The document discusses various aspects of professional computer-aided design (CAD) in architecture, specifically focusing on the building delivery process and plumbing fittings. It provides detailed descriptions of different types of pipe fittings, such as elbows, tees, reducers, and valves, each serving unique functions in construction. Additionally, it briefly mentions notable architectural works, including the Centre Pompidou in Paris and an innovative office building in São Paulo, Brazil, featuring sustainable design elements.

1. Chair of Computer Aided Design and Geo-
Informatics
Arch _Year Group III - Semester I
Lecture on: Professional CAD
December 30, 2013

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An Architect’s end (output) product is the first step in the process of realization of a building. This means
there is a process initiated by the Architect, in which a system is created. The system that produces the
necessary inputs in the construction of a building or any other structure the architect designs is called
BUILDING DELIVERY PROCESS (BEREKET HAGOS, 2019).
The above text is Extracted from third year architecture student’s report for professional computer aided
design course assignment: ‘architecture and construction firm documentation report’

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Documents:
Sanitary lay outs(SN,FW,DW)
Waste Water System Profile
Domestic Water System Profile
Ground Reservoirs
Domestic Water System detail
Waste Water System detail

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34. Pipe Fittings
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35. Purpose of Pipe Fittings
Plumbing fittings have different shapes which
allow rigid straight pipe to change both direction
and diameter.
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36. Elbows
Used to change the angle or direction of the
pipe run.
The most common elbows come in 90 degree
and 45 degree turns.
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37. Street Elbows
One end of the fitting has male threads and the
other end has female threads.
Street elbows are common in galvanized steel and
copper pipe.
They are convenient because they do away with the
need for a nipple and work well in tight quarters.
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38. Tee or T-fittings
Allow for branch lines.
They are shaped like the letter T.
DWV tees are known as waste or sanitary Ts.
In these fittings the intersection is slightly curved in
order to avoid clogs. Gradual bends are best for
smooth flow of waste.
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39. Couplings
Used to join two straight pieces of pipe of the
same diameter.
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40. Reducers
Used to join pipe of different diameters.
Galvanized steel reducers are called bell reducers
because they look like a bell.
All reducers make a gradual transition between
different diameters of pipe and therefore they take
up considerable space
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41. Bushings
Used to make the diameter of a pipe fitting smaller.
They differ from reducers in that they make abrupt
changes in diameter and take very little space.
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42. Unions
Used to join pieces of pipe where pipes cannot
be turned or when a piece of equipment may
have to be removed for maintenance or
replacement.
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43. Adaptor fittings
are used to change the end of a non-threaded pipe to
male or female threads as needed.
Adaptors are commonly used in copper and plastic
plumbing jobs.
Male adapters and female adapters are both common.
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44. Caps
Used to close the end of a dead end pipe.
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45. Plugs
Close an opening on a pipefitting normally used
for inspection and cleanout.
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46. Nipples
Short lengths (under 12") of pipe threaded at
both ends.
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47. Wyes
Pronounced like the letter Y
Used primarily to gain inside access to drainage
systems.
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48. Valves
Devices that control the flow of liquid or gas
through or from a pipe.
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49. PVC Fittings
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50. FAUCET
faucet that allows for the attachment of a
garden hose or appliance hose.
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Centre Pompidou: The Centre Pompidou also known as the Pompidou
Centre in English, is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of the 4th
arrondissement of Paris, near Les Halles, rue Montorgueil, and the Marais.
It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural
team of Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, along with Gianfranco Franchini.

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This artists' atelier and office building in S'e3o Paulo, Brazil
features a facade covered in plants sustained by a network of tubes
that provide mist at regular intervals. Designed by Triptyque and
dubbed Harmonia 57, the unique office building is set amidst a
creative neighborhood on the west side of S'e3o Paulo. Two
volumes make up the building, which is clad in a porous concrete
skin with pockets for plants. A complex water recycling network
collects rainwater and grey water for use in irrigation and toilets,
while a green roof helps minimize storm water runoff (Bridgette
Meinhold).

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