SA Legal System
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The South African legal system is a mixed system comprised of several sources of law including Roman law, Roman Dutch law, British common law, indigenous law, and human rights law. The Constitution establishes the separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and contains a Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic human rights for all citizens. Key aspects of each branch include Parliament making laws, the President and Cabinet executing and enforcing laws, and the courts interpreting laws and presiding over legal cases. Checks and balances ensure no single branch can exert too much authority by providing oversight between the different branches.
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The document outlines the key principles and structure of the US Constitution. It begins with an overview of the Preamble and 3 branches of government established in the 7 original Articles. It then discusses the first 10 Amendments known as the Bill of Rights. The document examines the principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances, limited government, and federalism that are fundamental to the Constitution's design.
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Presantation, Separation of uk constitution (S M RUBEL RANA)
Presantation, Separation of uk constitution (S M RUBEL RANA)
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KVV Inc. - Values, Mission & Vision
The Directors aim to build a company based on Christian values that offers holistic development for partners physically, emotionally, spiritually, and through skills. The company wants each partner to take responsibility for personal growth by drawing on strengths and supporting weaknesses. It strives to be a reputable market leader that motivates partners and staff to be accountable to each other, clients, and other stakeholders. The company values credible leadership, prioritizing client needs, protecting its reputation, facilitating people's growth, and acting with honesty, integrity, courage, and accountability.
Sectional vs freehold
This document summarizes the key differences between freehold and sectional title property in South Africa. Freehold property owners own both the land and buildings, while sectional title owners only own their individual unit or section and share ownership of common property. Freehold property is registered under the Deeds Registries Act and sectional title under the Sectional Titles Act. Freehold owners are responsible for rates, taxes, insurance, and utilities, while sectional title owners pay monthly levies set by the body corporate in addition to those costs. The document provides tips for determining the property type and making buyers aware of associated responsibilities.
Spluma
SPLUMA is South Africa's national framework legislation for spatial planning and land use management that came into effect in 2015. It aims to provide national, provincial, and municipal governments a framework for land use management policies and systems. SPLUMA consolidated several previous land use and planning laws. Municipalities must approve single land use schemes within 5 years and establish planning tribunals. They must also pass by-laws to implement SPLUMA. SPLUMA requires a "certificate" confirming compliance for all land transfers to be registered by deeds offices and impacts rezoning, development, and other land use applications.
Building plans
The document provides an overview of building plans, town planning schemes, and zoning requirements in South Africa. It discusses that building plans must be approved by the local authority according to the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act. A town planning scheme enables comprehensive management of property and public functions through implementation of general guidelines. It then outlines various zoning designations for residential, business, and industrial areas, and what types of development they allow. It also describes other considerations like coverage, floor area ratio, title deeds, homeowner associations, site development plans, structural engineering requirements, approval from other departments, and final inspection/approval steps.
Parties to a contract
This document outlines the requirements for valid contracts and provides information on different types of individuals and legal persons that can enter into contracts. It discusses the 5 requirements for a valid contract which are consensus, contractual capacity, legality, physical possibility, and formalities. It then describes various types of individuals such as married, minor, insolvent, and deceased individuals and how they are identified and can enter into contracts. It also discusses different types of legal persons like companies, closed corporations, trusts, and insolvent legal persons and how they are identified and can enter into contracts through authorized representatives.
Different types of marriages in SA
This document discusses the various types of marriages recognized in South Africa, including:
1) Marriages in community of property (COP) or out of COP, governed by the Marriages Act.
2) Marriages conducted under the laws of a foreign country, governed by that country's laws.
3) Customary marriages, recognized by the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act and governed by customary law. After 2000, customary marriages are considered COP unless an ante-nuptial contract specifies otherwise.
4) Muslim/Hindu marriages are not legally recognized unless conducted under the Marriages Act.
5) Same-sex civil unions allowed under the Civil Union Act of 2006.
