Water resources are crucial for Maharashtra given its large population and cultivation needs. However, only 18% of cultivable land has irrigation due to incomplete and scam-ridden irrigation projects. The state faces major issues like dominance of cities over water and lack of rainfall in some regions leading to droughts and farmer suicides. The government is taking measures like new schemes to complete irrigation projects and assist drought-stricken farmers, but needs reforms to improve water management, encourage conservation and ensure resources are used efficiently for agriculture. Benchmarking performance against other states and implementing new policies, technology, and local participation can help optimize water usage.
This document discusses the various applications of geographic information systems (GIS). It begins by introducing GIS and its capabilities, such as data input, management, analysis and modeling. It then examines 10 specific applications of GIS: 1) geological mapping, 2) mining and mineral exploration, 3) groundwater exploration, 4) environmental analysis, 5) disaster management, 6) transportation systems, 7) demographic analysis, 8) agricultural development, 9) forestry, and 10) tourism. For each application, it provides details on how GIS is used to input, store, analyze and output geospatial data to support decision making in that domain.
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location data worldwide. It uses a constellation of satellites that orbit the Earth every 11 hours and 58 minutes, providing 24-hour 3D coverage. GPS is used for navigation, land surveying, tracking vehicles and individuals, and guiding missiles. GIS is a computer-based technology that stores, retrieves, maps, and analyzes geographic data for applications like transportation planning, environmental impact assessments, resource management, and disaster response. GIS integrates different data layers to allow analysis and visualization of spatial patterns, trends, and relationships.
Classification Accuracy Assessment: Accuracy assessment is performed by comparing the map created by remote sensing analysis to a reference map based on a different information source.
Remote sensing uses sensors on aircrafts and satellites to obtain spatial data about soil and crop conditions without physical contact. This document discusses potential applications of remote sensing in precision agriculture including using imagery to identify soil characteristics, predict yields, and schedule irrigation. Case studies are presented on using remote sensing to monitor crop variability and weeds. The document concludes that remote sensing techniques can provide a comprehensive soil and crop strategy but need improvements to be economically accessible to all farmers.
Remote sensing can be used to study soils by analyzing parameters like surface color, temperature, moisture, vegetation indices, mineralogy, organic carbon, iron content, and salinity. High resolution DEM and imagery from sensors like LIDAR and SAR can be used to map landforms and classify soils. Traditional soil mapping is done at scales of 1:1 million to 1:50,000. Remote sensing allows soil mapping across large areas by analyzing the spectral response patterns influenced by soil properties.
The document provides guidelines for stage construction method for building embankments on soft soils. It discusses soft soil characteristics like low shear strength, high compressibility, and problems in embankment construction on such soils. The key techniques discussed are stage construction, which involves raising embankments in stages to allow for consolidation between stages. Detailed calculations are provided as examples to help field engineers design embankments that are stable and meet settlement criteria using the stage construction method.
Role of geo-informatics in land use/land coverRohit Kumar
Geo-informatics, which consists of remote sensing and GIS, plays an important role in land use/land cover studies. Remote sensing provides synoptic and multi-temporal data on land use/cover patterns that can be analyzed using GIS. Together, remote sensing and GIS allow researchers to study land use/cover changes over time in a cost effective and accurate manner. Geo-informatics has been widely used for land use/cover mapping and monitoring due to its time-saving capabilities and ability to store, analyze, and display land use/cover data to support planning, management, and utilization of land resources.
Water resources are crucial for Maharashtra given its large population and cultivation needs. However, only 18% of cultivable land has irrigation due to incomplete and scam-ridden irrigation projects. The state faces major issues like dominance of cities over water and lack of rainfall in some regions leading to droughts and farmer suicides. The government is taking measures like new schemes to complete irrigation projects and assist drought-stricken farmers, but needs reforms to improve water management, encourage conservation and ensure resources are used efficiently for agriculture. Benchmarking performance against other states and implementing new policies, technology, and local participation can help optimize water usage.
This document discusses the various applications of geographic information systems (GIS). It begins by introducing GIS and its capabilities, such as data input, management, analysis and modeling. It then examines 10 specific applications of GIS: 1) geological mapping, 2) mining and mineral exploration, 3) groundwater exploration, 4) environmental analysis, 5) disaster management, 6) transportation systems, 7) demographic analysis, 8) agricultural development, 9) forestry, and 10) tourism. For each application, it provides details on how GIS is used to input, store, analyze and output geospatial data to support decision making in that domain.
