In 1975 bezoekt koning Boudewijn Saoedi-Arabië. Dat land eist van België dat er geen Joodse journalisten meereizen. Om dat aan te tonen, moeten ze een doopcertificaat overhandigen.
Over het dossier Eurosystem Hospitalier (ESH) is het laatste woord nog niet gezegd. Zo blijkt uit een telex uit 1976 dat Kissinger het dossier opvolgde.
The document discusses Belgium agreeing to allow the opening of a Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) information office in Brussels. The Egyptian deputy chief of mission informed the US embassy that the Belgian government approved the office, which would be led by Naim Khadar, the current PLO representative operating out of the Arab League office. The Belgian Foreign Ministry director for Middle Eastern affairs also confirmed that Belgium was "closer" to having a PLO office, possibly by the end of the summer. He stated it would represent recognition of the "de facto situation" in Brussels but not formal recognition of the PLO or imply special status.
Service Military Alexander Mackenzie Bart 1841.Txt.XhtmlHOME
This document summarizes the military career of Sir Alexander Mackenzie Bart from 1824 to 1841. It details his arrival in India in 1824 and various appointments, leaves of absence and promotions over the years, including being found guilty of using indecent language on a ship in 1826. It notes he was recognized as a baronet in 1828 and eventually appointed to the Commissariat Department in Afghanistan in 1840 before dying in Calcutta in 1841.
This document summarizes political developments in Belgium ahead of the country's 1974 parliamentary elections. It notes that Flemish nationalist and Wallonian regionalist parties were expected to gain seats by advocating for more regional autonomy. However, the embassy assessed that increased federalism would continue and saw no threat to Belgian territorial integrity from separatist movements. The document also describes a televised debate between leaders of the main Flemish parties on the issue of federalism.
VATICAN INITIATIVE AT AUGSBURG TO PROMOTE EUROPEAN UNITYThierry Debels
"MEETING WILL BE HELD UNDER AUSPICES OF FRANZ JOSEF STRAUSS OF BAVERIA. PRINCIPAL PARTICIPANTS WILL BE TINDEMANS, BENELLI, CARDINAL HOEFNER, KOHL AND STRAUSS.
The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the indictment charging them with violating export control laws. They argue that the language of the US Munitions List regulating the export of military equipment is unconstitutionally vague and does not provide fair notice of what requires an export license. Specifically, the list does not enumerate the exact parts the defendants were charged with exporting. This violates the due process requirement that criminal statutes define the prohibited conduct clearly. The defendants therefore could not have known their actions were illegal.
The defendant is disclosing an expert witness, William L. Clements, to testify in their case. Clements will testify about the ambiguity of International Trading in Arms Regulations and the scope of the United States Munitions List. Specifically, he will state that the regulations do not enumerate specific military parts and that manufacturer input is needed to determine if a part is for military use. Clements will also testify that some commercial parts may be included in military aircraft, so the use alone does not determine regulatory status. The defense is seeking additional expert witnesses on military aircraft parts and manufacturing.
Over het dossier Eurosystem Hospitalier (ESH) is het laatste woord nog niet gezegd. Zo blijkt uit een telex uit 1976 dat Kissinger het dossier opvolgde.
The document discusses Belgium agreeing to allow the opening of a Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) information office in Brussels. The Egyptian deputy chief of mission informed the US embassy that the Belgian government approved the office, which would be led by Naim Khadar, the current PLO representative operating out of the Arab League office. The Belgian Foreign Ministry director for Middle Eastern affairs also confirmed that Belgium was "closer" to having a PLO office, possibly by the end of the summer. He stated it would represent recognition of the "de facto situation" in Brussels but not formal recognition of the PLO or imply special status.
Service Military Alexander Mackenzie Bart 1841.Txt.XhtmlHOME
This document summarizes the military career of Sir Alexander Mackenzie Bart from 1824 to 1841. It details his arrival in India in 1824 and various appointments, leaves of absence and promotions over the years, including being found guilty of using indecent language on a ship in 1826. It notes he was recognized as a baronet in 1828 and eventually appointed to the Commissariat Department in Afghanistan in 1840 before dying in Calcutta in 1841.
This document summarizes political developments in Belgium ahead of the country's 1974 parliamentary elections. It notes that Flemish nationalist and Wallonian regionalist parties were expected to gain seats by advocating for more regional autonomy. However, the embassy assessed that increased federalism would continue and saw no threat to Belgian territorial integrity from separatist movements. The document also describes a televised debate between leaders of the main Flemish parties on the issue of federalism.
VATICAN INITIATIVE AT AUGSBURG TO PROMOTE EUROPEAN UNITYThierry Debels
"MEETING WILL BE HELD UNDER AUSPICES OF FRANZ JOSEF STRAUSS OF BAVERIA. PRINCIPAL PARTICIPANTS WILL BE TINDEMANS, BENELLI, CARDINAL HOEFNER, KOHL AND STRAUSS.
