The document discusses human sexuality and provides definitions of key terms related to laws, morality, marriage, and customs. It outlines the objectives, limitations, and introduction of the paper, which examines the conflict between religion and homosexuality. The paper presents the historical background of perceptions towards homosexuals in the Philippines and other countries. It discusses the problem of differing religious views on same-sex marriage. The paper also summarizes the results of a survey on the causes of homosexuality and solutions to the issue.

1. Submitted By: Submitted To:
Vladimir Amadeus Felizco Medina Mrs. Aragon
November 23, 2012 - Friday BSBA - 4

2. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Human sexuality - is the capacity to have erotic experiences and responses. Human
sexuality can also refer to the way someone is sexually attracted to another person -
which is determined by their sexual orientation - whether it is to the opposite sex
(heterosexuality), to the same sex (homosexuality), having both these tendencies
(bisexuality), or not being attracted to anyone in a sexual manner (asexuality).
Human sexuality impacts cultural, political, legal, and philosophical aspects of life. It
can refer to issues of morality, ethics, theology, spirituality, or religion. It is not,
however, directly tied to gender. Some cultures have been described as sexually
repressive.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality)
• Law - Is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social
institutions to govern behavior.
They apply to people as rational beings only.
• Divine Law – a law that is believed to come directly from God

3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Natural Law - (Philosophy) an ethical belief or system of beliefs supposed to be
inherent in human nature and discoverable by reason rather than revelation
• a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or
binding upon human society
• Moral Law - is a system of guidelines for behavior. These guidelines may or may not
be part of a religion, codified in written form, or legally enforceable. For some people
moral law is synonymous with the commands of a divine being. For others, moral law
is a set of universal rules that should apply to everyone.
• Morality - The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct.
• Sin – Noun: an immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law
(Source: Oxford)

4. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Marriage – The state of being married. (The Merriam – Webster Dictionary)
- Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman
entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family
life. It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable social institution whose
nature, consequences, and incidents are governed by law and not subject to
stipulation, except that marriage settlements may fix the property relations during
the marriage within the limits provided by this Code. (THE FAMILY CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES)
Marry – To take husband and wife according to law or custom. (The Merriam – Webster
Dictionary)
Customs – It consists of those habits and practices which through long and uninterrupted
usage have become acknowledged by society as binding rules of conduct.
- A custom must be proved as a fact according to rules of evidence. (Article 12,
Civil Code) It may be applied by the courts in the absence of law or statute
exactly applicable to the point in controversy. But customs which are contrary to
law, public order or public policy are not countenanced.

5. OBJECTIVES:
•To show the conflict between many religions and
homosexuality.
•To show how “ordinary Filipino people” view same sex
marriage.
•To show whether or not religion affects the moral
standard of the ordinary people.
•To show the reason why it is very difficult to legalize
same sex marriage in the Philippines

6. LIMITATIONS
• This study is intended within the
Philippines only but can also be applicable
to other countries dominated by religious
citizens especially “conservative”
Christians.

7. INTRODUCTION:
-U.S.A. wants to legalize Same – Sex Marriage
-“About 75 to 80 per cent of Filipinos are Roman Catholics, about 1%
are irreligious, about 4.2% are adherents of Islam, and about 15% are
Protestant Christians. Other Christian denominations include the
Philippine Independent Church (more commonly called the Aglipayan
Church), Iglesia ni Cristo (one of a number of separate Churches of
Christ generally not affiliated with one another), and The Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). Minority religions include
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism.

8. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF OUR
PERCEPTION TOWARDS HOMOSEXUALS:
Modern attitudes toward homosexuality have
religious, legal, and medical underpinnings. Before
the High Middle Ages, homosexual acts appear to
have been tolerated or ignored by the Christian
church throughout Europe. Beginning in the latter
twelfth century, however, hostility toward
homosexuality began to take root, and eventually
spread throughout European religious and secular
institutions. Condemnation of homosexual acts (and
other nonprocreative sexual behavior) as
"unnatural," which received official expression in the
writings of Thomas Aquinas and others, became
widespread and has continued through the present
day (Boswell, 1980).

9. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF OUR
PERCEPTION TOWARDS HOMOSEXUALS:
Religious teachings soon were incorporated into legal sanctions. Many of the
early American colonies, for example, enacted stiff criminal penalties for
sodomy, an umbrella term that encompassed a wide variety of sexual acts
that were nonprocreative (including homosexual behavior), occurred outside
of marriage (e.g., sex between a man and woman who were not married), or
violated traditions (e.g., sex between husband and wife with the woman on
top). The statutes often described such conduct only in Latin or with oblique
phrases such as "wickedness not to be named"). In some places, such as the
New Haven colony, male and female homosexual acts were punishable by
death (e.g., Katz, 1976).
By the end of the 19th century, medicine and psychiatry were effectively
competing with religion and the law for jurisdiction over sexuality. As a
consequence, discourse about homosexuality expanded from the realms of
sin and crime to include that of pathology. This historical shift was generally
considered progressive because a sick person was less blameful than a
sinner or criminal (e.g., Chauncey, 1982/1983; D'Emilio & Freedman, 1988;
Duberman, Vicinus, & Chauncey, 1989).

10. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF OUR
PERCEPTION TOWARDS HOMOSEXUALS:
Even within medicine and psychiatry, however,
homosexuality was not universally viewed as a
pathology. Richard von Krafft-Ebing described it as a
degenerative sickness in his Psychopathia Sexualis,
but Sigmund Freud and Havelock Ellis both adopted
more accepting stances. Early in the twentieth
century, Ellis (1901) argued that homosexuality was
inborn and therefore not immoral, that it was not a
disease, and that many homosexuals made
outstanding contributions to society
(Source:
http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/facts_me
ntal_health.html)

11. The first country to legalize same-sex
marriage is Netherlands.

12. Problem
• Wikipedia:
“About 75 to 80 per cent of Filipinos are Roman Catholics, about 1% are irreligious, about 4.2%
are adherents of Islam, and about 15% are Protestant Christians. Other Christian denominations
include the Philippine Independent Church (more commonly called the Aglipayan Church), Iglesia
ni Cristo (one of a number of separate Churches of Christ generally not affiliated with one
another), and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). Minority religions include
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism.
•
• Roman Catholics and Protestants were converted during the four centuries of Western influence
by Spain, and the United States. Under Spanish rule, much of the population was converted to
Christianity.
• Orthodox Christians also live in Philippines. Protestant Christianity arrived in the Philippines
during the 20th century, introduced by American missionaries.
•
• Islam was brought to the Sulu Archipelago in the 14th century by Makhdum Karim, an Arab trader,
and to Mindanao Island by Rajah Kabungsuwan, a Malaccan nobleman. From then onwards,
Muslim princes carried on expeditions to propagate Islam. While Islam was easily displaced over
the years among the peoples of Luzon, and the Visayas, it retained a foothold in the central parts
of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.
• Other religions include Judaism, Mahayana Buddhism, often mixed with Taoist beliefs, Hinduism,
and Sikhism. Animism and Paganism are also followed.”

13. Problem
Stand Towards Same – Sex Marriage
Some Religion in the Philippines
Roman Catholic Against
Islam Against
Protestant Christian Varies
Iglesia Ni Cristo Against
Mormon Against
Buddhism Varies
Hinduism Accepted
Judaism Against

14. SURVEY

15. SURVEY

16. SURVEY

17. SURVEY
The following are the reasons according to them:
•Genes
•Environment
•Influence
•Chromosomes
•Parents/ Family
•Media
•Hindi maipaliwanag na nararamdaman, hindi ko alam ang dahilan
•Ang alam ko ay natural ito sa akin. I was born this way.

18. SURVEY

19. SURVEY

20. SURVEY

21. SURVEY

22. SURVEY

23. SURVEY

24. SURVEY

25. SURVEY

26. SURVEY

27. SURVEY

28. SURVEY

29. SURVEY

30. SURVEY
The following are some of the suggested solutions given by the respondents:
•Respeto
•Tamang pagtugon
•Tanggaling ang diskriminasyon
•Isabatas na
•Focus on other more important issues
•Huwag isabatas sa bansa
•Kumunsulta sa psychiatrist
•Batas na magbabawal magibigan ang homosexuals at bisexuals
•Secularism
•Huwag na ipilit
•Maging bukas ang isip
•Disregard it
•Pagaralan pang mabuti
•Pagusapan, Representasyon
•Bigyan ng boses
•Civil Marriage
•Education

31. Conclusion
- Beginning to be accepted
- Religion

32. RECOMMENDATION:
- Study
- Respect
- Secularism