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location data worldwide. It uses a constellation of satellites that orbit the Earth every 11 hours and 58 minutes, providing 24-hour 3D coverage. GPS is used for navigation, land surveying, tracking vehicles and individuals, and guiding missiles. GIS is a computer-based technology that stores, retrieves, maps, and analyzes geographic data for applications like transportation planning, environmental impact assessments, resource management, and disaster response. GIS integrates different data layers to allow analysis and visualization of spatial patterns, trends, and relationships.
Classification Accuracy Assessment: Accuracy assessment is performed by comparing the map created by remote sensing analysis to a reference map based on a different information source.
Remote sensing uses sensors on aircrafts and satellites to obtain spatial data about soil and crop conditions without physical contact. This document discusses potential applications of remote sensing in precision agriculture including using imagery to identify soil characteristics, predict yields, and schedule irrigation. Case studies are presented on using remote sensing to monitor crop variability and weeds. The document concludes that remote sensing techniques can provide a comprehensive soil and crop strategy but need improvements to be economically accessible to all farmers.
Remote sensing can be used to study soils by analyzing parameters like surface color, temperature, moisture, vegetation indices, mineralogy, organic carbon, iron content, and salinity. High resolution DEM and imagery from sensors like LIDAR and SAR can be used to map landforms and classify soils. Traditional soil mapping is done at scales of 1:1 million to 1:50,000. Remote sensing allows soil mapping across large areas by analyzing the spectral response patterns influenced by soil properties.
The document provides guidelines for stage construction method for building embankments on soft soils. It discusses soft soil characteristics like low shear strength, high compressibility, and problems in embankment construction on such soils. The key techniques discussed are stage construction, which involves raising embankments in stages to allow for consolidation between stages. Detailed calculations are provided as examples to help field engineers design embankments that are stable and meet settlement criteria using the stage construction method.
Role of geo-informatics in land use/land coverRohit Kumar
Geo-informatics, which consists of remote sensing and GIS, plays an important role in land use/land cover studies. Remote sensing provides synoptic and multi-temporal data on land use/cover patterns that can be analyzed using GIS. Together, remote sensing and GIS allow researchers to study land use/cover changes over time in a cost effective and accurate manner. Geo-informatics has been widely used for land use/cover mapping and monitoring due to its time-saving capabilities and ability to store, analyze, and display land use/cover data to support planning, management, and utilization of land resources.
Land suitability can be assessed as either actual (based on current conditions) or potential (after improvements). Actual suitability uses physical data from soil surveys, while potential accounts for improvements. Land use planning should suggest uses based on characteristics like soil, water resources, vegetation, existing use, and socioeconomics, without harming ecological balance. Geographic information systems (GIS) can create thematic maps for natural resource management and land suitability analysis by integrating remote sensing data, GPS, and digital soil maps produced using GIS technologies. GIS allows viewing and analysis of geographically referenced data in maps, globes, reports and charts.
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed Managementholegajendra
This document outlines the use of GIS in watershed management. It begins with defining key terms like watershed and explaining the need for watershed management to scientifically manage land and water resources. It then provides an overview of how GIS works by capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing and visualizing spatial data. The document presents a case study applying GIS to the Khuldabad watershed in India to delineate boundaries, create maps of terrain, land use and hydrological parameters to inform a development plan. It details the methodology used including collecting satellite data, creating base maps and analyzing the results.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and global positioning systems (GPS) for forest mapping and management. It explains that these technologies have revolutionized forest resource assessment by reducing time and costs. GIS is useful for tasks like resource management, harvest planning, fire management, and map production. RS provides accurate data over large areas, while GIS allows for spatial analysis and mapping. Together these tools provide crucial information for planning and managing forest resources. The document also outlines some future prospects and challenges for using these technologies in forestry.