The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the indictment charging them with violating export control laws. They argue that the language of the US Munitions List regulating the export of military equipment is unconstitutionally vague and does not provide fair notice of what requires an export license. Specifically, the list does not enumerate the exact parts the defendants were charged with exporting. This violates the due process requirement that criminal statutes define the prohibited conduct clearly. The defendants therefore could not have known their actions were illegal.
The defendant is disclosing an expert witness, William L. Clements, to testify in their case. Clements will testify about the ambiguity of International Trading in Arms Regulations and the scope of the United States Munitions List. Specifically, he will state that the regulations do not enumerate specific military parts and that manufacturer input is needed to determine if a part is for military use. Clements will also testify that some commercial parts may be included in military aircraft, so the use alone does not determine regulatory status. The defense is seeking additional expert witnesses on military aircraft parts and manufacturing.
EUROSYSTEM FINANCIAL SCANDAL: THE SAUDIS CAN AFFORD IT, BUT CAN THE BELGIANS?Thierry Debels
SINCE MID-JULY 1979, BELGIAN BUSINESS CIRCLES HAVE BEEN SHAKEN - AND NEWSPAPER DEVOTEES OF
SCANDAL TITILLATED - WITH THE UNFOLDING DETAILS OF THE $1.2 BILLION EUROSYSTEM HOSPITALIER CONSTRUCTION SCANDAL IN SAUDI ARABIA.
SAUDI ARABIA FAVORED COMPREHENSIVE SETTLEMENT OF ARAB-ISRAEL PROBLEMThierry Debels
The document summarizes a briefing by the Saudi Deputy Foreign Minister to various ambassadors about Saudi Arabia's position regarding the Baghdad II summit. The Saudi minister indicated that Saudi Arabia had supported US peace efforts on the condition of a complete Israeli withdrawal and Palestinian rights. However, Egypt did not stick to these conditions so Saudi Arabia withdrew its support. The minister also discussed Saudi Arabia's attempt to limit sanctions against Egypt and their distinction between the country and its people. Saudi Arabia agreed to withdraw ambassadors from Egypt but would keep other staff to represent Saudi interests.
BELGIAN GOVERNMENT INTEREST IN OIL PURCHASESThierry Debels
BASED ON TWO REPORTS OF BELGIAN INTEREST IN OIL
PURCHASES (REFTELS), WE WERE ABLE TO PUT DIRECT QUESTION TO WELL-PLACED ECONOMICS MINISTRY OFFICIAL, CITING REPORTS FROM "SEVERAL" US EMBASSIES. OUR SOURCE GROANED AND TOLD US "THE WHOLE STORY".
ON APRIL 2 1977 THE SECRETARY CYRUS VANCE MET FOR 80 MINUTES PRIVATELY AT THE RESIDENCE IN PARIS WITH BELGIAN FOREIGN MINISTER VAN ELSLANDE AT THE LATTER'S REQUEST. VAN ELSLANDE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY HIS PERSONAL AIDE, VAN BELLINGHEN. UNDER
SECRETARY HABIB ALSO ATTENDED.
PATERNOTTE ADMITTED THAT THERE WERE "CERTAINLY"
BELGIAN ARMS AND AMMO IN LEBANON CURRENTLY AND CITED THE FAL AUTOMATIC RIFLE MANUFACTURED BY FABRIQUE NATIONAL AT LIEGE.
US CONVERSATION ON MIDEAST WITH TINDEMANS IN '73Thierry Debels
I WENT ON TO EMPHASIZE THAT, SINCE THE ARABS KNOW THAT ONLY THE US CAN HELP BRING ABOUT A POLITICAL SETTLEMENT, EUROPEAN DISSOCIATION FROM THE US AND CAPITULATION TO THE ARABS NOT ONLY WOULD NOT ENSURE EUROPE'S OIL SUPPLY BUT COULD ENHANCE
SOVIET INFLUENCE. TINDEMANS EXPRESSED FULL AGREEMENT ON THIS POINT AND INTIMATED THAT, IN THE CABINET, HE HAD OPPOSED THE PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ARMS EMBARGO. I ALSO REVIEWED US EFFORTS TO CONSULT WITH OUR EUROPEAN ALLIES THROUGHOUT THE CRISIS,
NOTED THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS SURROUNDING THE ALERT OF US FORCES
LAST WEEK, AND POINTED OUT OUR INTENTION TO ENSURE EVEN FULLER
AND FASTER CONSULTATIONS IN THE FUTURE.
GASTON EYSKENS: 'THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A UNITED EUROPE'Thierry Debels
The document summarizes a conversation between a US embassy official and former Belgian Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens regarding US-European relations. Eyskens praised Secretary of State Kissinger's recent speech but was skeptical that European countries could speak with one voice. He argued the best format for US-EC discussions would be a meeting between the US President and European heads of state due to disagreements between France and other members. Eyskens also expressed concern that Belgium may lose influence in foreign affairs under its new socialist government.
