the earth\'s geological features
were formed by slow natural processes.
Carolous Linnaeus (1707-1778), Swedish botanist developed the binomial system or taxonomy
of naming organisms according to their genera and species. In contrast to the linear hierarchy of
Scala Naturae, the similar species are grouped into same categories. He observed that the
resemblance among species arise due to the pattern of creation rather than the evolutionary
relation.
George Cuvier, the French scientist, was the first to document extinctions of ancient animals like
dinosaurs and is internationally accepted as expert on the topic. He advocated the theory of
catastrophism, where violent and sudden natural catastrophes like great floods lead to the
formation .
History of Evolution
Intellectual history of evolution from Greek philosophers to catastrophists of medieval times to the Darwinist Revolution to the history of genetics
Charles Darwin: The Galapagos Finches and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theory
Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution by natural selection after observing finches during his voyage on the HMS Beagle and reading Thomas Malthus' work on population growth. Darwin noticed that there was variation among finches and that some variations would help individuals survive and pass traits to offspring more successfully. This led him to propose that evolution occurs through natural selection preserving favorable traits.
Bio11 Ms.Chan KunkkaCory
Hutton and Lyell discovered that geological forces shaped the Earth over extremely long periods of time and that geological features are changing over time, which could mean that life changes as well. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck hypothesized that organisms have an innate tendency toward perfection and can alter their organs through use or disuse, passing these acquired traits to offspring. Thomas Malthus' idea was that unchecked human population growth would lead to insufficient resources, so only species that can fit their environment can survive.
How science changes
The document discusses how scientific theories change and evolve over time as new evidence is discovered. It provides examples of theories such as plate tectonics, atomic theory, cell theory, and biological classification that were initially proposed but lacked evidence and later gained widespread acceptance when new technologies allowed for stronger evidence. The key point is that science is a process of developing better explanations through ongoing experimentation, observation, and reevaluation in light of new evidence.
How science changes
The document discusses how scientific theories change and evolve over time as new evidence is discovered. It provides examples of how the theories of plate tectonics, the atom, and the cell have changed in response to improvements in technology and new evidence that did not fit with existing explanations. The document emphasizes that science is an ongoing process of developing better explanations for natural phenomena and that our current explanations may continue to change as scientific knowledge evolves.
How science changes
The document discusses how scientific theories change and evolve over time as new evidence is discovered. It provides examples of how the theories of plate tectonics, the atom, and the cell have changed in response to improvements in technology and new evidence that did not fit with existing explanations. The document emphasizes that science is an ongoing process of developing better explanations and that our current explanations may continue to change as scientific knowledge evolves.
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Scientific theories change over time as new evidence is discovered. For example, plate tectonics was not widely accepted until the 1960s when technology allowed scientists to map the ocean floor and find evidence of sea floor spreading. Similarly, the atomic model has changed from early particle-based theories to incorporate wave mechanics and modern understandings of atomic structure. The cell theory also evolved as microscopy advanced and allowed scientists to directly observe cells. As our tools and evidence improve, scientific explanations are refined and sometimes replaced, demonstrating how science advances our understanding through ongoing exploration.
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Hutton and Lyell helped scientists recognize that geological changes occur gradually over millions of years through the same processes that are active today. Lamarck proposed that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring through the selective use or disuse of organs. This could lead to changes in a species over time. Malthus theorized that unchecked human population growth would eventually outpace food production and living space, leading to insufficient resources for all.
GenBio - FLORIN & CUSTODIO (1).pptx
Carolus Linnaeus developed the hierarchical system for classifying organisms that is still used today, assigning each a binomial Latin name. Thomas Malthus argued that populations can grow faster than resources. Charles Lyell collected evidence supporting James Hutton's theory of gradual geological change and influenced Darwin's work. Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants established the laws of heredity and supported Darwin's theory of natural selection. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and Charles Darwin both proposed theories of evolution, though Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection through variation and heredity became widely accepted.
Evolution
- Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection in 1859 after observing species variation on the Galapagos Islands. His theory built upon earlier ideas from scientists like Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Thomas Malthus.
- Evolution occurs as inherited traits increase the chances of survival and reproduction in an organism's environment through natural selection and adaptation over many generations. The fossil record provides evidence of how species have changed over time.
- The earliest life on Earth was microbial and existed in the oceans around 3.8 billion years ago. Oxygen levels increased around 2.2 billion years ago allowing complex eukaryotic cells and later multi-cellular organisms to evolve. Major extinction events punctuated this pattern
How science changes
Scientific theories change as new evidence is discovered. Alfred Wegener first proposed continental drift in 1915 but it was not widely accepted until the 1960s when technology allowed mapping of the ocean floor and discovery of magnetic stripes on the sea floor, providing strong evidence that the continents were once joined as part of a supercontinent called Pangea. In general, as technology improves it provides new ways for scientists to experiment, make observations, and collect data, which can lead to revisions or replacements of existing theories to better explain new findings. The history of science shows that while ideas evolve incrementally over time, major changes in scientific explanations also occur when compelling new evidence is presented.
