Babar was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. He was born in 1483 in modern-day Uzbekistan and came from a noble family. Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, establishing Mughal rule over North India. He followed this victory with further battles, defeating Rana Sanga of Mewar at Khanua in 1527 and later securing victories at Chanderi and Ghagra. Babar established Agra as the capital of his empire before his death in 1530, leaving a realm that extended from Afghanistan to northern India. He introduced new military tactics and used gunpowder weapons, laying the foundations for the powerful

1. BABAR (1526-30)
EARLY LIFE
• Zahir ud Din Muhammad Babar, the founder of the Mughal rule in
India, was the eldest of the three sons of Umar Sheikh Mirza.
• Belonged to Chaghtai section of the Turkish race.
• His father was a petty chieftain of Farghana.
• Babur was born on February 14, 1483 at Andizhan.

2. Battle of Panipat
 Fought the First Battle of Panipat against Ibrahim Lodhi in 1526
and defeated the latter.
 In this battle his artillery was commanded by two famous gunners
of central Asia, Ustad Ali Quli and Mustafa.
 Raja Bikramjit of Gwalior had also brought his army to fight the
Mughals as an ally of Ibrahim Lodhi.
 Introduced a new fighting strategy known as “Tulughma” in this
battle.

3. Battle of Khanua
 Fought against Rana Sanga of On March 17, 1527 and defeated
him.
 The Mughal army numbered about two lakhs, the maximum
number of soldiers ever commanded by Babar in any single action.
 To boost the morale of his forces, he declared jihad (holy war)
against Rana Sanga.
 proclaimed victory by assuming the title of Ghazi.
 Renounced wine for life, broke all the wine pots and precious gold
and silver vessels carried by his entourage, and declared abolition
of stamp duty (tamgha ) on all the Muslim subjects of his
dominions.

4. Battle of Chanderi and
Battle of Ghagra
 • Fought battle of Chanderi against Medini Rai, the Rajput chief of Chanderi
on January 21, 1528. Medini Rai was a close associate of Rana Sanga, who
had escaped from Khanua.
 • His last victory was over Mahmud Lodhi, in the Battle of Ghagra in 1529.
Mahmud Lodhi was the younger brother of sultan Ibrahim Lodhi and was a
claimant to the throne of Delhi. Babar challenged them at the confluence of
the Ghagra and the Ganges on May 6, 1529. Mahmud Lodhi escaped to
Burma where he was put to death by the Makh tribals after some time.
 • Babar entered into a friendly treaty with Nusrat Shah of Bengal on the basis
of equality of status. According to this treaty the two monarchs agreed to
respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of each other’s dominions and
promised not to support or give shelter to their respective enemies.

5. Conclusion
 Babar breathed his last on December 26, 1530, at the age of
48 at Agra. He was buried at Aram Bagh in Kabul.
 An assessment of his character and personality, was made
by his cousin Mirza Haider, in his book Tarikh i Rashidi.
 Lane Poole opines that Babar was only a soldier of fortune
and no architect of empire yet he laid the first stone of the
splendid fabric which his grandson Akbar completed.
 Babar has rightly been called the prince of auto
biographers.

6. Babar used gun powder for the first time at Bhera
in 1518-19 and later at Sialkot in 1520-21.
 • Babar was a great empire - builder, his vast dominions
extended from Badakhshan to Bengal and from the Oxus to
the Ganga. His Indian possession extended from the
Himalayas in the north to Gwalior in the south and from the
Khyber pass in the north-west to the frontiers of Bengal in the
east. The capital city was Agra.
 • He established a tradition of gardens with running water.
 • The total revenue of his empire was 52 crore rupees.

7. THANK YOU
Note –The Writing is taken from “Complete Indian History for IAS” PBL.
ABU TOYAB SK
ASSIST. PROF. OF HISTORY
TEHATTA SADANANDA MAHAVIDYALAYA