High impact trauma to cartilage can lead to damage and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This study investigated using genipin crosslinking to strengthen cartilage after impact and reduce wear. Bovine cartilage was impacted and treated with genipin at concentrations of 0, 2, or 10 mM. Impact caused fissures and decreased stiffness. Crosslinking did not increase stiffness but did reduce wear, with 2 mM genipin performing similarly to 10 mM. The results suggest genipin crosslinking may help protect cartilage from accelerated wear after injury.
Rotator cuff tears are a very common cause of shoulder pain. Surgery is very successful in improving pain but biological augmentation is aimed at improving the healing rate. Amniotic membrane allografts, PRP (platelet rich plasma) and stem cells are all currently popular options.
This study is an In vitro analysis of amniotic membrane allograft as a potential agent for biological augmentation of rotator cuff repair performed by Dr Adnan Saithna, Orthopedic Surgeon, AZBSC Orthopedics
Rotator cuff tears are a very common cause of shoulder pain. Surgery is very successful in improving pain but biological augmentation is aimed at improving the healing rate. Amniotic membrane allografts, PRP (platelet rich plasma) and stem cells are all currently popular options.
This study is an In vitro analysis of amniotic membrane allograft as a potential agent for biological augmentation of rotator cuff repair performed by Dr Adnan Saithna, Orthopedic Surgeon, AZBSC Orthopedics
A presentation on Articular Cartilage Repair for my Functional Anatomy Course. The presentation was short as we were limited to 6 slides.
I hope you find the information of some use.
STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF OSSEOINTEGRATION OF THE BIO-ACTIVE TITANIUM IMPLANT B...ijbesjournal
We have already reported the in vitro effect of the ultrasound wave stimulation for the hydroxyapatite-like crystalline formation on bioactive pure titanium surface in previous study ( Part I ), which indicate the clinical advantage to accelerate the bone-binding to bioactive material. In this study ( Part II ), animal experiment was performed in order to investigate the effect of ultrasound waving in vivo. Bioactive pure titanium was processed by the chemical treatment and the heat treatment, implanted to the rabbits femur, and undertaken the irradiation of ultrasound waving for planned timeperiods. The titanium specimens taken from sacrificed rabbit was assessed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), histological observation and mechanical testing. As a result, the bone-bonding condition of titanium sample of the ultrasound waving radiation group was significantly excellent as compared with the non-ultrasound pulse group. These findings supported the result of previous in vitro study and suggested that the ultrasound waving had clinical potential to improve the osteointegration, bone-bonding ability for bioactive titanium implant.
Cartilage Injury in Sports I Dr.RAJAT JANGIR JAIPUR
#aclsurgeryjaipur #aclsurgeryhindia #aclsurgerytaekwondo
Acl reconstruction in jaipur | Acl reconstruction in taekwondo | Acl injury in football player surgery | Acl reconstruction surgery in football | acl surgery | Acl surgery ke baad physiotherapy | Acl surgery in jaipur | acl surgery recovery | Best acl surgeon in jaipur | Best ligament doctor in hindi | Best acl surgeon in india | Meniscus repair surgery in jaipur | Sports injury doctor | Acl injury in football players | Acl injury in taekwondo | acl tear | Best knee surgeon in jaipur
#allinsideacl #internalbrace #drrajatjangir #bestaclsurgeon #aclexpert #bestkneesurgeon
To Know more about ACL Injury, Click the links below:
1. ACL surgery 7 different Techniques we do at our center - "Not single technique best for all"
https://youtu.be/oWkIr8IXvr8
2. Everything about ACL Injury tear surgery in Hindi I
https://youtu.be/bqpjkAkwZ14
3. Best Screw for ACL tear surgery in Hindi
https://youtu.be/1LGpU1NHiIs
4. ACL Injury Tear Surgery Recovery : All your questions & queries solved by Dr.Rajat Jangir
https://youtu.be/SIAPWiMbOqs
5. Partial ACL Tear Surgery or not ! ACL आधा टूटा हो तो क्या करें ?
https://youtu.be/NEJRPKskJTI
6. 5 Symptoms of ACL Injury tear इंजरी के पांच लक्षण ?
https://youtu.be/EXpgy19Jxzw
7. PRP injection therapy in Partial ACL TEARs
https://youtu.be/qyG1EYgS87E
Dr.RAJAT JANGIR(Asso Prof.)