GRANTEE LOUIS TOBBACK: SECURITY CLEARANCES 1979Thierry Debels
WE REALIZE THAT THE FOREGOING PLACES CONSTRAINTS
ON THE PROGRAM PROVIDED TO MR. TOBBACK ON HIS
VARIOUS VISITS AND APPOINTMENTS. HOWEVER, GIVEN THE
VISITOR'S POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON DEFENSE ISSUES HERE, WE STRONGLY URGE THAT U.S. AGENCIES AND OFFICIALS ON HIS SCHEDULE MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO BE AS FORTHCOMING AS POSSIBLE WITHIN SECURITY GUIDELINES AND NOT RELY SIMPLY ON PRE-PACKAGED UNCLASSIFIED BRIEFINGS.
SOVIETS TRIED TO MASSAGE MARTENS ABOUT AFGHANISTANThierry Debels
THE SOVIET AMBASSADOR MADE A DEMARCHE TO
BELGIAN PRIME MINISTER MARTENS DECEMBER 28 ATTEMPTING TO EXPLAIN THE SOVIET INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN (TRANSLATION OF DEMARCHE IS IN PARA. 11). SOVIETS ALSO MADE A SIMILAR
EXPLANATION TO US WHICH PROVIDED US THE OPPORTUNITY TO
ELICIT FURTHER SOVIET VIEWS, AS WELL AS TO INDICATE THE
LEVEL OF CONCERN. THE SOVIETS SOUGHT TO BLAME CHINA,
PAKISTAN AND THE US FOR FOMENTING THE INTERNAL PROBLEMS
IN AFGHANISTAN WHICH NECESSITATED THE INTERVENTION. THEY
ALSO INSISTED THAT KARMAL WOULD BE MORE MODERATE IN BOTH
HIS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLICIES AND ADMITTED THAT IT
WAS NECESSARY TO REMOVE AMIN BECAUSE OF HIS DISASTROUS
INTERNAL POLICIES WHICH THEY COMPARED WITH IDI AMIN'S IN
UGANDA. T
TOBBACK IS A NOT PROFOUNDLY KNOWLEDGEABLE STUDENT OF DEFENSE ISSUESThierry Debels
1. LOUIS TOBBACK, OUTSPOKEN FLEMISH SOCIALIST
PARTY SPECIALIST ON DEFENSE ISSUES, WILL BE IN
WASHINGTON APPROXIMATELY SEPTEMBER 5-15 AT THE
OUTSET OF AN INTERNATIONAL VISITOR TOUR OF THE
US. HE IS BEING PROGRAMMED BY USICICE.
2. TOBBACK WAS THE LOWER HOUSE MEMBER WHO PUT THE
LOADED QUESTIONS TO FOREIGN MINISTER SIMONET IN THE
BRIEF PARLIAMENTARY SKIRMISH ON TNF IN LATE JUNE.
HIS ATTITUDE WILL WEIGH SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE
EVENTUAL FORMULATION OF THE BELGIAN SOCIALIST
POSITION ON TNF.
3. RECOMMEND TOT AARON OR APPROPRIATE OTHER TNF
SPECIALIST TAKE ADVANTAGE OF TOBBACK'S FORTHCOMING
PRESENCE IN WASHINGTON TO EXPAND HIS MASTERY OF THE
SUBJECT BY MEANS OF A PERSONAL MEETING AND DISCUSSION.
TOBBACK IS AN EARNEST BUT NOT PROFOUNDLY KNOWLEDGEABLE
STUDENT OF DEFENSE ISSUES
This document summarizes a meeting between a US embassy official and the Belgian Economics Minister Oleffe regarding replacing Belgium's F-104 fighter aircraft. The official pitched the F-16 to Oleffe, emphasizing its lower costs. Oleffe asked about a recent trip by the Dutch Defense Minister to Washington and wanted guarantees about Belgian industry participation in F-16 production. The official requested information from Washington to address Oleffe's concerns.
DID PRINCE BERNHARD SELL SECRET PLANS OF THE DUTCH DEFENSE SYSTEM?Thierry Debels
IN THE FALL OF 1978 THE PRINCE WAS THE SUBJECT OF FURTHER UNFAVORABLE PUBLICITY RESULTING FROM THE ALLEGATION IN A JOURNAL THAT A) HE HAD SOLD SECRET PLANS OF THE DUTCH DEFENSE SYSTEM TO THE GERMANS IN 1938, AND B) THAT HE HAD OFFERED BY LETTER IN 1942 TO BECOME GAULEITER OF THE NETHERLANDS, KEEPING THE COUNTRY UNDER CONTROL FOR THE NAZIS.
Spanje zette Belgische parlementsleden uit het landThierry Debels
Belgiê heeft altijd een moeilijke relatie gehad met Spanje. Zo zette Spanje Belgische parlementsleden uit het land. "THEY STRESSED THAT BELGIUM WAS NOT ANTI-SPANISH, BUT THAT BELGIUM WAS AND REMAINED STRONGLY ANTI-FRANCO. THIS POSITION BEGAN DURING THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (IN WHICH MANY BELGIANS PARTICIPATED), WAS REINFORCED BY FRANCO'S LINKS WITH NAZI GERMANY AND THE DIFFICULTIES CAUSED BELGIAN WWII REFUGEES TRANSITTING SPAIN, CONTINUED AFTER WWII WHEN FRANCO PROVIDED THE BELGIAN TRAITOR DEGRELLE WITH SAFEHAVEN, AND CONTINUE TO THE PRESENT WITH REPEATED SPANISH OFFICIAL OBJECTIONS TO BELGIANS
STATE-OWNED RADIO PROGRAMS, BANNINGS OF BELGIAN FILMS AND EXPULSIONS OF BELGIAN PARLIAMENTARIANS."