Vispārēji atbalsta programmas nosacījumi uzņēmējiem - energoefektivitātei, atjaunojamiem energoresursiem un elektroauto iegādei / Gatis Silovs, Ekonomikas ministrija
Vebinārs "Energoefektivitāte un AER uzņēmumos. Atbalsta nosacījumi un finansējums"
2022.gada 1.novembris
video: https://youtu.be/wriWbhSY6Ck
Informācija par Atveseļošanas fonda atbalsta programmu ir šeit https://likumi.lv/ta/id/336032
Remote Sensing and GIS in Land Use / Land Cover MappingVenkatKamal1
This document discusses using remote sensing and GIS for land use/land cover mapping. It describes analyzing agricultural versus urban land to ensure development doesn't degrade farmland. Land cover refers to ground surface characteristics like vegetation or bare soil, while land use refers to how land is used, such as agriculture or recreation. The document outlines classification systems and criteria for remote sensing-based land use/land cover mapping. It also discusses digital classification techniques, global and national land use datasets, and applications of remote sensing for natural resource management and change detection analysis.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing spatial or geographic data. GIS integrates many types of data to help users visualize relationships and patterns and solve complex problems. It allows users to more efficiently analyze spatial relationships and make decisions across a wide range of sectors such as environmental management, transportation planning, facilities management and more. GIS uses mapping and analysis functions to help address challenges like pollution, deforestation, disasters and other issues with geographic components.
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Sumant Diwakar
This document discusses remote sensing and GIS applications for watershed management. It describes how remote sensing can be used to characterize watersheds by mapping attributes like size, shape, drainage patterns, geology, soil, land use, and groundwater potential. Remote sensing data can be integrated with socioeconomic data and used to delineate watershed boundaries, prioritize watersheds for development, and generate action plans. The document also outlines steps for watershed demarcation, characterization using tools like GEOMORIS, and prioritization using methods such as the sediment yield index.
The document discusses landslide disaster resilience town planning with a focus on landslides. It begins with an introduction and overview of landslides, their causes and impacts. It then provides background on landslide risk in India, particularly in the Himalayan region. The document presents a case study of Uttarakhand state, analyzing vulnerability profiles, population at risk, and highly landslide-prone areas. It recommends direct and indirect remedial measures for landslides and emphasizes a systematic planning and management approach involving preparation, response, and post-disaster stages.
1) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow users to visualize and analyze spatial data by linking geographical features to tabular data.
2) Pioneered in the 1960s, GIS has since become a valuable tool for epidemiology by allowing disease data to be mapped and analyzed in relation to environmental, demographic, and other spatial factors.
3) Key functions of GIS in spatial epidemiology include disease mapping, cluster detection, and risk analysis to better understand patterns and associations between disease occurrence and location.
The document summarizes a coastal vulnerability assessment conducted by Dr. Danika van Proosdij and Greg Baker in multiple locations. The assessment included field characterization of coastal features, modeling of coastal exposure under sea level rise scenarios, and analysis of communities' adaptive capacities. Key findings were that accommodation space is limited for relocation due to topography, and adaptation strategies should consider sediment budgets to avoid maladaptation. Recommendations included using vulnerability maps for community decision making, increasing education on coastal protection techniques, and integrating local knowledge into responses.
Augmented Reality: A New Geovisualisation Method for GISSung Hyun Jang
This document discusses using augmented reality as a new visualization method for geographic information systems (GIS) data. It provides background on trends in geovisualization, including moving from 2D to 3D and realistic visualization. The document reviews augmented reality definitions, history, and applications. The research aims to visualize geo-objects in ubiquitous environments using augmented reality to provide dynamic, real-time visualization of GIS data. Initial results demonstrate a GIS augmented reality map using ARTags and displaying University College London buildings in the Layar platform. Future work includes improving positioning techniques and developing new user interfaces and application scenarios.
Landslides are rock, earth, and debris flowing down slopes due to gravity. They are caused by heavy rains, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and other factors. Landslides can travel over 260 feet per second and cause damage by burying villages, closing roads, and breaking infrastructure. They commonly occur in areas with steep slopes, such as mountain ranges, river valleys, and coastal areas. On average, landslides cause 25 casualties per year in the U.S. and have resulted in disasters like the 1994 Nevado del Ruiz eruption that killed over 2,000 people in Colombia.
The document discusses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is a measure of vegetation health based on how plants reflect different wavelengths of light. It provides the formula for calculating NDVI using near-infrared and red light reflectance values. NDVI values range from -1 to 1, with higher values indicating denser vegetation. The document also outlines sources of NDVI data, how to create an NDVI map in ArcGIS, applications of NDVI such as monitoring climate change and agriculture, and concludes that NDVI is a useful measure of greenness.
This document provides an overview of issues related to transboundary waters. It discusses how water resources are shared across political boundaries, and analyzes the relationship between water and conflicts or cooperation among states. The document examines empirical evidence on factors that increase tensions or promote cooperation over water. It also explores international relations theories and legal frameworks regarding shared water resources. Finally, it discusses challenges and opportunities for managing transboundary waters in a context of global change.
WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT POSSIBILITIES IN CHAMARAJANAGAR TALUK...Prof. A.Balasubramanian
Any unplanned development and utilization of water resources with result in water scarcity. In many parts of the developing world. Such a situation exists. In order to do proper planning and
management of water resources, it is necessary to conduct detailed analyses of the factors, which influence the water availability and its uses. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis have been undertaken for proper utilization of water resources in Chamarajanagar Taluk, which has been identified as one of the drought hit districts of Karnataka, in India. The factors analysed in this work are, surface and groundwater availability, land use, cropping pattern, recharge potential of soils and the rainfall pattern in typical areas of Taluk. It is observed that the problem of water scarcity is mainly due to the lack of irrigation planning and management. Hence, a
modified cropping pattern is suggested by taking into consideration of all available water resources and other conditions.
Flood risk mapping using GIS and remote sensing and SARRohan Tuteja
This document summarizes a presentation on using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from RADARSAT-1 to map flooding in Kendrapara District, India. SAR data from four dates in September 2008 were used to map the spatial extent and temporal progression of flooding over time. Traditional flood mapping methods are time-consuming and difficult during floods, while SAR data can penetrate clouds and capture flooding regardless of weather conditions. The methodology involved preprocessing the SAR data, removing noise, correcting geometrically, and classifying images to map flooding and analyze how floodwaters spread over the four dates. Peak flooding occurred on September 22nd, affecting over 37,400 hectares. The results demonstrate how SAR data can effectively monitor flooding and inform disaster response
A landslide occurred in Malin village in India's Pune district in July 2014, killing at least 151 people. The landslide was believed to be caused by heavy rainfall and hit while residents were sleeping. A government scheme to level hill slopes for cultivation had resulted in widespread deforestation, loosening the soil and making the area prone to landslides when rains came. Rescue efforts were hampered by continued rains and poor road access.
Land suitability can be assessed as either actual (based on current conditions) or potential (after improvements). Actual suitability uses physical data from soil surveys, while potential accounts for improvements. Land use planning should suggest uses based on characteristics like soil, water resources, vegetation, existing use, and socioeconomics, without harming ecological balance. Geographic information systems (GIS) can create thematic maps for natural resource management and land suitability analysis by integrating remote sensing data, GPS, and digital soil maps produced using GIS technologies. GIS allows viewing and analysis of geographically referenced data in maps, globes, reports and charts.
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed Managementholegajendra
This document outlines the use of GIS in watershed management. It begins with defining key terms like watershed and explaining the need for watershed management to scientifically manage land and water resources. It then provides an overview of how GIS works by capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing and visualizing spatial data. The document presents a case study applying GIS to the Khuldabad watershed in India to delineate boundaries, create maps of terrain, land use and hydrological parameters to inform a development plan. It details the methodology used including collecting satellite data, creating base maps and analyzing the results.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and global positioning systems (GPS) for forest mapping and management. It explains that these technologies have revolutionized forest resource assessment by reducing time and costs. GIS is useful for tasks like resource management, harvest planning, fire management, and map production. RS provides accurate data over large areas, while GIS allows for spatial analysis and mapping. Together these tools provide crucial information for planning and managing forest resources. The document also outlines some future prospects and challenges for using these technologies in forestry.
Vispārēji atbalsta programmas nosacījumi uzņēmējiem - energoefektivitātei, atjaunojamiem energoresursiem un elektroauto iegādei / Gatis Silovs, Ekonomikas ministrija
Vebinārs "Energoefektivitāte un AER uzņēmumos. Atbalsta nosacījumi un finansējums"
2022.gada 1.novembris
video: https://youtu.be/wriWbhSY6Ck
Informācija par Atveseļošanas fonda atbalsta programmu ir šeit https://likumi.lv/ta/id/336032
Remote Sensing and GIS in Land Use / Land Cover MappingVenkatKamal1
This document discusses using remote sensing and GIS for land use/land cover mapping. It describes analyzing agricultural versus urban land to ensure development doesn't degrade farmland. Land cover refers to ground surface characteristics like vegetation or bare soil, while land use refers to how land is used, such as agriculture or recreation. The document outlines classification systems and criteria for remote sensing-based land use/land cover mapping. It also discusses digital classification techniques, global and national land use datasets, and applications of remote sensing for natural resource management and change detection analysis.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing spatial or geographic data. GIS integrates many types of data to help users visualize relationships and patterns and solve complex problems. It allows users to more efficiently analyze spatial relationships and make decisions across a wide range of sectors such as environmental management, transportation planning, facilities management and more. GIS uses mapping and analysis functions to help address challenges like pollution, deforestation, disasters and other issues with geographic components.
