Russia is a federation with a population of 142.9 billion people. The majority religions are Russian Orthodox, Islam, Judaism, and Protestant. Over 140 languages are spoken. Russia has a president and prime minister. In 2011, the Nord Stream Pipeline opened as the first direct gas pipeline between Russia and Europe. Russia's economy relies heavily on raw materials and commodities like oil, timber, and gold. Major cities include Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk. Russian culture has contributed notable artists like portraitist Valentin Serov.