IAPP Data Protection Congress in Brussels での Viktor Mayer-Schönberger (「ビッグデータの正体」の著者)のKeynote address あるいは同じ内容が書かれた"Data Protection Principles for the 21st Century;”に対する Privacy by Design提唱者のAnn Cavoukianの論争をまとめてみた。というのは、この論争がビッグデータの利活用における個人のプライバシー情報の扱いについての本質的な論点だからだ。
This slide shows (1) AI and Accountability , (2) AI Ethics, (2) Privacy Protection. Several AI ethics documents such as IEEE EAD, EC-HELG Ethics Guideline for Trustworthy AI, Social Principles of Human-Centric AI(Japan), focus on AI's transparency, accountability and trust. We follow the discussions of these documents around the above (1),(2) and (3) topics.
What is Accountability of AI? We answer to this question by clarifying responsibility, explainability and liability of limited autonomous AI with several bright and dark real examples.
Then we move to the concept of "Trust " which is of not limited to single AI system but group AI ‘s behavior.
K-anonymization has been regarded as a great method to make a bad person indistinguishable among k people whose quasi identifiers are same.
It, unfortunately, has a problematic side effect of defamation. In this case, defamation means the case where other good k-1 people are suspected as a bad person because both of a bad person and good people have the same quasi identifiers because of k-anonymization. This slide shows a mathematical model of defamation and proposes an algorithm which minimizes the probability of defamation.
Social Effects by the Singularity -Pre-Singularity Era-Hiroshi Nakagawa
Contents:
Stance of scientists community against Pre-Singularity problems
Amplification vs. Replacement
AI takes over jobs
Boarder line between amplification and replacement
Autonomous driver: trolley problem
The right to be forgotten
Towards black box
Responsibility
Vulnerability of financial dealing system made of many AI agent traders connected via internet
AI and weapon
Filter bubble phenomena
Analogy: Selfish gene
AI and privacy
The right to be forgotten, Profiling and Don’t Track
Feeling of friendliness to android
Again self conscious and identity
7. 提案されたOECD Data Protection Principles
Accountability関連の改正の骨子
a. データ事業者(データ収集者を含む)は、どのようなデータがどのように
使われるか、またデータ源の個人はどのような権利を有するかを開示
しなければならない (無料)
b. データ事業者は、彼らのミスによって起こる可能性のある被害を明記す
ること
c. データ源の個人は、自己データへのアクセス、訂正、消去を速やかに
実行させる権利を持つ。
a. 権利執行にかかる費用は不当なものであってはならない。
d. データ事業者は上記の個人からの要請に応えなければならない。もし
応えられない場合は、その合法的な理由を明示しなければならない
a. ここから先は法的措置であろうか(中川)
13. Data Protection Regulation Revision 抜粋1
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-186_en.htm
• A right to be forgotten:
– When you no longer want your data to be processed
and there are no legitimate grounds for retaining it,
the data will be deleted. This is about empowering
individuals, not about erasing past events or
restricting freedom of the press.
– SchenbergerもCavoukianもこれを重視する点は同じ
• Easier access to your own data:
– A right to data portability will make it easier for you to
transfer your personal data between service providers.
– これはCavoukianのPDEに近い
14. Data Protection Regulation Revision 抜粋2
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-186_en.htm
• Putting you in control:
– When your consent is required to process your data, you must
be asked to give it explicitly. It cannot be assumed. Saying
nothing is not the same thing as saying yes. Businesses and
organisations will also need to inform you without undue delay
about data breaches that could adversely affect you.
– ここはaccountabilityでも対応するかもしれない
• Data protection first, not an afterthought:
– ‘Privacy by design’ and ‘privacy by default’ will also become
essential principles in EU data protection rules – this means that
data protection safeguards should be built into products and
services from the earliest stage of development, and that
privacy-friendly default settings should be the norm – for
example on social networks.
– Canoukianのアイデアを直接利用