The document outlines the steps of the scientific method and provides an example of a student, John, applying the scientific method to investigate how the amount of sugar affects the rising of bread. John formulates the hypothesis that more sugar will cause bread to rise higher. He carries out two experiments, varying the amount of sugar while keeping other factors constant, collects data on bread size, analyzes the results, and draws a conclusion, demonstrating how to follow the scientific method to solve a problem.
The Metro Man of India, Elattuvalapil Sreedharan was
born on 12 July 1932 in Kerala. Sreedharan was given
the sobriquet of Metro Man by the media. In 2005, he
was awarded the Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur
(Knight of the Legion of Honour) by the government of
France. For him, the job at hand is not just his duty but
also his dharma. He is hardly ever seen in public and
rarely gives interviews or attends public functions, yet
his honesty and integrity are legendary.
Electron Beam Welding is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to the material to be joined. The work-piece melt as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. The EBW process is well-positioned to provide industries with highest quality welds and machine designs that have proven to be adaptable to specific welding tasks and production environments.
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The Metro Man of India, Elattuvalapil Sreedharan was
born on 12 July 1932 in Kerala. Sreedharan was given
the sobriquet of Metro Man by the media. In 2005, he
was awarded the Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur
(Knight of the Legion of Honour) by the government of
France. For him, the job at hand is not just his duty but
also his dharma. He is hardly ever seen in public and
rarely gives interviews or attends public functions, yet
his honesty and integrity are legendary.
Electron Beam Welding is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to the material to be joined. The work-piece melt as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. The EBW process is well-positioned to provide industries with highest quality welds and machine designs that have proven to be adaptable to specific welding tasks and production environments.
Just in time (JIT) is a production strategy that strives to improve a business' return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs. Just in time is a type of operations management approach which originated in Japan in the 1950s. It was adopted by Toyota and other Japanese manufacturing firms, with excellent results: Toyota and other companies that adopted the approach ended up raising productivity (through the elimination of waste) significantly.
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ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
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Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
8. Steps of the
Scientific Method
3. FFoorrmmuullaattee aa HHyyppootthheessiiss:
Predict a possible answer to
the problem or question.
Example: If soil temperatures
rise, then plant growth will
increase.
9. Steps of the
Scientific Method
4. EExxppeerriimmeenntt: Develop and
follow a procedure.
Include a detailed materials list.
The outcome must be
measurable (quantifiable).
10. Steps of the
Scientific Method
5. CCoolllleecctt aanndd AAnnaallyyzzee RReessuullttss:
Modify the procedure if
needed.
Confirm the results by retesting.
Include tables, graphs, and
photographs.
11. Steps of the
Scientific Method
6. CCoonncclluussiioonn: Include a
statement that accepts or
rejects the hypothesis.
Make recommendations for
further study and possible
improvements to the
procedure.
12. Steps of the
Scientific Method
7. CCoommmmuunniiccaattee tthhee RReessuullttss: Be
prepared to present the project
to an audience.
Expect questions from the
audience.
13. TThhiinnkk yyoouu ccaann nnaammee aallll
sseevveenn sstteeppss??
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14. Let’s put our knowledge of the
Scientific Method to a realistic
example that includes some of the
terms you’ll be needing to use and
understand.
15. Problem/Question
John watches his
grandmother bake
bread. He ask his
grandmother what
makes the bread rise.
She explains that yeast
releases a gas as it
feeds on sugar.
17. Caution!
Be careful how you use effect and
affect.
Effect is usually a noun and affect, a
verb.
“ The effect of sugar amounts on the
rising of bread.”
“How does sugar affect the rising of
bread?”
18. Observation/Research
John researches the
areas of baking and
fermentation and tries
to come up with a way
to test his question.
He keeps all of his
information on this
topic in a journal.
19. John talks with his
teacher and she gives
him a Experimental
Design Diagram to
help him set up his
investigation.
20.
21. Formulate a Hypothesis
After talking with his
teacher and
conducting further
research, he comes
up with a hypothesis.
“If more sugar is added,
then the bread will rise
higher.”
22. Hypothesis
The hypothesis is an educated
guess about the relationship
between the independent and
dependent variables.
Note: These variables will be
defined in the next few slides.
24. Independent Variable
The independent, or
manipulated variable, is a factor
that’s intentionally varied by the
experimenter.
John is going to use 25g., 50g.,
100g., 250g., 500g. of sugar in
his experiment.
25. Dependent Variable
The dependent, or responding
variable, is the factor that may
change as a result of changes
made in the independent
variable.
In this case, it would be the size
of the loaf of bread.
26. Experiment
His teacher helps him
come up with a
procedure and list of
needed materials.
She discusses with
John how to
determine the control
group.
27. Control Group
In a scientific experiment, the
control is the group that serves
as the standard of comparison.
The control group may be a “no
treatment" or an “experimenter
selected” group.
28. Control Group
The control group is exposed to
the same conditions as the
experimental group, except for
the variable being tested.
All experiments should have a
control group.
29. Control Group
Because his grandmother
always used 50g. of sugar in
her recipe, John is going to use
that amount in his control
group.
30. Constants
John’s teacher reminds
him to keep all other
factors the same so
that any observed
changes in the bread
can be attributed to
the variation in the
amount of sugar.
31. Constants
The constants in an
experiment are all the
factors that the
experimenter attempts
to keep the same.
33. Constants
They might include:
Other ingredients to the
bread recipe, oven used,
rise time, brand of
ingredients, cooking time,
type of pan used, air
temperature and humidity
where the bread was
rising, oven temperature,
age of the yeast…
34. Experiment
John writes out his
procedure for his
experiment along with
a materials list in his
journal. He has both of
these checked by his
teacher where she
checks for any safety
concerns.
35. Trials
Trials refer to replicate
groups that are exposed
to the same conditions
in an experiment.
John is going to test each
sugar variable 3 times.
36. Collect and Analyze Results
John comes up with
a table he can use
to record his data.
John gets all his
materials together
and carries out his
experiment.
38. Collect and Analyze Results
John examines his
data and notices that
his control worked
the best in this
experiment, but not
significantly better
than 100g. of sugar.
39. Conclusion
John rejects his
hypothesis, but
decides to re-test
using sugar
amounts between
50g. and 100g.
40. Experiment
Once again, John
gathers his materials
and carries out his
experiment.
Here are the results.