Presentation on standards and interoperability for the SCF Atlanta Partners' Day.

1. Partners Day
Standards and Interoperability
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017

2. Session Agenda
• RAN Standards 25 mins=
• SCF Vision [Prabhakar Chitrapu] 5mins
• 3GPP [Vince Spatafora] 15mins
• Discussion 10mins
• Edge and Cloud Standards 25 mins=
• SCF vision [Prabhakar Chitrapu] 5mins
• ETSI MEC & NFV [Pierre Lynch] 15mins
• Discussion 10mins
• Interoperability 40 mins=
• IOP Vision [Kreso Bilan] 5mins
• SON testing [Joe Thome] 5mins
• GSMA [Michele Zarri] 10mins
• Discussion 20mins
• 3GPP, CBRS-A, GSMA, ETSI
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017

3. Prabhakar Chitrapu
Chair SCF Technology and 5G WG
RAN Standards for Small Cells

4. RAN Standards
Tech&5G: 10 Year Roadmap
2027 Target State Milestones
Open and interoperable standards broadly
embraced by the vendor community. An SDO
ecosystem wherein complementary
specifications are collaboratively developed in
an open source environment, enabling rapid
global innovation. Interfaces defined between
Physical and Virtual Network Functions and
OAM, as well as Control and User Planes
• Harmonisation of Radio & Network Standards
• Radio Standards across Macro & Small cell (LTE & 5G)
• Radio Standards across Licensed, Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum
• Virtualisation Standards-ETSI / Cellular standards-3GPP
• Edge Computing Standards
• 5G Interface Adoption (F1 interface, N2 interface, Xn interface)
• F1/nFAPI harmonization/adoption
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2016

5. 3GPP Collaboration Objectives
• Bi-Directional Information Exchanges and Collaboration (as appropriate) to ensure Small
Cells are correctly & comprehensively addressed in standards defining HyperDense
HetNets and 5G architectures
• Ensure that Small Cell deployments in Enterprises (taking into account pre-existing
Enterprise IT systems) are suitably addressed in 3GPP standards
• Jointly lead the industry to avoid fragmentation and enable multi-vendor interoperability
in the following areas:
• virtualized small cells (protocol splits and nFAPI); Management Models for PNFs; Orchestration
approaches for VNFs (ETSI-MANO, ONAP etc).
• truly Multi-Vendor SON solutions for a Multi-Layered (Macro-Micro-Pico-SmallCell) Cellular Network
(which we think is still not possible, except in a limited sense, e.g. interference management).
• Edge Computing Architectures and Interfaces and APIs, taking into account work being done by
3GPP CUPS, ETSI-MEC, Open Edge Computing (OEC), Open Fog Computing (OFC) etc.
• Jointly explore Open Source Initiatives
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2016

6. Vince Spatafora
Vice Chair TSG RAN, 3GPP
3GPP

7. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 7
Market Representative Partners
• 17 Market partners representing the broader industry:
Partnership 2/2
• 5G Americas,
• 5G Infrastructure Association,
• COAI (India),
• CTIA,
• GCF,
• GSA,
• GSMA,
• IPV6 Forum,
• MDG (formerly CDG),
• NGMN Alliance,
• Public Safety Communication Europe
(PSCE) Forum,
• Small Cell Forum,
• TCCA,
• TD Industry Alliance,
• TD-Forum,
• Wireless Broadband Alliance
NEW: 5G Automotive Association (5GAA)

8. The 3GPP-centric standards map (5G)
ITU-R/T
Reference to
3GPP specs
SDO Partners
govern the
project &
transpose 3GPP
specs locally
Cross referenceDirect
Requirements
JapanEU Korea China North America
3GPP Market Partners
Terminal certification
based on 3GPP specs
India
5G Projects
Requirements
via
Member
contributions

9. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 9
TSG RAN
Radio Access Network
RAN WG1
Radio Layer 1 spec
RAN WG2
Radio Layer 2 spec
Radio Layer 3 RR spec
RAN WG3
Overall RAN architecture and
protocols for Iu, Iur, Iub, S1 and X2
interfaces
RAN WG4
Radio Performance
Protocol aspects
RAN WG5
Mobile Terminal
Conformance Testing
RAN WG6
GSM EDGE
Radio Access Network
TSG SA
Service & Systems Aspects
SA WG1
Services
SA WG2
Architecture
SA WG3
Security
SA WG4
Codec
SA WG5
Telecom Management
SA WG6
Mission-critical applications
TSG CT
Core Network & Terminals
CT WG1
MM/CC/SM (lu)
CT WG3
Interworking with external networks
CT WG4
MAP/GTP/BCH/SS
CT WG6
Smart Card Application Aspects
Project Coordination Group (PCG)

10. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 10
5G Work and
Study
Summary:
Source: SA Chairman (May 2017)

11. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 11
5G timeline
Non-standalone 5G
• Uses LTE core and LTE radio anchor
with a 5G small cell
• Mobile BroadBand capacity boost
Standalone 5G
• Uses 5G core and 5G radio anchor
• 5G overlay
• Expansion of the wireless ecosystem

12. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
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Some Areas of Interest by Small Cell Forum
vRAN in 5G and Functional RAN Splits
3GPP position on Open Source
MEC Services and API’s
Densification / Small Cell support and evolution
SON – Evolution from LTE to 5G SON
Small Cell Management

13. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 13
Status of Higher and Lower Layer
RAN Functional Splits
Higher Layer Split:
• RAN3 is working on HL-Split, based on centralised
PDCP/RRC and decentralised RLC/MAC/PHY (Option
2), for Release 15
• A study on Separation of CP and UP for the CU
(Centralized Unit) for Option 2 split of NR began in
June
Lower Layer Split:
• Several aspects of a LL-Split were studied during the
RAN Study item
• RAN3 just began a study for LL-Split in late June
2017.
Several variants being considered between MAC &
PHY or within PHY
5GC
NG NG
Xn
NG-RAN
gNB-DU gNB-DU
gNB-CUgNB
F1F1
gNB-DU gNB-DU
gNB-CUgNB
F1F1
Figure 6.1-1 Overall architecture (From BL DRAFT TS38.401)

14. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 14
The Impact of Open Source Initiatives
3GPP has no overall policy with respect to open source
In several groups (especially in RAN), data models expressed in formal language
(ASN.1) in CT WGs (in XML) in effect provide an encoding which can be considered
source code
In SA4, several specifications include C code. Example 26.077 includes source code

15. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 15
MEC Services and API’s
3GPP has a Common API Framework Study
March 2017 (SA#75) - the new Study on Common API Framework for 3GPP
Northbound APIs was started (SA6)
For new / ‘vertical’ business sectors
The study will focus on architectural aspects such as registration, discovery
and identity management that generally apply to all services. Common API
Framework Functions could be achieved uniformly for such capabilities as
Service API discovery, monitoring and charging
3GPP considering the reuse of existing applicable standards. TR23.722 is
looking at API work done by other 3GPP WGs, the OMA API Program and
the ETSI MEC API framework
750031 Study on Common API Framework
for 3GPP Northbound APIs
FS_CAPIF Rel-15 S6 SP-170405 new TR 23.722

16. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 16
Densification and Small Cell Support / Evolution
Much of the work on 5G NR is being done for spectrum >6Ghz, Small Cells and
network densification are a high priority use cases
Consideration being given to numerous aspects; from channel model, features,
migration scenarios, and connectivity options (e.g. Dual Connectivity with LTE)

17. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
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© 3GPP 2017 17
SON
Evolution from LTE to 5G SON
The addition of another Radio Access Technology (RAT) will trigger
the need for automated tools to help Operators in operating multi-
RAT networks
SA5 has just started studying the Management and Orchestration of
5G, where SON is included
NFV & SDN could bring SON-MANO cooperation
Vertical markets (connected automotive, IoT, smart city, etc.) could
lead to per vertical SON features
Network slicing could lead to per network slice SON features
Look for SON, for FS_MAN_NGNAF or SA5 in the work plan
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Information/WORK_PLAN/

18. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 18
Small Cell Management
TS32.582 - Management of HNB for UMTS,
since Rel-8; TS32.592 - Management of HeNB
for LTE, since Rel-9
These specifications were maintained in Rel-9
and Rel-10 time frames, with no substantial
changes in them since that time
The SCF has held discussions with the SA5
about extensions in SA5 specs and TR-196
(2016). This did not result in any contributions
to SA5 as yet

19. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
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www.3gpp.org
For more Information:
info@3gpp.org
Search for WIDs at http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/work-plan and http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Information/WORK_PLAN/ (See excel sheet)

20. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 20
General 3GPP Slides…

21. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 21
5G Phase 1 Scenarios for 5G CN + NG NR
5G deployments
• Support 5G CN standards; or
• Support NG NR; or
• Support both
Migration: devices in one
scenario to operate properly in
other scenarios.
• Scenarios do not introduce any
incompatibility or market
fragmentation.

22. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
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© 3GPP 2017 22
5G Serves New Verticals
Since 3GPP was founded (1998), member companies have sought to offer new
applications and services via data services of mobile telecommunications.
5G expands offerings by specializing radio and network
capabilities, exposing them.
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband
• Massive Internet of Things
• Ultra-Reliable & Low Latency

23. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 23
Stage 1 Requirements
5G Requirements approved March 2016 include
• Specialization via Network Slicing, Diverse Mobility Management, expanded QoS and Policy
control, Exposure of capabilities
• Efficiency via a common core for multiple accesses (fixed, mobile/terrestrial [LTE, NG NR and
more], satellite), optimized signalling, traffic steering, content delivery features, energy use
optimization
• Radio related improvements via Self Backhauling, Flexible Multicast/Broadcast service, Long
Range in Rural Areas, and support for service improvements
• Service improvements via Higher Data Rates, Supporting Higher Speeds, Low Latency, High
Reliability, High Accuracy Positioning, Security Features
Specific targeted services
• Vehicle to Everything, Industrial Automation, Tactile Internet, UHD Video, …

24. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
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© 3GPP 2017 24
5G Architecture WID Objectives

25. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
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© 3GPP 2017 25
Other Key Aspects of 5G
Security and Privacy, support includes
• Secure virtualized and exposed Network Functions
• Secure service-based interfaces between network functions
• Single security anchor for all access networks
• ETSI SCP Smart Secure Platform (SSP)
• Unified authentication framework
Management
• Orchestration for network slicing
• Virtual Network functions that are part of NR
• Management and orchestration of 5G CN (including NFV aspects)

26. S m a l l C e l l F o r u m , P a r t n e r ’ s m e e t i n g - A t l a n t a 2 6 & 2 7 J u l y
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2017 26
5G Phase 2 Outlook
RAN phase 2 features studies have been identified and approved, to
start soon
SA phase 2 feature studies will start soon
Requirements are not expected to change, and phase 1 forms the basis
for ongoing work in phase 2.

27. Panel Discussion
RAN Standards for Small Cells

28. Prabhakar Chitrapu
Chair SCF Technology and 5G WG
Edge & Cloud Standards

29. Virtualisation, Cloud, Edge
Tech & 5G: 10 Year Roadmap
2027 Target State Milestones
Fully virtualised network that can be sliced and
diced to offer a range of services optimised for
different QoS requirements. Operators can expose
API to connectivity resellers to enable them to
address niche markets. Fully distributed cloud,
some of the local apps supported by small cells
Now
Virtualized core networks
1-3 Years
Virtualization of RAN/Edge Networks to extend benefits of
flexibility/agility and enable new services
E2E Network Slicing for Multi-Service support
Alignment across SDOs & Industry Forums
3-5 Years
Slicing APIs developed to enable configuration and control by third
parties
Simplified/Containerized RAN/Edge networks
Disaggregation and Distribution of Mobile Core Network functions
5-10 Years
Ultra Low Latency and Highly Reliable distributed cloud/fog
deployments
Unified Orchestration across (Distributed) Core & (Disaggregated) RAN
Edge Services based on MNO’s Telco Cloud & 3rd Party’s Public Cloud &
Edge Infrastructures
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2016

30. ETSI Collaboration Objectives
• ETSI-MEC
• API development: Bi-Directional Information Exchange, Requirements (SCF), Review for
Gaps (SCF)
• Distributed Infrastructure Architecture Study to support Edge Computing
• Orchestration Framework: Extend to ONAP
• Potential Engagement with BIZ for ETSI-MEC API industry adoption/profile definitions, IOP
for Pulgfests
• ETSI-NFV:
• Regular information exchanges
• Distributed Infrastructure Architecture Study to support VRAN & CDN
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2016

31. Pierre Lynch
Vice Chair ETSI NFV TST
ETSI MEC and NFV
2.1 ETSI MEC Overview SCF July2017.pptx
2.2 ETSI NFV for SCF Partner Day.pptx

32. Panel Discussion
Cloud and Edge

33. Kreso Bilan,
Chair SCF Interoperability WG
Interoperability Vision

34. Why do we do Interoperability Testing
• A strong small cell ecosystem requires that operators have a wide choice of interoperable
equipment from a range of suppliers from which to build their HetNets
• PlugFests a first test of multi-vendor interoperability and help to both debug product
implementations and clarify standards ambiguities
• Conformance testing and certification come at a later stage of maturity
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017
Value of Small Cell
Forum PlugFests [085]

