The document outlines the science syllabus for class 6 students covering topics like food and its components, fibre to fabric, sorting and separation of materials, changes around us, living organisms and their surroundings, motion and measurement of distances, light, shadows and reflections, electricity and circuits, fun with magnets, and our environment. It provides detailed descriptions of each topic with subtopics and concepts to be covered. The syllabus aims to educate students about various scientific concepts in different domains including biology, physics, and chemistry.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
The Influence of Vermiculite on the Uptake of Silver Nanoparticles in a Terre...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The uptake of silver from silver nanoparticles in soil was investigated in the presence of increasing concentrations of Vermiculite, typical 2:1 clay. Two insect species, Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor, and two plant species, Helianthus annuus and Sorghum vulgare, were exposed to silver nanoparticles in the presence of increasing concentrations of Vermiculite in soil. Silver nanoparticles were characterized using techniques including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and powder X-ray diffraction. The levels of silver in test species exposed to silver nanoparticles were measured using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. An increase in the cation exchange capacity of soil was observed with the increase in the concentration of vermiculite in soil. The results suggested a decrease in the uptake of silver from silver nanoparticles in soil by Acheta domesticus as a function of increasing concentrations of Vermiculite in soil. No apparent trend was observed in the remaining species. Both plant species were found to accumulate silver in their roots. The translocation of silver to stems and leaves was observed in the case of Helianthus annuus. Results from this study suggest that the presence of Vermiculite in soil could possibly decrease the uptake of silver from silver nanoparticles.
A Review on Removal and Recovery of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Domestic Was...paperpublications3
Abstract:Struvite crystallization is a promising method to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater to ease both the scarcity of phosphorus rock resources and water eutrophication worldwide. Wastewater treatment plants, especially those employing secondary treatment and anaerobic sludge digestion, have historically encountered phosphate precipitates, most commonly being Struvite. The growth of uncontrolled Struvite increases pumping and maintenance cost, as well as reduces the overall capacity of the plant piping system. Since domestic wastewater is recognized as nutrient rich water, the recovery of nutrients using a crystallization technique may provide value added product called Struvite, which is a slow releasing fertilizer. Struvite precipitation occurs in an equimolecular concentration of Mg2+, NH4+ and PO43- at slightly alkaline conditions. Addition of a source of Mg is essential to maintain the favorable condition of PO4 and Mg.
Studies on Stomatal Movement in Dolichus biflorus Linn. (Fabaceae)ijtsrd
Usually relative turgor changes which maintain osmotic gradients in the guard cells cause stomatal movements. In many species the dominant participation of K+ in stomatal movements was well established. Organic acids such as malate, citrate, glutamate and aspertate were reported to serve as counter ions of K+ in many species. Both oxidative phosphorylation and photo phosphorylation are potential energy sources. In earlier studies, the functional role of PS II were not clearly understood. Hence the present study is aimed to understand the role of PS II in guard cells of Dolicus biflorus Linn. a Fabaceae member. Influence of PS II electron acceptors and donors such as potassium ferricyanide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, MnCl2, Sodium ascorbate, diphenyl carbazide, ATP, ADP, ATP + MnCl2 and ADP + MnCl2, MnCl2 + NADP and Hydroxylamine hydrochloride + NADP is studied to understand the role of photo system II on stomatal movements. Dr.G.Meerabai | B.Koteswari"Studies on Stomatal Movement in Dolichus biflorus Linn. (Fabaceae)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2528.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/2528/studies-on-stomatal-movement-in--dolichus-biflorus-linn-fabaceae/drgmeerabai-
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
The Influence of Vermiculite on the Uptake of Silver Nanoparticles in a Terre...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The uptake of silver from silver nanoparticles in soil was investigated in the presence of increasing concentrations of Vermiculite, typical 2:1 clay. Two insect species, Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor, and two plant species, Helianthus annuus and Sorghum vulgare, were exposed to silver nanoparticles in the presence of increasing concentrations of Vermiculite in soil. Silver nanoparticles were characterized using techniques including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and powder X-ray diffraction. The levels of silver in test species exposed to silver nanoparticles were measured using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. An increase in the cation exchange capacity of soil was observed with the increase in the concentration of vermiculite in soil. The results suggested a decrease in the uptake of silver from silver nanoparticles in soil by Acheta domesticus as a function of increasing concentrations of Vermiculite in soil. No apparent trend was observed in the remaining species. Both plant species were found to accumulate silver in their roots. The translocation of silver to stems and leaves was observed in the case of Helianthus annuus. Results from this study suggest that the presence of Vermiculite in soil could possibly decrease the uptake of silver from silver nanoparticles.