PRIVATE MEETING BETWEEN ARAFAT AND KREISKY - US BRIEFINGThierry Debels
Chancellor Kreisky briefed Ambassador Wolf on his meetings with Yasser Arafat, relaying the following key points:
1. The PLO is now willing to co-exist with Israel if an independent Palestinian state is established in the West Bank and Gaza, and if Israel clarifies its regional role.
2. Arafat supports the 1977 Vance-Gromyko plan as a basis for negotiations and would attend a conference based on this plan involving the PLO, Israel, Syria, Jordan and Egypt.
3. Kreisky observed that Arafat seemed changed, more frank and flexible than in previous meetings, searching for more respectability and solutions to the Palestinian issue.
This document summarizes a diplomatic cable from the US Embassy in Brussels discussing troubling trends in the Christian People's Party (CVP) of Belgium regarding international policies. The cable relays conversations with elder CVP statesmen who express concern about the growing influence of a more pacifist, neutralist faction within the party that opposes NATO membership. While assurances are given that the upcoming party congress will likely reaffirm traditional foreign policies, the statesmen see this as a symptom of broader changes in Belgian and European society that could undermine political stability over the long term.
This document discusses the level of corruption in Brazil based on a US embassy report. It finds that while corruption is widespread, views on it are changing as democratic institutions evolve. Many practices seen as corrupt abroad are culturally ingrained in Brazil. An anti-corruption president has still faced issues of corruption in his administration. The document outlines common forms of corruption like electoral fraud, the use of middlemen, bribery, and nepotism, but notes the definition of corruption differs from US standards and some behaviors are not illegal. Overall the level of corruption has been steady but open media and new laws aim to address it, though significant cultural changes are still needed.
BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION AND FATAH FUNDED BY ARAB GOVERNMENTSThierry Debels
ONLY A VERY SMALL NUMBER OF PALESTINIANS ARE INVOLVED IN TERRORISM, AND MANY ARAB COUNTRIES HAVE EITHER CONDEMNED THESE ACTIVITIES OR DISSOCIATED THEMSELVES FROM THEM. NEVERTHELESS,
THE BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION, AND ITS
PARENT BODY THE FATAH, CONTINUE TO BE SUPPLIED WITH FUNDS FROM ARAB GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR CITIZENS AND TO RECEIVE OTHER FORMS OF SUPPORT, EVEN FROM THOSE ARAB GOVERNMENTS WHICH PUBLICLY CONDEMN TERRORISM.
IT IS KNOWN, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT THE PREPARATION AND
THE EXECUTION OF THE BLACK SEPTEMBER OPERATION WHICH LED TO THE MURDER OF AMERICAN AND BELGIAN DIPLOMATS WERE CONDUCTED FROM THE SOIL OF SEVERAL ARAB STATES.
LETTER FROM SECRETARY BROWN TO VANDEN BOEYNANTSThierry Debels
WE FULLY RECOGNIZE THE KEY ROLE THAT BELGIUM PLAYED IN FORMING THE F-16 CONSORTIUM, WHICH WILL BE SO IMPORTANT IN THE STRENGTHENING OF ALLIANCE AIR CAPABILITIES. AND, OF COURSE, YOU PERSONALLY CARRIED THE DAY IN PRESERVING BELGIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE HAWK BELT.
F-16 PROGRAM - QUESTIONS BY BELGIAN GOVERNMENTThierry Debels
THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT IS CONCERNED ABOUT THE
FUTURE OF THE F-16 PROGRAM. THIS CONCERN WAS BROUGHT ABOUT BY ISSUES RAISED BY THE GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE AND BY RUMORS CIRCULATING THROUGH VARIOUS CHANNELS WITHIN BELGIUM TODAY.
MOBUTU: "CONTROL BY SMALL BELGIUM OF BIG ZAIRE WAS AN ACCIDENT OF HISTORY"Thierry Debels
The document summarizes a two hour speech given by Mobutu Sese Seko on May 19, 1974 in Kinshasa, Zaire to mark the 7th anniversary of the Popular Movement of the Revolution party. In the speech, Mobutu announced that 501 criminals, including 48 assassins accused of recent murders, had been arrested. Mobutu acknowledged recent crime issues in Kinshasa but stated that security has been restored. He also addressed issues of Zairianization of foreign businesses, high prices, gasoline prices increases, Zaire's foreign relations and support for African liberation movements.