35. Interoperability WG: Where we are today
• Value of plugfests
• Reports
• Test cases
• Press releases
• 3G: 1, 2, 3
• LTE: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• Twitter
• KPIs
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017

36. IOP WG milestones 2027
• 5G interface plugfests
• F1, N2, Xn, management interface
• SON plugfests
• Macrocell & small cell SON interoperability
• SON performance benchmarking test cases
• 5G SON
• 5G is “system of systems”
• NFV SON interoperability
• RAN and beyond RAN based SON / SON
Systems: SON among different Generation
System
• New SON target e.g. backhauling (LTE, or
any other technology)
Interoperability WG: Vision 2027
• Private networks (MEC) plugfests
• Phase 1 - API definition
• Phase 2
• NFV based ePC - HSS
(real time delays not important for control
signalling)
• xRAN
• CBRS
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017

37. • Plugfests
• Pro:
• Verifies standards, discovers bugs in implementation, gives an overview of
competition, marketing effect
• Action:
• Plugfests can also serve as Carrier acceptance test centre for some operators
• Question: is any other forum interested in co-organising plugfest?
• Permanent plugfest lab
• Pro:
• Familiar environment for participants
(Significantly reduced preparation time for plugfests)
Interoperability WG: mutandi modus operandi 1/2
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017

38. • Stronger support for test cases
• Pro:
• SCF members are using test cases for private tests as a reference
• Sharing test cases with other industry fora reduces the cost of writing test
cases and increases the quality
• Question: is any other forum interested in collaboration in writing test cases?
Interoperability WG: mutandi modus operandi 2/2
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017

39. Joe Thome
SCF Champion for Hyperdensity
Testing SON Interoperability

40. SON IOP Activities Example
Where are we?
SON 2017 Plugfest SON Features
• Physical Cell Identity (PCI) Optimization: 17 tests
• Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR): 17 tests
• Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO): 23 tests
• Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation (ICIC): 14 tests
• Frequent Handover Mitigation (FHM): 8 tests
SCF IOP Work Areas
• Test case development
• Test acceptance/success
criteria develoment
• Plugfest organization
• Results publication
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017
Test type run (ok)
run
(nok)
n/a
run
(total)
total
INTRA-VENDOR 103 2 101 105 206
INTER-VENDOR 124 19 128 143 271
WITH MACRO 55 0 41 55 96

41. SON IOP Activities Example
Where are we going?
• Active closed loop SON importance is increasing as spectral efficiency becomes essential with small cell
deployment moving from indoor to outdoor and the emergence of shared spectrum.
• Focus on expanding plugfest on HetNet environments specifically Macro-cell / Small Cell inter-operability
• Refine the existing SON feature test suites
• PCI, ANR, MRO
• SCF member proposals that came in after the test suite freeze
• Add new features
• MLB, eICIC, …
• New priorities, roadmap to extend SON IOP coverage
• Feedback from vendors and operators in terms of challenges / specific problems / priorities
• Looking ahead: 5G optimization interoperability, SD-RAN optimization interoperability (eg. xRAN)
• Question: What are test cases, performance criteria and test priorities for other forums?
• Question: Are there way to coordinate on parameter definitions to facilitate close loop SON
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017

42. Michele Zarri
Technical Director, GSMA
GSMA

43. © Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017
Role and Goals of GSMA for 5G

44. © Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017
What the CEOs think
Future networks will…
• Rely on a combination
of mainstream and
alternative technologies
• Built independently or
via partnerships
• Use both licensed and
unlicensed spectrum
• Operate across different
spectrum bands

45. © Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017
The access layer in the 5G Era
Densification challenge
• The new core network will be
access agnostic allowing
operators to exploit several
combinations of access
technologies:
• Deploy Small Cells
• Combine 5G with fixed access
• Combine 5G with 4G (overlay)
• Deploy in unlicensed spectrum
• Integrate WiFi access
• Infrastructure owned by
neutral hosts expected to play
a key role

46. © Small Cell Forum Ltd 2017
Why interoperability matters
GSMA activity
• GSMA is working with its members
to explore the network economics
aspects of mobile networks,
focusing in particular on:
• benefits of infrastructure
sharing
• Infrastructure sharing models
• Introduction to 5G
• Alternative backhaul and
transmission technologies
Small cells will be part of the assets operators
share with other operators
Small cells will be a key component of the
heterogeneous 5G network
Models such as “bring your own cell” or neutral
hosting likely to emerge

47. Panel Discussion
Interoperability

48. Networking Lunch
Return for Operations Session at 1400