2 - Una breve historia de la sostenibilidad.pdf
The document provides a history of sustainability from ancient times to the modern environmental movement. It discusses how early thinkers like Malthus, Thoreau, and Marsh questioned beliefs around unlimited growth. The science of ecology developed in the 20th century and viewed nature as interconnected systems rather than isolated resources. The environmental movement emerged in the 1960s-70s sparked by books like Silent Spring and events like the first Earth Day. New laws in the 1970s protected the environment and addressed issues like hazardous waste sites.
History of evolutionary thought
This document provides an overview of the history and development of evolutionary thought from ancient Greek philosophers to modern genetics. It describes key figures like Darwin who proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution, and Mendel who discovered the basic principles of heredity. Later scientists like Watson and Crick determined DNA is the genetic material and carrier of hereditary information between generations.
Lecture 2 History and Evidence F2016.ppt
This document provides a historical overview of ideas about evolution from ancient philosophers through Charles Darwin. It discusses early concepts of a "scale of nature" from Plato and Aristotle. It then covers the development of taxonomy by Linnaeus, early ideas about deep time and an ancient Earth from Buffon and Hutton. Lamarck proposed one of the first theories of evolution through the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin's voyage on the Beagle influenced his development of the theory of evolution by natural selection, which he published along with evidence from biogeography, fossils, and selective breeding. The document also discusses evidence and mechanisms of evolution such as variation, inheritance, competition, and gradual change over generations.
Lecture 2 History and Evidence F2016.ppt
This document provides a historical overview of ideas about evolution from ancient philosophers through Charles Darwin. It discusses early concepts of a "scale of nature" from Plato and Aristotle. It then covers the development of taxonomy by Linnaeus, early ideas about deep time and gradual change from Buffon and Lamarck's early theory of evolution through acquired characteristics. It discusses evidence from geology, paleontology and biogeography that influenced Darwin. It outlines Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and compares it to Wallace's independent conception. Finally, it reviews evidence supporting evolution such as homology, the fossil record, vestigial structures and molecular biology.
Lecture 2 History and Evidence F2016.ppt
This document provides a historical overview of ideas about evolution from ancient philosophers through Charles Darwin. It discusses early concepts of a "scale of nature" from Plato and Aristotle. It then covers the development of taxonomy by Linnaeus, early ideas about deep time and gradual change from Buffon and Lamarck's early theory of evolution through acquired characteristics. It discusses evidence from geology, paleontology and biogeography that influenced Darwin. It outlines Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and compares it to Wallace's independent conception. Finally, it reviews evidence supporting evolution such as homology, the fossil record, vestigial structures and molecular biology.
Darwin evolution revised with turning point qs
The document provides an overview of evolution and key figures in the development of evolutionary theory. It discusses early ideas on life on Earth from Aristotle and Linnaeus. It then covers contributors to Darwin's thinking like Lyell, Cuvier, Malthus, Lamarck and Wallace. Key events and theories discussed include catastrophism, gradualism, Lyell's uniformitarianism, Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characteristics, and Darwin's voyage on the Beagle leading to his theory of evolution by natural selection.
I EvolutionIf I have seen further it is by standing on th
I: Evolution
If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.
-- Sir Isaac Newton
1
Theories in Science
In the context of scientific inquiry, a theory is:
A conceptual framework supported by a large body of evidence
Broader in scope than a hypothesis. A theory ties information together and leads to specific testable hypotheses
In other words, a theory is a big deal in science, NOT a synonym for guessing
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(This used to be a joke, but I’m not laughing anymore.)
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Historical Overview
What can explain both the unity and diversity of life on Earth?
Organic evolution: genetically based change over time. It acts on individuals in the present, but only manifests in the population over generations.
Natural Selection: mechanism causing the match between organisms and their environment (adaptive evolution = adaptation)
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Traditional views involved unchanging and perfect species inhabiting a young Earth (Old Testament, Linnaeus, etc.)
The emergence of paleontology and geology helped lay the groundwork for Darwin’s contributions
Other areas of research also influenced his thinking, including studies on human population growth
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Fig. 22-2
American Revolution
French Revolution
U.S. Civil War
1900
1850
1800
1750
1795
1809
1798
1830
1831–1836
1837
1859
1837
1844
1858
The Origin of Species is published.
Wallace sends his hypothesis to Darwin.
Darwin begins his notebooks.
Darwin writes essay on descent with modification.
Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle.
Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.”
Lyell publishes Principles of Geology.
Lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution.
Hutton proposes his theory of gradualism.