Occupation and related matters
This document discusses key aspects of property occupation related to an agreement of sale, including payment amounts and dates, transfer of risk, and responsibility for utilities. It also covers the timing of physical occupation, the role of agents during occupation, and issues around occupation on registration such as liability for rent and responsibility for accounts.
Bond registration process
This document outlines the steps involved in registering a bond or mortgage on a property. It involves preliminaries like obtaining client details and finance conditions. Key steps include drafting bond documents, getting signatures, submitting documents to the bank, lodgement for registration by the transfer attorney, and delivery of title deeds to the bank once registered. Potential pitfalls along the way include incomplete client identification documentation, special conditions, life cover requirements, building plans, retention amounts, and changes to the client's financial situation.
Fica Training
This document summarizes the Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA) in South Africa, which aims to combat money laundering and financing of terrorist activities. It outlines that FICA affects accountable institutions like banks and attorneys, as well as their clients. Accountable institutions have responsibilities like identifying clients, record keeping, reporting suspicious transactions, and implementing a risk-based compliance program. It also discusses rules for client due diligence, risk management, reporting, record keeping, training, and penalties for non-compliance.
Instalment agreements
This document summarizes the key points of the Alienation of Land Act regarding the sale of land in installments in South Africa. It notes that the Act only applies to residential properties, not agricultural land. It details that the purchase price must be paid in more than two installments over more than one year, with transfer duty paid within six months. The contract must be recorded at the Deeds Office within 90 days. The seller remains the owner until full payment and cannot transfer the property without dealing with the contract. If the buyer defaults, the seller can take legal action after providing 30 days notice.
Estate agent mandates
An estate agent can demand commission under common law if they have a mandate to conclude a property transaction, have performed their mandate, and were the effective cause of the sale. To show they performed the mandate, the agent must have introduced a willing buyer and seller, led to a binding agreement between the parties, and ensured the transaction terms were substantially as the seller envisaged. A mandate is a contract where one person agrees to perform a lawful task for another and provides the agent with an incentive in the form of commission. Key terms of a mandate include the parties, property details, price, mandate period, and commission. Mandates can be open, sole, or exclusive sole depending on the terms agreed to in writing.
Donations Tax
Donation tax is a tax payable in South Africa on the value of property disposed of by donation. It applies to individuals, companies, and trusts that are South African residents. The donor is liable to pay the tax within a month of the donation taking effect when all legal requirements are met. Exemptions exist for donations between spouses or upon death, as well as for donations below certain thresholds. The tax is calculated at a rate of 20% on the nonexempt portion of the donation.
Customary Marriages
Customary marriages are recognized as a valid type of marriage in South Africa under the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act. A customary marriage is defined as a marriage concluded under customary law, which refers to the traditions and customs of indigenous South African people. The Act established legal rights for wives in customary marriages, including equal status to husbands and the capacity to acquire and dispose of assets. For a customary marriage to be valid, both spouses must consent, be over 18, not be in another civil marriage, and if after 2000, register the marriage with the Department of Home Affairs within 3 months.
CSOS introduction
The document provides an introduction to Community Scheme Ombud Services (CSOS) in South Africa. It discusses the history and purpose of CSOS, which was established through the Sectional Titles Schemes Management Act and Community Scheme Ombud Service Act to help resolve disputes in community housing schemes like sectional title properties, share blocks, gated communities, and retirement homes. CSOS's aim is to establish an Ombud service, provide dispute resolution, train employees, maintain custody of documents, promote good governance, and provide education. The Ombud has regional offices and handles conciliation and adjudication of disputes. CSOS is funded by government, application fees, and levies from schemes.
Conveyancing process
The document outlines the key steps and considerations in the property conveyancing process, including signing a sale agreement, securing financing, registration of ownership transfer, paying transfer duties and costs, cancelling existing bonds, and obtaining various compliance certificates from local authorities. It discusses related procedures such as investing funds, paying rates and taxes, occupational rent, and finalizing the transaction at the Deeds Office to transfer ownership to the purchaser. The overall conveyancing process involves coordination between various role players like attorneys, banks, the Deeds Office, and local municipalities.
