This presentation is about Schizophrenia, a debilitating disease which causes hallucinations and delusions. John Nash, Eduard Einstein are some of the known schizophrenics.

2. What is schizophrenia? A psychotic disorder
Inability to differentiate the real and imaginary
Greek roots:σχίζειν- to split and φρήν- mind
It is named by Paul Eugen Bleuler(1908)
Epidemiology and onset of schizophrenia
1-2% of the world’s population are schizophrenics.
Most schizophrenics are in the age group 15-25.
About one third of the U.S. population has reported
symptoms of a psychiatric disorder.

3. SYMPTOMS

5. TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

6. Schizophrenia is partly
heritableFamily, twin, and adoptive studies show a higher
incidence among biological relatives.
Monozygotic (identical) twins share identical genes –
dizygotic (fraternal) have half of their genes in common.
If both twins suffer from schizophrenia, they are
concordant for the disease.
If only one member of a pair has it, they are
discordant.
For identical twins, the concordance rate is 50%,
pointing to a genetic factor.

7. Heritability of Schizophrenia

8. Schizophrenia-Neurobiology

9.  Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
 Serotonin Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
 Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

10. Treatment
Cognition Behaviour
Therapy
 Hallucinations
 Delusions
Medication Psychotherapy

11. Stem cells
Daniel Lodge, Ph.D., and Stephanie Perez, doctoral student,
both from the School of Medicine at the University of Texas
Health Science Center at San Antonio, discovered that
transplanting stem cells into the rat brain -- into a center called
the hippocampus -- restored functions that are abnormal in
schizophrenia.

12. SchizophrenicsEduard Einstein
John Forbes Nash
Ruffer
Eduard
Einstein

13. MarkersLH
FSH
EGF
DARPP-32, GABA Transporters,Vesicular GABA
Transporters(GAT), Glutamate Decarboxylase
Glycerate, Eicosenoic acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, Pyruvate and
Cystine

14. Thank You