EUROSYSTEM FINANCIAL SCANDAL: THE SAUDIS CAN AFFORD IT, BUT CAN THE BELGIANS?Thierry Debels
SINCE MID-JULY 1979, BELGIAN BUSINESS CIRCLES HAVE BEEN SHAKEN - AND NEWSPAPER DEVOTEES OF
SCANDAL TITILLATED - WITH THE UNFOLDING DETAILS OF THE $1.2 BILLION EUROSYSTEM HOSPITALIER CONSTRUCTION SCANDAL IN SAUDI ARABIA.
SAUDI ARABIA FAVORED COMPREHENSIVE SETTLEMENT OF ARAB-ISRAEL PROBLEMThierry Debels
The document summarizes a briefing by the Saudi Deputy Foreign Minister to various ambassadors about Saudi Arabia's position regarding the Baghdad II summit. The Saudi minister indicated that Saudi Arabia had supported US peace efforts on the condition of a complete Israeli withdrawal and Palestinian rights. However, Egypt did not stick to these conditions so Saudi Arabia withdrew its support. The minister also discussed Saudi Arabia's attempt to limit sanctions against Egypt and their distinction between the country and its people. Saudi Arabia agreed to withdraw ambassadors from Egypt but would keep other staff to represent Saudi interests.
BELGIAN GOVERNMENT INTEREST IN OIL PURCHASESThierry Debels
BASED ON TWO REPORTS OF BELGIAN INTEREST IN OIL
PURCHASES (REFTELS), WE WERE ABLE TO PUT DIRECT QUESTION TO WELL-PLACED ECONOMICS MINISTRY OFFICIAL, CITING REPORTS FROM "SEVERAL" US EMBASSIES. OUR SOURCE GROANED AND TOLD US "THE WHOLE STORY".
ON APRIL 2 1977 THE SECRETARY CYRUS VANCE MET FOR 80 MINUTES PRIVATELY AT THE RESIDENCE IN PARIS WITH BELGIAN FOREIGN MINISTER VAN ELSLANDE AT THE LATTER'S REQUEST. VAN ELSLANDE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY HIS PERSONAL AIDE, VAN BELLINGHEN. UNDER
SECRETARY HABIB ALSO ATTENDED.
PATERNOTTE ADMITTED THAT THERE WERE "CERTAINLY"
BELGIAN ARMS AND AMMO IN LEBANON CURRENTLY AND CITED THE FAL AUTOMATIC RIFLE MANUFACTURED BY FABRIQUE NATIONAL AT LIEGE.
US CONVERSATION ON MIDEAST WITH TINDEMANS IN '73Thierry Debels
I WENT ON TO EMPHASIZE THAT, SINCE THE ARABS KNOW THAT ONLY THE US CAN HELP BRING ABOUT A POLITICAL SETTLEMENT, EUROPEAN DISSOCIATION FROM THE US AND CAPITULATION TO THE ARABS NOT ONLY WOULD NOT ENSURE EUROPE'S OIL SUPPLY BUT COULD ENHANCE
SOVIET INFLUENCE. TINDEMANS EXPRESSED FULL AGREEMENT ON THIS POINT AND INTIMATED THAT, IN THE CABINET, HE HAD OPPOSED THE PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ARMS EMBARGO. I ALSO REVIEWED US EFFORTS TO CONSULT WITH OUR EUROPEAN ALLIES THROUGHOUT THE CRISIS,
NOTED THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS SURROUNDING THE ALERT OF US FORCES
LAST WEEK, AND POINTED OUT OUR INTENTION TO ENSURE EVEN FULLER
AND FASTER CONSULTATIONS IN THE FUTURE.
GASTON EYSKENS: 'THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A UNITED EUROPE'Thierry Debels
The document summarizes a conversation between a US embassy official and former Belgian Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens regarding US-European relations. Eyskens praised Secretary of State Kissinger's recent speech but was skeptical that European countries could speak with one voice. He argued the best format for US-EC discussions would be a meeting between the US President and European heads of state due to disagreements between France and other members. Eyskens also expressed concern that Belgium may lose influence in foreign affairs under its new socialist government.
GRANTEE LOUIS TOBBACK: SECURITY CLEARANCES 1979Thierry Debels
WE REALIZE THAT THE FOREGOING PLACES CONSTRAINTS
ON THE PROGRAM PROVIDED TO MR. TOBBACK ON HIS
VARIOUS VISITS AND APPOINTMENTS. HOWEVER, GIVEN THE
VISITOR'S POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON DEFENSE ISSUES HERE, WE STRONGLY URGE THAT U.S. AGENCIES AND OFFICIALS ON HIS SCHEDULE MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO BE AS FORTHCOMING AS POSSIBLE WITHIN SECURITY GUIDELINES AND NOT RELY SIMPLY ON PRE-PACKAGED UNCLASSIFIED BRIEFINGS.
