This document provides the methodology used in compiling ystats.com's B2C e-commerce market reports. Information is gathered from secondary sources like statistical offices and industry reports. Data is cross-referenced to ensure validity. Sources and time periods are clearly referenced. Reports include charts, rankings, and tables summarizing key findings. Definitions of terms like online payment, mobile payment, and digital wallet are also provided.

1. 1

2. © Copyright 2015 ystats.com GmbH & Co. KG, 22765 Hamburg, Germany 2

3. 3

4. 4
METHODOLOGY (1 OF 2)
 The reports are compiled based on secondary market research. Secondary research is information gathered from previously published sources. Our reports are
solely based on information and data acquired from national and international statistical offices, industry and trade associations, business reports, business and
company databases, journals, company registries, news portals and many other reliable sources. By using various sources we ensure maximum objectivity for
all obtained data. As a result, companies gain a precise and unbiased impression of the market situation.
 Cross referencing of data is conducted in order to ensure validity and reliability.
 The source of information and its release date are provided on every chart. It is possible that the information contained in one chart is derived from several
sources. If this is the case, all sources are mentioned on the chart.
 The reports take into account a broad definition of B2C E-Commerce, which might include mobile commerce. As definitions may vary among sources, exact
definition used by the source (if available) is included at the bottom of the chart.
 Our reports include text charts, pie charts, bar charts, rankings, line graphs and tables. Every chart contains an Action Title, which summarizes the main
idea/finding of the chart and a Subtitle, which provides necessary information about the country, the topic, units or measures of currency, and the applicable time
period(s) to which the data refers. With respect to rankings, it is possible that the summation of all categories amounts to more than 100%. In this case, multiple
answers were possible, which is noted at the bottom of the chart.
 Reports are comprised of the following elements, in the following order: Cover page, preface, legal notice, methodology, definitions, table of contents,
management summary (summarizing main information contained in each section of report) and report content (divided into sections and chapters). When
available, we also include forecasts in our report content. These forecasts are not our own; they are published by reliable sources. Within Global and Regional
reports, we include all major developed and emerging markets, ranked in order of importance by using evaluative criteria such as sales figures.
 If available, additional information about the data collection, for example the time of survey and number of people surveyed, is provided in the form of a note. In
some cases, the note (also) contains additional information needed to fully understand the contents of the respective data.
 When providing information about amounts of money, local currencies are most often used. When referencing currency values in the Action Title, the EUR
values are also provided in brackets. The conversions are always made using the average currency exchange rate for the respective time period. Should the
currency figure be in the future, the average exchange rate of the past 12 months is used.
 The reports include mainly data from the last 12 months prior to the date of report publication. Exact publication dates are mentioned in every chart.

5. 5
METHODOLOGY (2 OF 2)
 This report covers the online payment market. It takes into account a wide definition of online payment, including payment methods used in online shopping and
mobile payment, such as remote and proximity payments.
 All major countries in the region are covered, while data availability varied across the markets.
 Countries in the region are presented in the descending order of B2C E-Commerce sales. Besides country and regional data, information about global
development is also included.
 Depending on data availability, the following types of market information are included: the payment methods most used in online shopping, number and volume
of online and mobile payment transactions, information about online and mobile payment users. Not all the mentioned types of information are available for each
of the covered countries. For the leading country in the region, also online and mobile payment trends, including regulatory trends, and news about major market
players, such as payment providers, are presented.
 The report includes data mostly published within the last six months of 2015. The exact date of publication of the source is stated on each chart. The time period
which the data refers to differs by source.