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Sumant Diwakar
This document discusses remote sensing and GIS applications for watershed management. It describes how remote sensing can be used to characterize watersheds by mapping attributes like size, shape, drainage patterns, geology, soil, land use, and groundwater potential. Remote sensing data can be integrated with socioeconomic data and used to delineate watershed boundaries, prioritize watersheds for development, and generate action plans. The document also outlines steps for watershed demarcation, characterization using tools like GEOMORIS, and prioritization using methods such as the sediment yield index.
The document discusses landslide disaster resilience town planning with a focus on landslides. It begins with an introduction and overview of landslides, their causes and impacts. It then provides background on landslide risk in India, particularly in the Himalayan region. The document presents a case study of Uttarakhand state, analyzing vulnerability profiles, population at risk, and highly landslide-prone areas. It recommends direct and indirect remedial measures for landslides and emphasizes a systematic planning and management approach involving preparation, response, and post-disaster stages.
1) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow users to visualize and analyze spatial data by linking geographical features to tabular data.
2) Pioneered in the 1960s, GIS has since become a valuable tool for epidemiology by allowing disease data to be mapped and analyzed in relation to environmental, demographic, and other spatial factors.
3) Key functions of GIS in spatial epidemiology include disease mapping, cluster detection, and risk analysis to better understand patterns and associations between disease occurrence and location.
The document summarizes a coastal vulnerability assessment conducted by Dr. Danika van Proosdij and Greg Baker in multiple locations. The assessment included field characterization of coastal features, modeling of coastal exposure under sea level rise scenarios, and analysis of communities' adaptive capacities. Key findings were that accommodation space is limited for relocation due to topography, and adaptation strategies should consider sediment budgets to avoid maladaptation. Recommendations included using vulnerability maps for community decision making, increasing education on coastal protection techniques, and integrating local knowledge into responses.
Augmented Reality: A New Geovisualisation Method for GISSung Hyun Jang
This document discusses using augmented reality as a new visualization method for geographic information systems (GIS) data. It provides background on trends in geovisualization, including moving from 2D to 3D and realistic visualization. The document reviews augmented reality definitions, history, and applications. The research aims to visualize geo-objects in ubiquitous environments using augmented reality to provide dynamic, real-time visualization of GIS data. Initial results demonstrate a GIS augmented reality map using ARTags and displaying University College London buildings in the Layar platform. Future work includes improving positioning techniques and developing new user interfaces and application scenarios.
Landslides are rock, earth, and debris flowing down slopes due to gravity. They are caused by heavy rains, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and other factors. Landslides can travel over 260 feet per second and cause damage by burying villages, closing roads, and breaking infrastructure. They commonly occur in areas with steep slopes, such as mountain ranges, river valleys, and coastal areas. On average, landslides cause 25 casualties per year in the U.S. and have resulted in disasters like the 1994 Nevado del Ruiz eruption that killed over 2,000 people in Colombia.
The document discusses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is a measure of vegetation health based on how plants reflect different wavelengths of light. It provides the formula for calculating NDVI using near-infrared and red light reflectance values. NDVI values range from -1 to 1, with higher values indicating denser vegetation. The document also outlines sources of NDVI data, how to create an NDVI map in ArcGIS, applications of NDVI such as monitoring climate change and agriculture, and concludes that NDVI is a useful measure of greenness.
This document provides an overview of issues related to transboundary waters. It discusses how water resources are shared across political boundaries, and analyzes the relationship between water and conflicts or cooperation among states. The document examines empirical evidence on factors that increase tensions or promote cooperation over water. It also explores international relations theories and legal frameworks regarding shared water resources. Finally, it discusses challenges and opportunities for managing transboundary waters in a context of global change.
WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT POSSIBILITIES IN CHAMARAJANAGAR TALUK...Prof. A.Balasubramanian
Any unplanned development and utilization of water resources with result in water scarcity. In many parts of the developing world. Such a situation exists. In order to do proper planning and
management of water resources, it is necessary to conduct detailed analyses of the factors, which influence the water availability and its uses. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis have been undertaken for proper utilization of water resources in Chamarajanagar Taluk, which has been identified as one of the drought hit districts of Karnataka, in India. The factors analysed in this work are, surface and groundwater availability, land use, cropping pattern, recharge potential of soils and the rainfall pattern in typical areas of Taluk. It is observed that the problem of water scarcity is mainly due to the lack of irrigation planning and management. Hence, a
modified cropping pattern is suggested by taking into consideration of all available water resources and other conditions.