Contract law
A contract is an agreement made with the serious intention of being legally bound. There are 5 requirements for a valid contract: consensus, contractual capacity, legality, physical possibility, and formalities. Formalities for contracts like the sale of land include specifying the parties, property, purchase price, agreed upon clauses, and having the agreement in writing and signed by both parties. A contract can contain essential terms, natural provisions, and incidental terms. Conditions can be suspensive, making the contract subject to a condition, or resolutive, allowing cancellation for a breach of a condition. Remedies for a breach of contract include specific performance of the contract, cancellation of the contract, or damages.
Leadership presentation
This document discusses key elements of leadership including definitions, credibility, authenticity, and courage. It defines leadership as a relationship where people choose to follow leaders they deem honest, forward-looking, inspiring and competent. Credibility is the foundation of leadership and is built through consistency and keeping promises over time. Authentic leaders are accountable, ask for feedback, take responsibility, and give credit to others. Both leading and following require courage to engage and believe in shared values and causes.
Unknown of leadership in the next 20 miles
The document provides guidance for leadership. It discusses that the role of a leader is to elicit greatness in others, focusing outwardly on stakeholders brings sustainability and growth. As a leader, the key work involves: 1) defining meaningful external perspectives, 2) determining the business scope, 3) balancing present and future investments, and 4) shaping organizational values and standards. Stories that others can relate to are effective for selling oneself or a product without direct selling.
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在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Framework
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सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
原版定做(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
在线办理(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
2024 Idaho Water Users Association, Sun Valley, Idaho - June 11, 2024. Presented by Payton Hampton and Garrett Kitamura
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaints
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations Demystified
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To ensure the integrity of financial systems and combat illicit financial activities, understanding AML (Anti-Money Laundering) compliance regulations is crucial for financial institutions and businesses. AML compliance regulations are designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities by imposing specific requirements on financial institutions, including customer due diligence, monitoring, and reporting of suspicious activities (GitHub Docs).From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Learn more on how to obtain the work permit for self-employed persons in Italy at https://immigration-italy.com/selfemployment-work-permit-in-italy/.
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Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations Demystified
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SA Legal System
- 2. Sources of SA Law Mixed Legal System 1.Roman LAW (Civil Law) 2.Roman Dutch LAW 3.British LAW (Common Law) 4.Indigenous LAW 5.Human Rights
- 3. Human Rights • This Bill of Rights is a cornerstone of democracy in South Africa. It enshrines the rights of all people in our country and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom. • Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa contains the Bill of Rights • Some of the basic human right are - Right to Equality - Freedom from Discrimination - Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security - Freedom from Slavery - Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment
- 4. Government Our Constitution contains an important democratic principle called the separation of powers. That means that the power of the state is divided between three different but interdependent components or arms, namely the executive (Cabinet), the legislature (Parliament) and the judiciary (Courts of law). 1.Legislative Authority 2.Executive Authority 3.Judicial Authority
- 5. Legislative Authority Authority in charge of making, amending and repealing legislation - Parliament - Provinces - Municipalities Highest authority : SA Constitution
- 6. Executive Authority Authority to give effect to the Law, the power to execute and enforce rules of Law - President & Ministers (National) - Cabinet (collectively) - Premier & Executive Council (Provincial) - Mayor & Municipal Council (Municipal)
- 7. Judicial Authority Authority to give judgement by interpreting the Law - Courts Assisted by: - Prosecuting Authority - SAPS - Correctional Services
- 8. Checks and Balances • The Separation of Power defines ethical boundaries between the 3 arms of Government, to make sure there are checks and balances, so that power is never centralised in one authority. • The purpose of checks and balances is to ensure that different branches of government control each other internally (checks) and serve as counter weights to the power possessed by the other branches (balances) So the authority to take an action, or make a decision, rests with one department, while the responsibility to verify the decision or action rests with another • Another example The President in the executive branch can veto a law, but the legislative branch can override that veto with enough votes.