Senior Consultant Arthroscopy and Joint Replacement
(Specialist in Shoulder Knee Hip Surgery)
Ligament and Joints Clinic
67/34 Mansarovar Jaipur
Whatsapp: shorturl.at/gnAEP
Appointment: +91 8104855900
Email: ligamentsurgeon@gmail.com
Google Page: https://g.page/KNEE-Shoulder-SURGERY?...
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Ligamentandj...
* Vast experience and specialisation in the field of Arthroscopy and sports surgery.
* M.S. orthopaedics from BJ Medical College, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad
* Fellowship in Arthroscopy and Sports injury with Prof Joon Ho Wang at Samsung Medical Center, South Korea
* Diploma in Sports Medicine from InternationaI Olympic Committee
* Invited as Athlete Medical Doctor at Rio Olympic 2016
* Done Rajasthan's first "All Inside Physeal Preserving ACL reconstruction" in 13 year old Athlete
Dr.Rajat is rated as one of the best orthopedic surgeon with with excellence in Knee Shoulder Arthroscopy surgeries as replacements'
Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts wi...CrimsonPublishersOPROJ
Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts with Femoral Suspensory Fixation: A Biomechanical Study by Matthew Richard Moralle* in Crimson Publishers: Orthopedic Research and Reviews Journal
An overview of management of articular cartilage injuries at various stages. the modalities discussed are PRP, Bone marrow aspirate concentrate, Microfracture, Mosaicplasty and ACI. the pros and cons of each method discussed and compared
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Alexander Yarin (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA) on September 11, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
In below present, which I have presented in biomaterials class, I focused on the hashtag#fatigue behavior of hashtag#porous_metallic biomaterials and described the important factors on this behavior.
Background
Traditionally, metallic interference screws were considered to have increased resistance to load than bio absorbable screws in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We did a comparative evaluation of biodegradable and metallic interference screws for tibial sided ACL reconstruction and also analysed complications, compared clinical outcome, did imaging study of ACL single bundle reconstruction by using titanium & newer poly–L-lactic acid (PLLA) bio absorbable screws to determine as to whether bio absorbable screw which costs double the metallic screw, is functionally better than standard metallic screws.
Methods
This is a prospective comparative study conducted among 50 patients aged between 15 and 55 years with clinical and MRI confirmation of complete ACL tear, treated arthroscopically with ACL reconstruction with either bio absorbable (group 1) or metallic (group 2) interference screw and both the groups were compared on follow up for an average duration of 12 months. Lysholm and Gillquist Knee Scoring Scale were used and outcome scores were divided into excellent, good, fair and poor.
Results
In our study 41 patients were males and 9 were females. Bio screw was used in 24 males and 6 female patients. Metallic screw was used in 17 males and 3 females. Outcome score was excellent in 26 (52 %) cases, good in 18 (36 %) cases, fair in 4 (8 %) cases, poor in 2 (4 %) cases. The mean Lysholm score in bio absorbable group was 93.13 and in metallic group was 89.70. Knee effusion was higher in bio screw group and infection rate was higher in metallic group.
Conclusions
In our study, the difference between bio absorbable screw group and metallic screw group was insignificant with regard to final patient outcome. Final osseointegration was better with bio absorbable screw, but increased cost of implant and almost same results compared to metallic screw does not make the bio absorbable screw superior to its counterpart.
Polarity effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation on tendon healing biom...sherein abdelgayed
Polarity effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation on tendon healing: Biomechanical and histopathological studies.Journal of Advanced Research(JAR)(3),109–117
Joint Replacement: The Current and Future Impact of CoatingsApril Bright
The control of surface properties to reduce wear and corrosion and improve biocompatibility is of particular interest today as device companies—and surgeons, payors and patients—seek to extend the life of knee and hip implants. In this session, device companies shared research on their joint replacement coatings and materials, covering pros, cons and the future of their technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A presentation on Articular Cartilage Repair for my Functional Anatomy Course. The presentation was short as we were limited to 6 slides.