6. 6
DEFINITIONS
 ONLINE PAYMENT
Transfer of money made over the Internet following a consumer’s payment command, includes payments for product
and service purchased in (B2C) E-Commerce and M-Commerce.
 MOBILE PAYMENT
A wide definition of mobile payments includes remote payments made in M-Commerce and proximity payments made
in-store, such as via QR code scanning and NFC technology.
 MOBILE PROXIMITY PAYMENT
A mobile payment where the merchant and the consumer are present in the same location and the interaction between
the consumer’s device (card, mobile device) and the POS is conducted using a proximity technology (e.g. NFC).
 NFC
Near Field Communication, a set of standards for smartphones and similar devices to create radio communication by
bringing them close together or having them touch each other. In that way, contactless data exchange and transactions
can take place.
 ALTERNATIVE PAYMENTS
Generally refers to payment methods other than credit card or bank card payments. Widely defined, alternative online
payment methods include bank transfers and direct debit, digital wallets, pre-paid cards and private label cards, invoice,
and digital currency. May also include cash on delivery and card schemes by local companies other than global card
brands.
 DIGITAL WALLET
Also known as E-Wallet. A prepaid digital account, allowing users to store money and use it in online or mobile
transactions.
 E-MONEY Short for electronic money. Money which is exchanged electronically using digitally stored values.
 B2C E-COMMERCE The sale of products (and services) through electronic transactions via the Internet from businesses to consumers.
 M-COMMERCE
M-Commerce, also called “Mobile Commerce”, means the sale of products (and services) through transactions via
mobile devices.
 ONLINE SHOPPING
Purchase of products or services by consumers via the Internet. Broadly defined, may include business to consumer
and consumer to consumer transactions.
The following expressions and definitions are used in this B2C E-Commerce market report*:
Note: *the definitions used by the original sources might differ from the ones stated on this chart; the exact definition used by each source, where available, is included on the respective
charts

7. 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS (1 OF 4)
1. Management Summary
2. Global Developments
• Online Payment Trends and News about Players, H2 2015
• Mobile Payment Trends and News about Players, H2 2015
• Breakdown of E-Commerce Sales by Cards and Alternative Payment Methods, by Region , in %, 2014 & 2019f
• Non-Cash Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015
• Share of Online Shoppers Paying with Cash on Delivery, in %, by Selected Emerging Markets, 2015
• Share of Online Shoppers Who Would Drop out of Purchase if the Preferred Method is Displayed on the Website but is not Available at the
Checkout, in %, September 2015
• Share of Consumers Who Are Satisfied with the Payment Methods Used, by POS, Browser and Mobile, in % of Consumers in Selected
Developed Countries, June 2015
• Main Criteria For Adopting Innovative Payment Methods, in % of Consumers in Selected Developed Countries, by Very Important and
Rather Important, June 2015
3. Asia-Pacific
3.1. Regional
• Share of Online Shoppers Paying with Cash on Delivery and Share of Online Shoppers Paying with Credit and Debit Cards for Online
Purchases, in %, August 2015
• Breakdown of Payment Methods Used to Pay for Taxi Ordered through a Mobile Application, in %, August 2015
• Digital Payment Methods Used, by Emerging and Developed Markets, in % of Consumers, August 2015
• Top Reasons for Using Online Payment Services, in % of Online Payment Service Users, August 2015

8. 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS (2 OF 4)
3. Asia-Pacific (Cont.)
3.2. China
• Online and Mobile Payment Trends and News about Players, H2 2015
• Share of Online Shoppers Who Used Digital Payment Systems to Pay for Online Purchases, in %, 2015
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2014
• Breakdown of Electronic Payment Users by Gender, by Payment Method Type, in %, 2014
• Breakdown of Third-Party Online Payment GMV, in %, and Total, in CNY trillion, Q2 2014 - Q2 2015
• Number of Online Payment Users, in millions and in % Share of Internet Users, December 2012, December 2013, December 2014, June
2015
• Number and Value of Electronic Payment Services Transactions, by Segment, incl. Online and Mobile, in billions and in CNY trillion, and in
% Year-on-Year Change, Q2 2015
• Mobile Payment Transactions’ Share of Total Online Payments, in %, 2014 & 2015
• Third-Party Mobile Payment GMV, in CNY billion, and in % Year-on-Year Change, Q3 2014 - Q3 2015
• Number of Mobile Payment Users, in millions and in % Share of Mobile Internet Users, December 2014 & June 2015
• Breakdown of Third-Party Mobile Payment Transaction Volume, by Provider, in %, 2014 & Q3 2015
• Reasons for Using Mobile Payments Offline, in % of Internet Users Using Mobile Payment Offline, August 2015
• Breakdown of Mobile Payment Market by Provider, in %, Q3 2015
3.3. Japan
• Breakdown of Most Used Online Payment Methods, in % of Online Payment Users, July 2015
• Breakdown of Preferred Devices Used for Making Online and Mobile Payments, in % of Online Payment Users, by Age Group and Total,
July 2015
• Mobile Wallet Penetration, in % of Mobile Phone Owners, and Mobile Wallet Use, in % of Mobile Wallet Owners, August 2015
• Number and Value of Electronic Money Transactions, in millions and in JPY billions, and in % Year-on-Year Change, 2010-2014
• Value of Electronic Money Transactions, in JPY trillion, 2014 & 2021f