A Review on Removal and Recovery of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Domestic Was...paperpublications3
Abstract:Struvite crystallization is a promising method to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater to ease both the scarcity of phosphorus rock resources and water eutrophication worldwide. Wastewater treatment plants, especially those employing secondary treatment and anaerobic sludge digestion, have historically encountered phosphate precipitates, most commonly being Struvite. The growth of uncontrolled Struvite increases pumping and maintenance cost, as well as reduces the overall capacity of the plant piping system. Since domestic wastewater is recognized as nutrient rich water, the recovery of nutrients using a crystallization technique may provide value added product called Struvite, which is a slow releasing fertilizer. Struvite precipitation occurs in an equimolecular concentration of Mg2+, NH4+ and PO43- at slightly alkaline conditions. Addition of a source of Mg is essential to maintain the favorable condition of PO4 and Mg.
Studies on Stomatal Movement in Dolichus biflorus Linn. (Fabaceae)ijtsrd
Usually relative turgor changes which maintain osmotic gradients in the guard cells cause stomatal movements. In many species the dominant participation of K+ in stomatal movements was well established. Organic acids such as malate, citrate, glutamate and aspertate were reported to serve as counter ions of K+ in many species. Both oxidative phosphorylation and photo phosphorylation are potential energy sources. In earlier studies, the functional role of PS II were not clearly understood. Hence the present study is aimed to understand the role of PS II in guard cells of Dolicus biflorus Linn. a Fabaceae member. Influence of PS II electron acceptors and donors such as potassium ferricyanide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, MnCl2, Sodium ascorbate, diphenyl carbazide, ATP, ADP, ATP + MnCl2 and ADP + MnCl2, MnCl2 + NADP and Hydroxylamine hydrochloride + NADP is studied to understand the role of photo system II on stomatal movements. Dr.G.Meerabai | B.Koteswari"Studies on Stomatal Movement in Dolichus biflorus Linn. (Fabaceae)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2528.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/2528/studies-on-stomatal-movement-in--dolichus-biflorus-linn-fabaceae/drgmeerabai-
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
pH effects on the adsorption of saxitoxin by powdered activated carbonhbuarque
Increasing occurrence of cyanotoxins in surface waters worldwide pose significant problems, including
those for drinking water utilities. In this study, the removal of saxitoxin (STX) from three different
powdered activated carbons (PACs) was studied. STX is one of the most toxic paralytic shellfish toxins
(PSTs), albeit not the most prevalent. The results showed that a wide range of non-electrostatic and
electrostatic interactions appeared to play a role in the sorption of STX on PAC, depending on the solution
pH, NOM concentration, and other factors. A bituminous coal-based PAC, that was studied in greatest
detail, showed a trend of increasing sorption capacity for STX with increasing pH. NOM appeared to
significantly inhibit adsorption when the pH was nearly neutral (e.g. 7.05), yet it had less effect at higher
pH levels of 8.2 and 10.7.