I hope you find the information of some use.
STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF OSSEOINTEGRATION OF THE BIO-ACTIVE TITANIUM IMPLANT B...ijbesjournal
We have already reported the in vitro effect of the ultrasound wave stimulation for the hydroxyapatite-like crystalline formation on bioactive pure titanium surface in previous study ( Part I ), which indicate the clinical advantage to accelerate the bone-binding to bioactive material. In this study ( Part II ), animal experiment was performed in order to investigate the effect of ultrasound waving in vivo. Bioactive pure titanium was processed by the chemical treatment and the heat treatment, implanted to the rabbits femur, and undertaken the irradiation of ultrasound waving for planned timeperiods. The titanium specimens taken from sacrificed rabbit was assessed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), histological observation and mechanical testing. As a result, the bone-bonding condition of titanium sample of the ultrasound waving radiation group was significantly excellent as compared with the non-ultrasound pulse group. These findings supported the result of previous in vitro study and suggested that the ultrasound waving had clinical potential to improve the osteointegration, bone-bonding ability for bioactive titanium implant.
Cartilage Injury in Sports I Dr.RAJAT JANGIR JAIPUR
#aclsurgeryjaipur #aclsurgeryhindia #aclsurgerytaekwondo
Acl reconstruction in jaipur | Acl reconstruction in taekwondo | Acl injury in football player surgery | Acl reconstruction surgery in football | acl surgery | Acl surgery ke baad physiotherapy | Acl surgery in jaipur | acl surgery recovery | Best acl surgeon in jaipur | Best ligament doctor in hindi | Best acl surgeon in india | Meniscus repair surgery in jaipur | Sports injury doctor | Acl injury in football players | Acl injury in taekwondo | acl tear | Best knee surgeon in jaipur
#allinsideacl #internalbrace #drrajatjangir #bestaclsurgeon #aclexpert #bestkneesurgeon
To Know more about ACL Injury, Click the links below:
1. ACL surgery 7 different Techniques we do at our center - "Not single technique best for all"
https://youtu.be/oWkIr8IXvr8
2. Everything about ACL Injury tear surgery in Hindi I
https://youtu.be/bqpjkAkwZ14
3. Best Screw for ACL tear surgery in Hindi
https://youtu.be/1LGpU1NHiIs
4. ACL Injury Tear Surgery Recovery : All your questions & queries solved by Dr.Rajat Jangir
https://youtu.be/SIAPWiMbOqs
5. Partial ACL Tear Surgery or not ! ACL आधा टूटा हो तो क्या करें ?
https://youtu.be/NEJRPKskJTI
6. 5 Symptoms of ACL Injury tear इंजरी के पांच लक्षण ?
https://youtu.be/EXpgy19Jxzw
7. PRP injection therapy in Partial ACL TEARs
https://youtu.be/qyG1EYgS87E
Dr.RAJAT JANGIR(Asso Prof.)
Senior Consultant Arthroscopy and Joint Replacement
(Specialist in Shoulder Knee Hip Surgery)
Ligament and Joints Clinic
67/34 Mansarovar Jaipur
Whatsapp: shorturl.at/gnAEP
Appointment: +91 8104855900
Email: ligamentsurgeon@gmail.com
Google Page: https://g.page/KNEE-Shoulder-SURGERY?...
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Ligamentandj...
* Vast experience and specialisation in the field of Arthroscopy and sports surgery.
* M.S. orthopaedics from BJ Medical College, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad
* Fellowship in Arthroscopy and Sports injury with Prof Joon Ho Wang at Samsung Medical Center, South Korea
* Diploma in Sports Medicine from InternationaI Olympic Committee
* Invited as Athlete Medical Doctor at Rio Olympic 2016
* Done Rajasthan's first "All Inside Physeal Preserving ACL reconstruction" in 13 year old Athlete
Dr.Rajat is rated as one of the best orthopedic surgeon with with excellence in Knee Shoulder Arthroscopy surgeries as replacements'
Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts wi...CrimsonPublishersOPROJ
Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts with Femoral Suspensory Fixation: A Biomechanical Study by Matthew Richard Moralle* in Crimson Publishers: Orthopedic Research and Reviews Journal
An overview of management of articular cartilage injuries at various stages. the modalities discussed are PRP, Bone marrow aspirate concentrate, Microfracture, Mosaicplasty and ACI. the pros and cons of each method discussed and compared
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Alexander Yarin (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA) on September 11, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
In below present, which I have presented in biomaterials class, I focused on the hashtag#fatigue behavior of hashtag#porous_metallic biomaterials and described the important factors on this behavior.