Flood risk mapping using GIS and remote sensing and SARRohan Tuteja
This document summarizes a presentation on using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from RADARSAT-1 to map flooding in Kendrapara District, India. SAR data from four dates in September 2008 were used to map the spatial extent and temporal progression of flooding over time. Traditional flood mapping methods are time-consuming and difficult during floods, while SAR data can penetrate clouds and capture flooding regardless of weather conditions. The methodology involved preprocessing the SAR data, removing noise, correcting geometrically, and classifying images to map flooding and analyze how floodwaters spread over the four dates. Peak flooding occurred on September 22nd, affecting over 37,400 hectares. The results demonstrate how SAR data can effectively monitor flooding and inform disaster response
A landslide occurred in Malin village in India's Pune district in July 2014, killing at least 151 people. The landslide was believed to be caused by heavy rainfall and hit while residents were sleeping. A government scheme to level hill slopes for cultivation had resulted in widespread deforestation, loosening the soil and making the area prone to landslides when rains came. Rescue efforts were hampered by continued rains and poor road access.
Akių pratimai ir mankšta. Greitas būdas sustiprinti regėjimą ir atgaivinti pavargusias akis. Šios pratimus galite atlikti darbe, troleibuse bei namuose. Jie neužima daug laiko. Pradėkite dabar!
2. Pagrindiniai kenksmingi ir rizikos
veiksniai:
2023-10-08
elektros srovės poveikio pavojus;
elektromagnetinis spinduliavimas;
ozono dujos;
ekrano statinis elektros krūvis;
ekrano blyksniai;
sumažėjęs vaizdo ryškumas;
darbas sėdint;
netinkamai parinkti darbo baldai;
netinkamai sureguliuotas darbo vietos apšvietimas;
intelektualinė ir fizinė įtampa;
neracionalus darbo ir poilsio rėžimas.
3. Veiksmai darbo metu(1)
2023-10-08
Draudžiama darbo metu įjungto kompiuterio švytintį monitorių liesti
pirštais, valyti
Darbo metu mokiniai turi elgtis labai atsargiai, kad kompiuteris
nebūtų atsitiktinai nustumtas nuo stalo, aplietas vandeniu ar kitokiu
skysčiu, kad į monitoriaus ekraną neatsitrenktų ir nesudaužytų jo
atsitiktinai perstumiami kieti daiktai
Kuriuos kompiuterius darbo pertraukų metu ir nedarbo metu būtina
išjungti, pasako mokytojas.
Draudžiama darbo vietą užgriozdinti, prišiukšlinti popieriaus
atliekomis, valgyti, gerti gėrimus darbo vietoje.
Draudžiama kompiuterio klaviatūros mygtukus spausti šlapiais ir
riebaluotais pirštais. Nereikia stipriai spaudyti klavišų.
4. Veiksmai darbo metu(2)
2023-10-08
Dirbant lazeriniam spausdintuvui, turi būti įjungta vėdinimo sistema,
o jeigu tokios nėra, reikia užtikrinti patalpos natūralų vėdinimą.
Jeigu tinkluose staiga dingo elektros srovė, kompiuterį reikia išjungti.
Darbą kompiuteriu reikia nutraukti, jeigu:
sugedo kištuko šakutė , rozetė, kabelis ar jo prijungimas prie
kompiuterio;
Monitoriaus ekrane girdisi charakteringas elektros iškrovos traškesys;
kompiuteris skleidžia charakteringą degančiai izoliacijai kvapą, iš jo
rūksta dūmai;
darbo metu mokiniai turi sekti kompiuterio, jo pagalbinių įrenginių,
kabelio būklę ir pastebėjęs kokius nors gedimus nutraukti darbą ir
pranešti apie tai mokytojui.
5. Elgesio taisyklės informatikos pamokoje
2023-10-08
Mokiniai įleidžiami į kabinetą tik mokytojui leidus.
Darbą galima pradėti tik mokytojui leidus. Darbo metu reikia laikytis
visų darbo saugos taisyklių.
Mokiniai neturi teisės kaip nors remontuoti kompiuterį, nuimti jo
apvalkalą ar atskirus dangčius, remontuoti srovės tiekimo kabelį ir
kt.