9. 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS (3 OF 4)
3. Asia-Pacific (Cont.)
3.4. South Korea
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, October 2015
• Activities Carried out via Mobile Instant Messengers, incl. Payment, in % of Mobile Instant Messenger Users, August 2015
• Share of Customers Who Have Used Mobile Payment Tools, in %, August 2015
• Share of Mobile Payment Users Starting to Use Mobile Payment in the Past Year, in %, August 2015
• Breakdown of Frequency of Use of Mobile Payments in Online Shopping, in % of Mobile Payment Users, August 2015
3.5. Australia
• Number of Contactless Cards, in millions, 2010, 2014 & 2019f
• Share of Shoppers Preferring to Use Contactless Payments, by Selected Regions, in %, October 2015
3.6. India
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015
• Payment Methods Preferred in Online Shopping, by Gender, in %, July 2015
• Share of Cash on Delivery of E-Commerce Orders, in %, 2015e
• Payment Methods Used in Cross-Border Online Shopping, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers
• Payment Methods Offered by Top 5 Mobile Shopping Apps, September 2015
• Mobile Wallet Market Size, in USD million, 2014 & 2020f
• Value and Volume of Payment Transactions by Selected Non-Cash Payment Methods, incl. Mobile Wallets, in millions and in INR billion,
FY 2014-2015 & First 8 Months of FY 2015-2016
3.7. Indonesia
• Online Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2014
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, August 2015
• Breakdown of Reasons for Not Using Online Payments When Shopping Online, in %, August 2015

10. 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS (4 OF 4)
3. Asia-Pacific (Cont.)
3.8. Thailand
• Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, May 2015
• Value and Volume of Online Payment, in THB billion and in millions, by Bank, Non-Bank and Total, 2010 – 2014 & Q1 - Q3 2015
• Value and Volume of Mobile Payment, in THB billion and in millions, by Bank, Non-Bank and Total, 2010 – 2014 & Q1 - Q3 2015
3.9. Malaysia
• Number of Users of Network-Based E-Money, in millions, and in % Year-on-Year Change, 2011 – 2014 & H1 2015
3.10. Pakistan
• Share of Consumers Who Have Used Mobile Money and Who Have a Mobile Money Account, in %, December 2014
• Top Purposes of Using Mobile Money, in % of Mobile Money Users, 2014
• Mobile Money Providers Used, in % of Mobile Money Users, 2013 & 2014

11. 11
1. Management Summary 11 – 13
2. Global Developments 14 – 22
3. Asia-Pacific
Regional
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Pakistan
23 – 69
24 – 27
28 – 40
41 – 45
46 – 50
51 – 52
53 – 59
60 – 62
63 – 65
66 – 66
67 – 69

12. 12
61%
71%
83%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Direct Debit
Debit Card
Cash on Delivery
in % of Online Shoppers
“Cash on delivery” (83%) was the payment method most used by
online shoppers in India in 2015.
India: Payment Methods Used in Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2015
Note: refers to purchases made online during the previous six months; does not add up to 100% due to multiple answers possible; credit card was not included in this ranking
by the source
Survey: based on an online survey in 24 countries, incl. India
Source: Nielsen, January 2016

13. 13
As of August 2015, 44% of mobile payment users in South Korea relied
on them for their online purchases “Up to three times per month”.
South Korea: Breakdown of Frequency of Use of Mobile Payments in Online Shopping, in % of Mobile
Payment Users, August 2015
Up to Three Times per
Month
44.4%
At Least Once per Week
23.0%
Others
32.6%
Note: based on a survey of 2,500 individuals aged 19+ conducted in August 2015
Source: Bank of Korea cited by Yonhap News, January 2016

14. 14