SOVIETS TRIED TO MASSAGE MARTENS ABOUT AFGHANISTANThierry Debels
THE SOVIET AMBASSADOR MADE A DEMARCHE TO
BELGIAN PRIME MINISTER MARTENS DECEMBER 28 ATTEMPTING TO EXPLAIN THE SOVIET INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN (TRANSLATION OF DEMARCHE IS IN PARA. 11). SOVIETS ALSO MADE A SIMILAR
EXPLANATION TO US WHICH PROVIDED US THE OPPORTUNITY TO
ELICIT FURTHER SOVIET VIEWS, AS WELL AS TO INDICATE THE
LEVEL OF CONCERN. THE SOVIETS SOUGHT TO BLAME CHINA,
PAKISTAN AND THE US FOR FOMENTING THE INTERNAL PROBLEMS
IN AFGHANISTAN WHICH NECESSITATED THE INTERVENTION. THEY
ALSO INSISTED THAT KARMAL WOULD BE MORE MODERATE IN BOTH
HIS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLICIES AND ADMITTED THAT IT
WAS NECESSARY TO REMOVE AMIN BECAUSE OF HIS DISASTROUS
INTERNAL POLICIES WHICH THEY COMPARED WITH IDI AMIN'S IN
UGANDA. T
TOBBACK IS A NOT PROFOUNDLY KNOWLEDGEABLE STUDENT OF DEFENSE ISSUESThierry Debels
1. LOUIS TOBBACK, OUTSPOKEN FLEMISH SOCIALIST
PARTY SPECIALIST ON DEFENSE ISSUES, WILL BE IN
WASHINGTON APPROXIMATELY SEPTEMBER 5-15 AT THE
OUTSET OF AN INTERNATIONAL VISITOR TOUR OF THE
US. HE IS BEING PROGRAMMED BY USICICE.
2. TOBBACK WAS THE LOWER HOUSE MEMBER WHO PUT THE
LOADED QUESTIONS TO FOREIGN MINISTER SIMONET IN THE
BRIEF PARLIAMENTARY SKIRMISH ON TNF IN LATE JUNE.
HIS ATTITUDE WILL WEIGH SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE
EVENTUAL FORMULATION OF THE BELGIAN SOCIALIST
POSITION ON TNF.
3. RECOMMEND TOT AARON OR APPROPRIATE OTHER TNF
SPECIALIST TAKE ADVANTAGE OF TOBBACK'S FORTHCOMING
PRESENCE IN WASHINGTON TO EXPAND HIS MASTERY OF THE
SUBJECT BY MEANS OF A PERSONAL MEETING AND DISCUSSION.
TOBBACK IS AN EARNEST BUT NOT PROFOUNDLY KNOWLEDGEABLE
STUDENT OF DEFENSE ISSUES
This document summarizes a meeting between a US embassy official and the Belgian Economics Minister Oleffe regarding replacing Belgium's F-104 fighter aircraft. The official pitched the F-16 to Oleffe, emphasizing its lower costs. Oleffe asked about a recent trip by the Dutch Defense Minister to Washington and wanted guarantees about Belgian industry participation in F-16 production. The official requested information from Washington to address Oleffe's concerns.
DID PRINCE BERNHARD SELL SECRET PLANS OF THE DUTCH DEFENSE SYSTEM?Thierry Debels
IN THE FALL OF 1978 THE PRINCE WAS THE SUBJECT OF FURTHER UNFAVORABLE PUBLICITY RESULTING FROM THE ALLEGATION IN A JOURNAL THAT A) HE HAD SOLD SECRET PLANS OF THE DUTCH DEFENSE SYSTEM TO THE GERMANS IN 1938, AND B) THAT HE HAD OFFERED BY LETTER IN 1942 TO BECOME GAULEITER OF THE NETHERLANDS, KEEPING THE COUNTRY UNDER CONTROL FOR THE NAZIS.
Spanje zette Belgische parlementsleden uit het landThierry Debels
Belgiê heeft altijd een moeilijke relatie gehad met Spanje. Zo zette Spanje Belgische parlementsleden uit het land. "THEY STRESSED THAT BELGIUM WAS NOT ANTI-SPANISH, BUT THAT BELGIUM WAS AND REMAINED STRONGLY ANTI-FRANCO. THIS POSITION BEGAN DURING THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (IN WHICH MANY BELGIANS PARTICIPATED), WAS REINFORCED BY FRANCO'S LINKS WITH NAZI GERMANY AND THE DIFFICULTIES CAUSED BELGIAN WWII REFUGEES TRANSITTING SPAIN, CONTINUED AFTER WWII WHEN FRANCO PROVIDED THE BELGIAN TRAITOR DEGRELLE WITH SAFEHAVEN, AND CONTINUE TO THE PRESENT WITH REPEATED SPANISH OFFICIAL OBJECTIONS TO BELGIANS
STATE-OWNED RADIO PROGRAMS, BANNINGS OF BELGIAN FILMS AND EXPULSIONS OF BELGIAN PARLIAMENTARIANS."
PRIVATE MEETING BETWEEN ARAFAT AND KREISKY - US BRIEFINGThierry Debels
Chancellor Kreisky briefed Ambassador Wolf on his meetings with Yasser Arafat, relaying the following key points:
1. The PLO is now willing to co-exist with Israel if an independent Palestinian state is established in the West Bank and Gaza, and if Israel clarifies its regional role.
2. Arafat supports the 1977 Vance-Gromyko plan as a basis for negotiations and would attend a conference based on this plan involving the PLO, Israel, Syria, Jordan and Egypt.