Griežtai draudžiama savavališkai (be mokytojo leidimo) diegti bet
kokią programinę įrangą.
Dirti kompiuteriu galima prisijungus tik prie savo vartotojo
abonento.
Baigus darbą nepamirškite išsiregistruoti iš savo vartotojo abonento.
BŪKITE DĖMESINGI IR ATIDŪS!
7. Sveika darbo aplinka ir teisingi įgūdžiai(1)
2023-10-08
Darbo kėdė. Darbo kėdė turi būti patogi ir reguliuojama.
Turi būti galimybė reguliuoti sėdynės aukštį ir nugaros
atlošo padėtį.
Vaizduoklis. Vaizduoklis turi stovėti taip, kad jūsų akys
būtų viename aukštyje su viršutine ekrano dalimi.
Optimalus žiūrėjimo atstumas nemažiau 50 cm.
Dirbdami su kompiuteriu periodiškai nukreipkite žvilgsnį
nuo ekrano į tolimesnį objektą, o taip pat nežiūrėkite į jį iš
per daug mažo atstumo.
8. Sveika darbo aplinka ir teisingi įgūdžiai (2)
2023-10-08
Klaviatūra. Naudokite kokybišką klaviatūrą. Jeigu
spausdinate daug, tai naudokite rankoms padėkliuką,
kurio paskirtis sumažinti įtampą (krūvį) pirštų sąnariuose.
Kojų padėtis. Dirbdami su kompiuteriu galite naudoti
kojoms atramą.
Darbas su pele. Dirbdami su pele naudokite kilimėlį.
Užtikrinkite, kad naudotis pele būtų pakankami vietos.
Jeigu ranka ar pirštai dirbdami su pele pavargo, padarykite
pertraukėlę arba pamankštinkite rankas.
9. Sveika darbo aplinka ir teisingi įgūdžiai (3)
2023-10-08
Darbo pertraukėlės. Dirbdami su kompiuteriu
reguliariai ir pakankamai dažnai darykite pertraukėles.
Kiti faktoriai. Užtikrinkite, kad vieta, kur stovi jūsų
kompiuteris būtų tinkamai apšviesta ir vėdinama.
Ventiliacija yra ypatingai svarbi, jeigu naudojatės lazeriniu
spausdintuvu, nes dirbdamas jis išskiria ozoną.
10. Patarimai:
2023-10-08
prie kompiuterio reikia įsitaisyti patogiai,
neįsitempti, pagal galimybes susirasti tinkamą
kėdę - su atlošu, ne per aukštą ir ne per žemą;
kojas reikėtų laisvai nuleisti ant grindų arba
remtis į kokią nors atramą;
vaizduoklio ekrano vidurys turi būti akių lygyje,
maždaug 50-60 cm nuotoliu;
11. 2023-10-08
rankos sulenktos per alkūnes 90° kampu ir laisvai padėtos
ant klaviatūros, alkūnėmis į stalą nesiremiama;
klavišus reikia spaudyti švelniai, netrankyti (tada pirštų
neskaudės);
pelė laikoma apgaubta delnu ir tolygiai sukiojama ant
specialaus padėklo ar stalo paviršiaus;
būtina daryti pertraukas: kas 20-40 minučių atitraukti akis
nuo ekrano, pakeisti rankų padėtį, geriausia, jei galima,
pavaikštinėti.
Patarimai:
12. Sveikatai žalingi darbo su
kompiuteriu veiksniai
1. Regos sistemos perkrovos.
2. Netinkamas sėdėjimas.
3. Psichologinė įtampa.
13. Įtemptai dirbant, žmogui gali imti skaudėti ar svaigti galva,
gali nusilpti regėjimas, neretai išsivysto trumparegystė.
Mažiausiai vargina akis dideli spalvoti vaizdai.
Labai kenkia akims darbas su kompiuteriu prieblandoje.
14. Patarimai regos sistemos pervargimui mažinti:
• Trumpinti darbo su kompiuteriu trukmę. Idealus
atsipalaidavimas per pertraukles – tai fizinis
aktyvumas, t.y. pasivaikšciojimas, žaidimas lauke ir
pan.
15. • Rekomenduojami nesudėtingi
pratimai akims: stebėti matymo
zonoje judančius objektus,
sukoncentruoti žvilgsnį į nutolusius
daiktus.
• Labai svarbu imtis priemonių
atspindžiams nuo ekrano sumažinti.