Background
Traditionally, metallic interference screws were considered to have increased resistance to load than bio absorbable screws in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We did a comparative evaluation of biodegradable and metallic interference screws for tibial sided ACL reconstruction and also analysed complications, compared clinical outcome, did imaging study of ACL single bundle reconstruction by using titanium & newer poly–L-lactic acid (PLLA) bio absorbable screws to determine as to whether bio absorbable screw which costs double the metallic screw, is functionally better than standard metallic screws.
Methods
This is a prospective comparative study conducted among 50 patients aged between 15 and 55 years with clinical and MRI confirmation of complete ACL tear, treated arthroscopically with ACL reconstruction with either bio absorbable (group 1) or metallic (group 2) interference screw and both the groups were compared on follow up for an average duration of 12 months. Lysholm and Gillquist Knee Scoring Scale were used and outcome scores were divided into excellent, good, fair and poor.
Results
In our study 41 patients were males and 9 were females. Bio screw was used in 24 males and 6 female patients. Metallic screw was used in 17 males and 3 females. Outcome score was excellent in 26 (52 %) cases, good in 18 (36 %) cases, fair in 4 (8 %) cases, poor in 2 (4 %) cases. The mean Lysholm score in bio absorbable group was 93.13 and in metallic group was 89.70. Knee effusion was higher in bio screw group and infection rate was higher in metallic group.
Conclusions
In our study, the difference between bio absorbable screw group and metallic screw group was insignificant with regard to final patient outcome. Final osseointegration was better with bio absorbable screw, but increased cost of implant and almost same results compared to metallic screw does not make the bio absorbable screw superior to its counterpart.
Polarity effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation on tendon healing biom...sherein abdelgayed
Polarity effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation on tendon healing: Biomechanical and histopathological studies.Journal of Advanced Research(JAR)(3),109–117
Joint Replacement: The Current and Future Impact of CoatingsApril Bright
The control of surface properties to reduce wear and corrosion and improve biocompatibility is of particular interest today as device companies—and surgeons, payors and patients—seek to extend the life of knee and hip implants. In this session, device companies shared research on their joint replacement coatings and materials, covering pros, cons and the future of their technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Ligamentotaxis in the Intraarticular and Juxta Articular Fracture of Wristiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
BACKGROUND: The stimulating effect of low level laser phototherapy on bone healing has been shown in a number of in vitro and animal studies. However, the effect of LLLT on the bone healing in human has not been previously wide demonstrated. The article reports an accidentally injury pattern and reported as fractures of the mid third of the left tibia. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case study was to demonstrate the biological effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on tibial fractures treated surgically using radiographic, examinations. CASE REPORT: The case hospitalized for conventional surgery and followed by applying Low Level Laser Therapy LLLT to enhance and accelerate the bone fracture healing of the left tibia using the effect of laser bio-stimulation. Radiological x-ray imaging evaluation follow up for our case showed a significant bone healing rate as result of exposure of Diode Laser 650 nm with energy density of 5 J/cm2 three times/week for one month. Radiographic findings revealed no significant fracture callus thickness difference before using LLLT however, the fractures showed significant callus formation after using LLLT. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that LLLT accelerates the process of fracture repair or cause increases in callus volume
Motor Unit Conduction Velocity During Sustained Contraction Of The Vastus Med...Nosrat hedayatpour
in the current study, we analyzed the
Effect of eccentric exercise on the conduction velocity of
individual motor units at two locations of the vastus
medialis muscle during sustained contractions.
1. INTRODUCTION
High energy trauma to a synovial joint causes an array of
mechanical, cellular, and biochemical responses that can ultimately
lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Mechanical damage to the
cartilage, such as surface fissures [1] and microstructural damage [2],
have been observed at impact sites immediately following trauma.