3. Kreisky observed that Arafat seemed changed, more frank and flexible than in previous meetings, searching for more respectability and solutions to the Palestinian issue.
This document summarizes a diplomatic cable from the US Embassy in Brussels discussing troubling trends in the Christian People's Party (CVP) of Belgium regarding international policies. The cable relays conversations with elder CVP statesmen who express concern about the growing influence of a more pacifist, neutralist faction within the party that opposes NATO membership. While assurances are given that the upcoming party congress will likely reaffirm traditional foreign policies, the statesmen see this as a symptom of broader changes in Belgian and European society that could undermine political stability over the long term.
This document discusses the level of corruption in Brazil based on a US embassy report. It finds that while corruption is widespread, views on it are changing as democratic institutions evolve. Many practices seen as corrupt abroad are culturally ingrained in Brazil. An anti-corruption president has still faced issues of corruption in his administration. The document outlines common forms of corruption like electoral fraud, the use of middlemen, bribery, and nepotism, but notes the definition of corruption differs from US standards and some behaviors are not illegal. Overall the level of corruption has been steady but open media and new laws aim to address it, though significant cultural changes are still needed.
BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION AND FATAH FUNDED BY ARAB GOVERNMENTSThierry Debels
ONLY A VERY SMALL NUMBER OF PALESTINIANS ARE INVOLVED IN TERRORISM, AND MANY ARAB COUNTRIES HAVE EITHER CONDEMNED THESE ACTIVITIES OR DISSOCIATED THEMSELVES FROM THEM. NEVERTHELESS,
THE BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION, AND ITS
PARENT BODY THE FATAH, CONTINUE TO BE SUPPLIED WITH FUNDS FROM ARAB GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR CITIZENS AND TO RECEIVE OTHER FORMS OF SUPPORT, EVEN FROM THOSE ARAB GOVERNMENTS WHICH PUBLICLY CONDEMN TERRORISM.
IT IS KNOWN, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT THE PREPARATION AND
THE EXECUTION OF THE BLACK SEPTEMBER OPERATION WHICH LED TO THE MURDER OF AMERICAN AND BELGIAN DIPLOMATS WERE CONDUCTED FROM THE SOIL OF SEVERAL ARAB STATES.
LETTER FROM SECRETARY BROWN TO VANDEN BOEYNANTSThierry Debels
WE FULLY RECOGNIZE THE KEY ROLE THAT BELGIUM PLAYED IN FORMING THE F-16 CONSORTIUM, WHICH WILL BE SO IMPORTANT IN THE STRENGTHENING OF ALLIANCE AIR CAPABILITIES. AND, OF COURSE, YOU PERSONALLY CARRIED THE DAY IN PRESERVING BELGIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE HAWK BELT.
F-16 PROGRAM - QUESTIONS BY BELGIAN GOVERNMENTThierry Debels
THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT IS CONCERNED ABOUT THE
FUTURE OF THE F-16 PROGRAM. THIS CONCERN WAS BROUGHT ABOUT BY ISSUES RAISED BY THE GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE AND BY RUMORS CIRCULATING THROUGH VARIOUS CHANNELS WITHIN BELGIUM TODAY.
MOBUTU: "CONTROL BY SMALL BELGIUM OF BIG ZAIRE WAS AN ACCIDENT OF HISTORY"Thierry Debels
The document summarizes a two hour speech given by Mobutu Sese Seko on May 19, 1974 in Kinshasa, Zaire to mark the 7th anniversary of the Popular Movement of the Revolution party. In the speech, Mobutu announced that 501 criminals, including 48 assassins accused of recent murders, had been arrested. Mobutu acknowledged recent crime issues in Kinshasa but stated that security has been restored. He also addressed issues of Zairianization of foreign businesses, high prices, gasoline prices increases, Zaire's foreign relations and support for African liberation movements.
Similar to Saoedi's eisten doopcertificaat van journalisten (20)
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This document contains summaries of data from EudraVigilance on individual cases reported over time and by different attributes. It includes charts and tables showing the number of cases by age group, sex, and geographic origin within and outside the European Economic Area, with females ages 18-64 making up the largest percentages.
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Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
1. Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006
Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006
Message Text
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
PAGE 01 BRUSSE 09869 031707Z
50
ACTION EUR-12
INFO OCT-01 NEA-10 ISO-00 SAM-01 CIAE-00 DODE-00 INR-07
NSAE-00 PA-01 USIA-06 PRS-01 SP-02 DHA-02 L-03 H-02
/048 W
--------------------- 111348
R 031622Z NOV 75
FM AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 5322
INFO AMEMBASSY JIDDA
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE BRUSSELS 09869
E.O. 11652: N/A
TAGS: PFOR, OVIP (KING BAUDOUIN), SA, BE
SUBJECT: KING BAUDOUIN OFF TO SAUDI ARABIA TOMORROW
BEGIN UNCLASSIFIED
1. KING BAUDOUIN WILL FLY TO RIYADH EARLY TOMORROW TO
COMMENCE A THREE-DAY ROYAL VISIT TO SAUDI ARABIA. IN
TERMS OF PROTOCOL, TRIP IS IN RECIPROCATION FOR VISIT
LATE KING FEISAL MADE TO BELGIUM IN 1967. BELGIAN
GOVERNMENT, WHICH WILL BE LED BY FOREIGN MINISTER VAN
ELSLANDE AND A STRONG DELEGATION IN THE ROYAL ENTOURAGE,
HOPES, HOWEVER, TO USE THE OCCASION TO BRING WESTERN
EUROPEAN HOPES AND FEARS, WITH RESPECT BOTH TO MIDEAST
POLITICAL SITUATION AND TO WORLD ECONOMIC SITUATION,
PERSUASIVELY TO THE ATTENTION OF SAUDI DECISION-MAKERS.