16. Netinkama sėdima poza
Nepatogiai sėdint, iš arti stebint ekraną ir laikant rankas
ant klaviatūros, kūnas gana įtemptas, ir dėl to gali kilti
negalavimai:
•pasunkėjes kvėpavimas
•osteochondrozė
•chroniški uždegimai
17. A - netinkamai sėdintis žmogus, B - tinkamai sėdintis žmogus
18. Psichinė įtampa
Psichinė itampa – trečias kenksmingas
veiksnys. Dirbant su kompiuteriu tenka labai
susikaupti. Nemaža psichinė apkrovą sukelia netgi
kompiuteriniai žaidimai.
Kompiuteris – intelektinio darbo įrankis,ir
dirbant su juo reikia sutelkti dėmesį bei protą.
19. Patarimai, kaip sumažinti stresą:
1. Atsisėskite ant kėdės – nugara laikykite
tiesiai, į atlošą nesiremkite, kojas tvirtai
įremkite į grindis. Pakelkite rankas. Kaire
ranka imkite dešinės rankos riešą ir
neskubėdami lenkite rankas į šoną.
20. Patarimai, kaip sumažinti stresą:
2023-10-08
2. Atsisėskite ant kėdės krašto, rankas
sudėkite už nugaros ant liemens.
Išsitieskite, pečius atloškite,
įsitempkite ir suskaičiuokite iki 5.
21. Patarimai, kaip sumažinti stresą:
2023-10-08
3. Atsisėskite ant kėdės, apglėbkite
vieną kelį rankomis, pakelkite jį
aukštyn. Keldami kelį neskubėdami
suskaičiuokite iki 5.
22. Patarimai, kaip sumažinti stresą:
4. Atsisėskite, išsitieskite pasukite
liemenį į vieną pusę. Rankas
priglauskite prie to šono, į kurią pusę
tuo metu pasisuksite. Suskaičiuokite
iki 5, po to pasisukite į kitą pusę.
23. Patarimai, kaip sumažinti stresą:
5. Pakelkite ištiestas kojas horizontaliai
ir sukryžiuokite jas. Suskaičiuokite iki 5
ir sukryžiuokite priešingai.
24. Patarimai, kaip sumažinti stresą:
2023-10-08
6. Atsisėskite ant kėdės krašto,
pražerkite kojas. Pasilenkite žemyn,
kiek galite. Suskaičiuokite iki 5.
25. Patarimai, kaip sumažinti stresą:
2023-10-08
7. Atsistokite už kėdės ir pasilenkite,
laikydamiesi ištiestomis rankomis už
kėdės atlošo. Žiurėkite žemyn.
Įtempkite ir lėtai ražykite pečius bei
liemenį.
26. Kiekvieną pratimą pakartokite po 4–5
kartus. Baigę pratimus atpalaiduokite visus
kūno raumenis.
Pertraukos. Mūsų kūnas nepritaikytas dirbti
klaviatūra ar pele ištisas valandas. Padarykite
pertrauką ir pasitraukite nuo kompiuterio kas
30 minučių.
27. Išvados
Kompiuteris ir virtuali erdvė gali suteikti daug
malonumo, tačiau tai neprilygsta nuotykiams ir
kasdieniniams užsiėmimams. Nepasiklyskite
kibernetinėje erdvėje!
Tyrinėkite realų aplinkinį pasaulį!
32. Pirmojo semestro rekomenduojamų temų
sąrašas
Informacija kompiuteryje
Informacija. Informacijos rūšys. Grafinė, garsinė, vaizdinė
Informacijos rūšys. Tekstinė, skaitinė. Informaciniai procesai
Dvejetainis kodas
Teksto kodavimas
Grafinės informacijos kodavimas
Garsinės informacijos kodavimas
Skaičiavimo sistemos
Dešimtainė skaičiavimo sistema.
Skaičių vertimas iš dešimtainės skaičiavimo sistemos į dvejetainę ir atvirkščiai
Ir dar apie skaičiavimo sistemas. Dvejetainių skaičių sudėtis
Informacijos kiekio matavimas. Laikmenos
Informacijos kiekio matavimo vienetai kompiuteryje. Kompiuterinės informacijos
saugyklos
Laikmenų rūšys ir talpa. Standieji diskai
Laikmenų rūšys ir talpa. Magnetinis optinis diskas. CD ir skaitmeninis vaizdo diskas
Laikmenų rūšys ir talpa. Atmintukas. Atminties kortelės