However, the degree to which this damage renders the tissue more
susceptible to wear and contributes to the progression of PTOA is
unknown. Additionally, no treatments are currently available to
strengthen cartilage after joint trauma and protect the tissue from
subsequent wear. Our previous work has investigated collagen
crosslinking of cartilage using genipin as a potential therapeutic
treatment [3]. We showed that genipin crosslinking improves the wear
resistance of healthy, intact cartilage in vitro and significantly protects
the tissue from collagenase digestion at doses that are non-toxic to
chondrocytes [3]. The purposes of this study were to investigate the
role of mechanical damage in cartilage wear and friction after an
impact, and to determine whether genipin crosslinking is an effective
treatment to improve the wear of impacted cartilage.
METHODS
Cartilage/bone specimens from thawed bovine stifles were
impacted via a drop tower instrumented with a load cell and
accelerometer, using a 3.2 cm spherical impact head from a height of
25 cm with a total mass of 499 g. Alcian blue staining was performed
to investigate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels post-impact.
Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess denatured collagen
(COL2-3/4M) and collagenase cleavage (COL2-3/4Cshort). Crosslinked
and control specimens were incubated post-impact for 15 min in 0, 2,
or 10 mM genipin (Challenge Bioproducts, Taiwan) solutions in PBS
at 37 ºC, then were transferred to genipin-free PBS at 37 ºC to bring
the total time to 24 h. Stress-relaxation tests were performed via
indentation initially, then again after impact, and finally after
crosslinking with a Hysitron TI950 TriboIndenter (Minneapolis, MN)
equipped with a 3-D OmniProbe® transducer and a 750 µm diameter
flat punch probe. The indentation protocol, which had previously been
shown to produce repeatable stiffness measurements of cartilage that
were sensitive to changes due to crosslinking [4], consisted of a 20-sec
loading period, a 50-sec hold at a peak total displacement of 70 µm,
and a 1-sec unloading period; three separate locations on each of four
specimens were indented. The unloading stiffness was calculated for
each indentation, and a standard linear solid model was fit to the
holding phase of the stress-relaxation tests (n = 12) [5].
Impacted/crosslinked specimens and control specimens underwent
reciprocating pin-on-disk friction tests for 30 minutes using a
Universal Micro-Tribometer (Bruker, Campbell, CA); the initial
coefficient of friction was reported (n = 4). Separate specimens
underwent identical wear tests for 48 hours in a square pattern (n = 6)
against stainless steel discs using an Orthopod (AMTI, Watertown,
MA) as previously described [6]. To visualize damage from the wear
test, surfaces were stained with india ink. To quantify the amount of
collagen released to the hydrating fluid during the wear test of each
specimen, a hydroxyproline assay was performed. Differences were
determined using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test and
significance set at p<0.05.
RESULTS
The impact energy from the drop tower was 0.89 ± 0.30 J and
resulted in shallow fissures at the articular surface (Fig. 1A). Alcian
blue staining of impacted cartilage revealed that a large amount of
GAG’s were retained by the cartilage post-impact (Fig. 1A).
Immunohistochemistry indicated that collagen became denatured
under the impact (Fig. 1B), which was not due to collagenase cleavage
(data not shown). The cartilage unloading stiffness decreased by
40.2% after impact (p<0.001) and was not significantly different after
crosslinking in either genipin concentration. Similarly, equilibrium
modulus from the standard linear solid model decreased 42.4% upon
impact, and did not significantly change with crosslinking. The initial
modulus from the standard linear solid model also decreased after
impact, was not significantly changed with 2 mM crosslinking, but
increased with the 10 mM treatment (data not shown). The initial
coefficient of friction rose by 88% after impact and was not
significantly changed by crosslinking. India ink staining suggested that
SB
3
C2015
Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering and BIotransport Conference
June 17-20, 2015,Snowbird Resort, Utah, USA
THE EFFECT OF IMPACT AND GENIPIN CROSSLINKING ON THE FRICTION AND
WEAR OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
C.M. Bonitsky (1), M. Selep (1), M.E. McGann (1), T.C. Ovaert (1), S.B. Trippel (2), D.R. Wagner (1)
(1) Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
(2) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Indiana University
Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
2. impacted specimens with 0 mM genipin treatment sustained the most
wear while the fissures due to impact did not noticeably worsen in the
specimens that had been crosslinked in 2 and 10 mM genipin (Fig.