The Use Of Pistia stratiotes To Remove Some Heavy Metals From Romi Stream: A ...iosrjce
The study involved a laboratory experiment on the use of Pistia stratiotes in the removal of some
heavy metals from a stream polluted by waste water from Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company. Water
sample was collected from Kaduna Refinery effluent point, Romi up and Romi down. The Bioconcentration
(BCF) and Biotranslocation (BTF) Factors of each metal were determined. The experinmental study showed
that Pistia stratiotes is a suitable candidate for effective removal of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Mn, Ag, Pb, Zn) from
Romi stream.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
pH effects on the adsorption of saxitoxin by powdered activated carbonhbuarque
Increasing occurrence of cyanotoxins in surface waters worldwide pose significant problems, including
those for drinking water utilities. In this study, the removal of saxitoxin (STX) from three different
powdered activated carbons (PACs) was studied. STX is one of the most toxic paralytic shellfish toxins
(PSTs), albeit not the most prevalent. The results showed that a wide range of non-electrostatic and
electrostatic interactions appeared to play a role in the sorption of STX on PAC, depending on the solution
pH, NOM concentration, and other factors. A bituminous coal-based PAC, that was studied in greatest
detail, showed a trend of increasing sorption capacity for STX with increasing pH. NOM appeared to
significantly inhibit adsorption when the pH was nearly neutral (e.g. 7.05), yet it had less effect at higher
pH levels of 8.2 and 10.7.
The Use Of Pistia stratiotes To Remove Some Heavy Metals From Romi Stream: A ...iosrjce
The study involved a laboratory experiment on the use of Pistia stratiotes in the removal of some
heavy metals from a stream polluted by waste water from Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company. Water
sample was collected from Kaduna Refinery effluent point, Romi up and Romi down. The Bioconcentration
(BCF) and Biotranslocation (BTF) Factors of each metal were determined. The experinmental study showed
that Pistia stratiotes is a suitable candidate for effective removal of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Mn, Ag, Pb, Zn) from
Romi stream.
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1. Science Syllabus for Olympiads – Class 6
Food and its Components:
1) Food and nutrients
2) Ingredients of food
3) Sources of food
4) Food habits of animals
5) Food chain
6) Components of food: Carbohydrates, fats, minerals, proteins, vitamins, water, roughage.
7) Testing of nutrients
8) Nutrients in some common food items
9) Different types of food:
a) Energy-giving foods
b) Body-building foods
c) Protective foods
10) Balanced diet
11) Deficiency diseases:
a) Deficiency of carbohydrate
b) Deficiency of proteins and fats: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus
c) Deficiency of vitamins and minerals: Scurvy, rickets, anaemia, goiter
Fibre to Fabric:
1) Clothing material-history
2) Kinds of fibre:
i. Natural fibre: Cotton (Ginning, spinning, weaving), Wool, Silk, Jute
ii. Synthetic fibre
3) Properties, manufacture and uses of natural and synthetic fibres
Sorting and Separation of Materials:
1) Matter- its meaning and composition
2) States of Matter: Solids, Liquids and Gases
3) Characteristics of Solids, Liquids and Gases (Shape, texture and Volume)
4) Distinguishing properties of Solids, liquids and Gases
5) Classification of matter
6) Properties of materials: Appearance, lustre, texture, state, solubility in water, Density-
floating and sinking, transparency
7) Mixture and pure substances
8) Mixture (components of more than one substance combine in any proportion, original
properties of the components are retained)
9) Types of mixture: Homogeneous and heterogenous mixture
10) Properties of mixtures
2. 11) Necessity of separation
12) Methods of separation:
a. Separating solids from other solids
i. Threshing and winnowing
ii. Hand-picking
iii. Sieving
b. Separating insoluble solids from liquids
i. Sedimentation and decantation
ii. Filtration
iii. Loading
c. Application of methods of separation-obtaining drinking water
d. Separating soluble solids from liquids
i. Evaporation
ii. Distillation
e. Separating liquids: miscible and immiscible liquids
f. Separation using more than method
13) Solubility
a. Solvent, solute and solution
b. Universal solvent
14) Importance of water as a solvent
15) Effect of temperature on solubility
Changes Around Us:
1) Cause that can bring about changes in Shape, size, position, colour, state, internal
structure
2) Reversible and irreversible changes
3) Physical and chemical changes
4) Changes when different substances are mixed: Example, Reaction between washing
soda and lemon juice
5) Exothermic and endothermic reaction
6) Other types of changes: Fast, slow, periodic and non-periodic changes
Living Organisms and their Surroundings:
1) Biotic components and their interactions:
a. Producers
b. Consumers
c. Decomposers
d. Interactions among biotic components
2) Abiotic components and their interactions with biotic components
3) Habitat and types of habitat
a. Aquatic or water habitats: Marine, freshwater, coastal habitats
b. Terrestrial or land habitats: Desert, grassland, rainforest, tundra or polar habitats
3. 4) Adaptations:
a. Adaptations for desert habitats, water habitats, polar and mountain habitats,
grassland habitats, tropical rainforests habitats, aquatic habitats
i. Plant life
ii. Animal life
5) Characteristics of the living beings
a. Food, growth, respiration, responding to stimuli, reproduction, living organisms
and excretion, movement
Motion and Measurement of Distances:
1) Physical quantities
2) Standard units:
a. Multiples and submultiples of units
3) Measurement of Length:
a. Concept of length as distance between two points
b. Measurement of length (ruler, measuring tape)
c. Units (with symbol and full name)
d. Measuring the length of a curved line: Using thread and using a divider
4) Measurement of Mass:
a. Concept of Mass as matter contained in an object
b. Measurement of Mass (Beam Balance, Electronic Balance)
c. Units (with symbol and full name)
5) Measurement of Time:
a. Concept of time and explanation in terms of hours, minutes and seconds.