Linnaeus (classification)
Cuvier (fossils, extinction)
Malthus (population limits)
Lamarck (species can change)
Hutton (gradual geologic change)
Lyell (modern geology)
Darwin (evolution, natural selection)
Wallace (evolution, natural selection)
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Younger stratum
with more recent
fossils
Layers of deposited
sediment
Older stratum
with older fossils
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Several 18th century naturalists (including Erasmus Darwin) suggested life evolves as environments change
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and subsequent inheritance of acquired characteristics
This mechanism is unsupported by evidence (e.g., even if you and your mate lost the same finger, your children would still be born with all ten), but it did refocus subsequent research
Lamarck’s Hypothesis
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The miniature phenotype of Bonsai trees is caused by manipulations of a bonsai master, not genetics. Would the next generation still be stunted if we planted their seeds and allowed them to grow naturally?
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After first studying medicine, then theology at Cambridge, Darwin took an unpaid position as naturalist for a 5-year voyage around the world
During his travels on HMS Beagle, he collected thousa ...
Part AJean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of In.pdf
Part A:
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics, first presented in 1801. Here are some of the basic theories of Lamarckism:
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin\'s book \"On the Origin
of Species\" in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes
in heritable physical or behavioral traits. The main points regarding Darwinism are as follows:
Darwin\'s theory has been supported by a lot of evidence. Hence, it was accepted by the
scientific community during his time. Lamarck\'s Theory of Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics has been disproved. This was done in two major ways. The first is by experiment.
We have seen through many real examples and observations that changes that occur in an animal
during life are not passed on to the animal\'s offspring. If a dog\'s ears are cropped short, its
puppies are still born with long ears. The other way that Lamarck\'s theory has been proven
wrong is the study of genetics. Darwin knew that traits are passed on, but he never understood
how they are passed on. During the time when Darwin\'s first book first came out, Gregor
Mendel, who discovered genetics, was just starting his experiments. These and other examples
show that Lamarck\'s theory does not explain how life formed and became the way it is.
Part B:
(i) Alfred Russel Wallace: He discovered the concept of evolution by natural selection. Although
he is now rarely mentioned as the discoverer (Darwin, who discovered the theory independently,
is usually cited) Wallace enjoyed a very high reputation in his lifetime and was awarded many of
science’s most prestigious awards.Alfred Russel Wallace did not exactly influence Charles
Darwin, but rather was his contemporary and collaborated with Darwin on solidifying his Theory
of Evolution through Natural Selection.The two pooled their data to present the idea jointly to
the Linnaean Society of London.
(ii)Stanley Miller: He was an American chemist who designed the first experiment to produce
organic molecules from some of the inorganic components of the Earth’s prebiotic atmosphere.
Miller’s procedure (which was co-designed by Harold Urey and is known as the Miller-Urey
experiment) contained three key elements: a heated pool of water meant to simulate the primitive
Earth’s ocean; an atmosphere of water vapour, methane, ammonia, and molecular hydrogen; and
storms of “lightning” in the form of continuous electric discharges. After one week, 10–15% of
the system’s carbon was found in organic molecules such as amino acids, the building blocks of
proteins. Miller’s experiment was not only a groundbreaking moment for research into the origin
of life on Earth but also a breakthrough that captured the popular imagination and gave rise to
the term prebiotic soup. Miller\'s experiment was important because it showed that organic
compounds such as amino acids, which are essential to cellular .
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()A) What is the Scala Naturae who advanced this concept an.pdf
()A) What is the Scala Naturae who advanced this concept an.pdf
Charles Darwin: The Galapagos Finches and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theory
Charles Darwin: The Galapagos Finches and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theory
I EvolutionIf I have seen further it is by standing on th
I EvolutionIf I have seen further it is by standing on th
Part AJean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of In.pdf
Part AJean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of In.pdf
Scientists
- 1. Evolution Made by: Joshua Yang
- 2. James Hutton(1785) Hutton thought that earth is very old, not just thousands years old.
- 3. Thomas Malthus (1798) Malthus predicts that the space and the food will not enough to human in the future.
- 4. Jean-BaptisteLarmarck (1809) He is the first man who sad the organisms change over time. Although his ideas are not exactly, he is the first one. Here is Lamarck's three ideas about evaluation: 1:organisms can choose whether they evaluate or not. 2:they can evaluate their body to the shape they want. 3:these evaluation that they have done will be passed tp their offspring.
- 5. Charles Lyell (1833) He explain that processes occurring now have shaped Earth’s geological features.
- 6. Darwin Those scientists’ discoveries become evidences for Darwin’s theory of evolution. Just like Jean-BaptisteLarmarck thought that animals can choose what shape they become helped Darwin propose “natural selection” and “artificial selection”.
- 7. Thank you~~ Joshua Yang