2A). The wear quantification confirmed these results, indicating that
the impacted specimens released significantly more collagen to the
hydrating fluid during the wear test than those that had not been
impacted, and that the 2 and 10 mM genipin crosslinking treatments
reduced the wear of the impacted specimens to levels that were
comparable to that of the non-impacted controls (Fig. 2B).
DISCUSSION
This study investigated a novel method to improve articular
cartilage wear resistance after a traumatic injury. We used genipin, a
natural plant extract, to crosslink the collagen network in a clinically
relevant 15 minute time span. The impact protocol caused fissures and
microstructural damage at the articular surface and decreased the
cartilage stiffness via indentation testing. Although we have previously
shown that our crosslinking protocol in 2 and 10 mM genipin increases
the unloading stiffness of intact cartilage by 16 and 64%, respectively
[3], no significant increase in unloading stiffness was observed when
the impacted specimens were crosslinked with these same treatments.
The results suggest that the impact damage dominates the indentation
stiffness measurement, perhaps due to the rupture of collagen fibers in
the superficial zone. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated
collagen network denaturation and microarchitectural damage in the
superficial zone, while Alcian blue straining revealed that a large
amount of GAGs were retained by the cartilage post-impact.
Microarchitectural damage coupled with GAG retention may cause the
swelling and increased water content that has been reported in
impacted cartilage [7] due to the decreased ability of the damaged
collagen network to restrict proteoglycan expansion through the
absorption of water. The microarchitectural damage and subsequent
swelling may also be observed in the decreased moduli of the cartilage
post-impact and may lead to decreased fluid pressurization and
increased cartilage friction [8], as was observed in the current study.
The wear resistance of impacted articular cartilage that had not been
crosslinked was less than that of undamaged cartilage in the in vitro
wear test, suggesting that mechanical damage that is immediately
induced by impact loading may directly contribute to the progression
of PTOA. The wear resistance was improved by the crosslinking
treatments, and was about equal with the 2 and 10 mM genipin
protocols. As previous studies have demonstrated that the 2 mM
genipin crosslinking treatment is non-toxic to chondrocytes [3], it may
be appropriate to adapt this protocol for clinical use to prevent
accelerated wear after a patient experiences injurious joint trauma.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Supported by the US Army Medical Research & Materiel
Command W81XWH-07-0662. We thank Malcolm Cabello for his
help in fabricating test specimens.
REFERENCES
[1] Repo, R, et al., J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 59(8):1068-1076, 1977.
[2] Wilson, W et al., J. Orth. Res., 24(2):220-228, 2006.
[3] McGann, M et al., in review.
[4] McGann, M et al., J. Mech. Beh. Biomed. Mat., 34:264-272, 2014.
[5] Cheng, L et al., J. Polymer Physics, 38(1):10-22, 2000
[6] McGann, M et al., Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H J Eng Med,
226(8):612-622, 2012.
[7] Torzilli, P et al., J. Biomech. Eng., 121(5):433-441, 1999.
[8] Ateshian, G, J. of Biomech., 42:1163-1176, 2009.
FIGURE 2: A) INDIA INK STAINING BEFORE AND AFTER
WEAR TESTING. B) EFFECT OF IMPACT AND GENIPIN
CROSSLINKING ON HYDROXYPROLINE (HYP) RELEASED
TO THE HYDRATING FLUID DURING WEAR TESTING
(*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01).
FIGURE 1: A) ALCIAN BLUE STAINED ARTICULAR
CARTILAGE AFTER IMPACTING THEN INCUBATING IN
PBS AT 37°C FOR 24 HRS. B) IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
OF SURFACE DAMAGE DUE TO A SINGLE IMPACT
SHOWING DENATURED COLLAGEN (COL2-3/4M). BAR
REPRESENTS 200 μm.