b. Measurement of Time (Clock, watch, stop watch)
c. Units (with symbol and full name)
6) Measurement of Temperature:
a. Temperature as a measure of degree of hotness or coldness of body
b. Measurement of temperature (clinical thermometer, laboratory thermometer)
c. Normal temperature of a human body
d. Units (with symbol and full name)
7) Measurement of Area:
a. Concept of area
8) Definition of motion
a. Story of transport
9) Types of motion
a. Translatory motion
b. Rotational motion
c. Periodic motion
10) Different motions at the same time
4. Light, Shadow and Reflections:
1) Sources of light
a. Luminous objects
b. Non-luminous objects
2) Rays and beam
3) Transparent, opaque and translucent object
4) Rectilinear Propagation of Light.
5) Applications of rectilinear propagation of light.
6) Pinhole camera:
a. Principle and Working
b. Factors on which the size of the image produced depends on
7) Shadows:
a. Umbra
b. Penumbra
c. Natural Shadows – Eclipse
i. Solar eclipse
ii. Lunar eclipse
8) Difference between shadows and images
9) Reflection of light by a plane mirror
Electricity and Circuits:
1) Electric current
2) Electric circuits
3) Electric components
4) Conductors and insulators
a. Testing which substance is a conductor and which is an insulator
5) Electric cells: Dry cells, car battery, solar cell, button cell (no technical knowledge to be
given)
Fun with Magnets:
1) Magnetic and non-magnetic substances
2) Characteristics of a magnet
3) Properties of magnets
4) Poles of magnet
5) Magnetic field around a magnet
6) Earth’s magnetic field
a. The magnetic compass
7) Making of Magnets
8) Permanent & temporary magnets and their uses
9) Electromagnets and choice of material for the core of electromagnet
10) Care & storage of magnets
11) Demagnetization by heating, hammering and electricity
5. Our Environment:
1) Importance of water in everyday life (household purpose, industry, watering plants, etc.)
2) Water resources (well, river, hand pump, lakes, pond, etc.)
3) Water cycle
4) Change of state of water
5) Capacity to dissolve many salts in it
6) Definition of Solute, Solvent and Solution
7) Importance of water for sustenance of life on earth.
8) Reasons for water pollution; its prevention; conservation of water
9) Air is present everywhere around us.
10) Air - a mixture of gases namely, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour; dust
and smoke as pollutants.
11) Percentage composition of air.
12) Uses of the components present (importance of nitrogen to plants to be mentioned)
13) Definition of atmosphere as layer of air around the earth
14) Oxygen cycle
15) Type of waste
a. Biodegradable waste
b. Non-biodegradable waste
16) Reusing and recycling waste
a. Segregation of waste
b. Recycling biodegradable waste
c. Reusing and recycling paper
d. Reusing and recycling non-biodegradable waste
e. Disposal of plastics
17) Advantages of recycling
18) Ways to reduce waste
19) Four R’s of managing waste