1) The document discusses various chemistry concepts including the three states of matter, elements, compounds, mixtures, and different types of changes including physical and chemical changes.
2) An element is defined as a pure substance that cannot be broken down further, and there are over 100 known elements. Compounds are pure substances made of two or more elements.
3) Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with a uniform composition, or heterogeneous, with a varying composition. Physical changes alter the state of a substance without forming new substances, while chemical changes create new substances.