2. TRIP HAS BEEN SHADOWED IN ADVANCE BY A PRE-
DEPARTURE SKIRMISH OVER POSSIBLE JEWISH MEMBERS OF
ROYAL PARTY. MFA INFORMS US THAT WHEN BELGIAN JOURNALISTS
APPLIED FOR VISAS TO COVER THE VISIT, SAUDI EMBASSY
ASKED THEM TO SUBMIT BAPTISMAL CERTIFICATES WITH
APPLICATIONS. JOURNALISTS REFUSED. MFA COMPLAINED
TO SAUDIS AND EVENTUALLY A COMPROMISE WAS REACHED:
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
PAGE 02 BRUSSE 09869 031707Z
EMBASSY WOULD NOT DEMAND BAPTISMAL CERTIFICATES UPON
2. Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006
Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006
MFA ASSURANCE THAT NO "ENEMIES OF SAUDI ARABIA"
WOULD BE IN THE PARTY. END UNCLASSIFIED.
3. MFA, INTERPRETING "ENEMIES OF SAUDI ARABIA" TO
MEAN ANY ZIONIST WHO ADVOCATES AN ISRAELI WAR OF
CONQUEST AGAINST SAUDI ARABIA, ASSURED EMBASSY NO
"ENEMIES" WOULD APPLY. IT SO HAPPENS - PERHAPS BY
CHANCE - THAT NO JEWS HAVE TURNED UP IN THE OFFICIAL
PARTY OR AMONG THE ACCOMPANYING JOURNALISTS. TO THE
DISTRESS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND THE ROYAL PALACE, THIS
HAS LED TO PRESS REPORTS THAT BRUSSELS HAS KNUCKLED
UNDER TO A SAUDI BAN ON JEWS.
4. MFA SAYS IT ISN'T TRUE - REALLY.
FIRESTONE
LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
NNN
3. Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006
Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006
Message Attributes
Automatic Decaptioning: X
Capture Date: 01 JAN 1994
Channel Indicators: n/a
Current Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
Concepts: CHIEF OF STATE, VISITS, JOURNALISTS
Control Number: n/a
Copy: SINGLE
Draft Date: 03 NOV 1975
Decaption Date: 01 JAN 1960
Decaption Note:
Disposition Action: RELEASED
Disposition Approved on Date:
Disposition Authority: GolinoFR
Disposition Case Number: n/a
Disposition Comment: 25 YEAR REVIEW
Disposition Date: 28 MAY 2004
Disposition Event:
Disposition History: n/a
Disposition Reason:
Disposition Remarks:
Document Number: 1975BRUSSE09869
Document Source: CORE
Document Unique ID: 00
Drafter: n/a
Enclosure: n/a
Executive Order: N/A
Errors: N/A
Film Number: D750381-0405
From: BRUSSELS
Handling Restrictions: n/a
Image Path:
ISecure: 1
Legacy Key: link1975/newtext/t19751182/aaaacuzc.tel
Line Count: 76
Locator: TEXT ON-LINE, ON MICROFILM
Office: ACTION EUR
Original Classification: LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
Original Handling Restrictions: n/a
Original Previous Classification: n/a
Original Previous Handling Restrictions: n/a
Page Count: 2
Previous Channel Indicators: n/a
Previous Classification: LIMITED OFFICIAL USE
Previous Handling Restrictions: n/a
Reference: n/a
Review Action: RELEASED, APPROVED
Review Authority: GolinoFR
Review Comment: n/a
Review Content Flags:
Review Date: 23 APR 2003
Review Event:
Review Exemptions: n/a
Review History: RELEASED <23 APR 2003 by BoyleJA>; APPROVED <30 DEC 2003 by GolinoFR>
Review Markings:
Margaret P. Grafeld
Declassified/Released
US Department of State
EO Systematic Review
06 JUL 2006
Review Media Identifier:
Review Referrals: n/a
Review Release Date: n/a
Review Release Event: n/a
Review Transfer Date:
Review Withdrawn Fields: n/a
Secure: OPEN
Status: NATIVE
Subject: KING BAUDOUIN OFF TO SAUDI ARABIA TOMORROW BEGIN UNCLASSIFIED
TAGS: PFOR, OVIP, SA, BE, (BAUDOUIN, KING)
To: STATE
Type: TE
Markings: Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006