William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
First presentation for class - including the introduction and the first tow chapters of the book - Educating Culturally Responsive Teachers by Villegas and Lucas.
Mi Voz, Mi Vida, Latino College Students Tell Their Life Stories. Edited by Andrew Garrod, Robert Kilkenny, Christina Gómez
This presentation summery my reflection and opinion about the book .
Evan Lefsky, Ph.D. is Director of Response to Intervention (RtI) and Leadership Services and a manager at PCG Education. He works jointly with the firm's regional offices on EdPlan™ student success planning projects. Dr. Lefsky has worked in the education field for 20 years and has taught at both the K–12 and college levels. Currently, he provides implementation and leadership support for large-scale RtI initiatives in Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools and Wake County Schools in North Carolina, Miami-Dade Public Schools in Florida, and Fulton County Schools in Georgia. He is also Project Director for two Race to the Top grants from the Florida Department of Education. The first project provides leadership development to school board members, superintendents, senior district leadership, and principals from turnaround schools across the state. The second project provides Common Core State Standards (CCSS) implementation support for more than 630 charters schools across the state.
Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4P...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries of the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South District. To find out the significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and the academic performance and final grade in the previous grade level of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries. Employing documentary, descriptive correlation method of research, frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA and Pearson r from 181 students of Grade VIII in Dipolog City South District Dipolog City. On the other hand, results revealed that students academic performance was satisfactory in terms of the final grade in the previous grade level. A conclusive statement drawn based on the results of the research found no significant relationship between all factors affecting academic performance and the academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries. Sarah Mae C. Aranas | Marilyn G. Barbaso | Genevieve Q. Bermudez | Joan Abigail N. Pelpinosas | Edelene A. Tecson "Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/40078/academic-performance-of-the-grade-viii-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps-beneficiaries-in-dipolog-city-division-south-district/sarah-mae-c-aranas
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2Trident International University .docxbudabrooks46239
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 614
Assignment Case 2
Dr. James Hodges
February 10, 2020
“Impact of Poverty on the Education Success of Children”
Background
Education is one of the most fundamental rights across the world. However, access to education continues to vary cross different communities, cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Numerous studies have attempted to explore the causes of variations in access and successful educational outcomes across different groups of people. Riedi, Dawn and Kim (2017) state that learners with the capacity to deliver high academic performance exist in all income levels across the United States. Nonetheless, the success rates of learners from low-income backgrounds continue to be lower than their wealthy counterparts. While the dropout rates have reduced phenomenally from low-income neighborhoods, children from wealthy families still register the lowest dropout rates. Level of income coupled with gender factors may also play a role in school dropout rates or low academic performance for children from poor backgrounds. A longitudinal qualitative study undertaken by Ramanaik et al. (2018) found that for many poor families, girls’ domestic tasks came at the cost of schooling with greater concerns regarding the need to safeguard their sexual purity. Furthermore, with the rising desire of the girls’ educational and career goals, parents often encourage girls’ agencies to communicate openly both at home and in school. Children from poor households are also less motivated to work harder in school compared to their contemporaries from wealthy backgrounds. Friels (2016) observes that scholars have tried to make efforts towards exploring the influence of poverty on student success. According to Friels (2016), a combination of factors such as poverty, race and ethnicity have been the defining indicators of student academic attainment. For instance, African American children from low-income neighborhoods continue to face challenges such as low classroom attendance and dropout rates compared to their peers from financial stable backgrounds. In light of the above, this qualitative study will investigate the effects of poverty on educational success in children.
Research Problem
The indicators of academic achievements are often widely recognized across different sides of the scholarly divide. They include hard work, student competence and abilities, school culture, as well as teachers’ competencies. While these factors have been expansively identified and explored by scholars, one major area of research has often been overlooked: the extent to which poverty or level of income impacts educational outcomes for children. Renth, Buckley and Pucher (2015) observe that even though studies exist on this problematic area of knowledge, there have been minimal qualitative explorations on the influence of poverty on children’s educational outcomes. For instance, major qualit.
First presentation for class - including the introduction and the first tow chapters of the book - Educating Culturally Responsive Teachers by Villegas and Lucas.
Mi Voz, Mi Vida, Latino College Students Tell Their Life Stories. Edited by Andrew Garrod, Robert Kilkenny, Christina Gómez
This presentation summery my reflection and opinion about the book .
Evan Lefsky, Ph.D. is Director of Response to Intervention (RtI) and Leadership Services and a manager at PCG Education. He works jointly with the firm's regional offices on EdPlan™ student success planning projects. Dr. Lefsky has worked in the education field for 20 years and has taught at both the K–12 and college levels. Currently, he provides implementation and leadership support for large-scale RtI initiatives in Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools and Wake County Schools in North Carolina, Miami-Dade Public Schools in Florida, and Fulton County Schools in Georgia. He is also Project Director for two Race to the Top grants from the Florida Department of Education. The first project provides leadership development to school board members, superintendents, senior district leadership, and principals from turnaround schools across the state. The second project provides Common Core State Standards (CCSS) implementation support for more than 630 charters schools across the state.
Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4P...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries of the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South District. To find out the significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and the academic performance and final grade in the previous grade level of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries. Employing documentary, descriptive correlation method of research, frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA and Pearson r from 181 students of Grade VIII in Dipolog City South District Dipolog City. On the other hand, results revealed that students academic performance was satisfactory in terms of the final grade in the previous grade level. A conclusive statement drawn based on the results of the research found no significant relationship between all factors affecting academic performance and the academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries. Sarah Mae C. Aranas | Marilyn G. Barbaso | Genevieve Q. Bermudez | Joan Abigail N. Pelpinosas | Edelene A. Tecson "Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/40078/academic-performance-of-the-grade-viii-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps-beneficiaries-in-dipolog-city-division-south-district/sarah-mae-c-aranas
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2Trident International University .docxbudabrooks46239
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 614
Assignment Case 2
Dr. James Hodges
February 10, 2020
“Impact of Poverty on the Education Success of Children”
Background
Education is one of the most fundamental rights across the world. However, access to education continues to vary cross different communities, cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Numerous studies have attempted to explore the causes of variations in access and successful educational outcomes across different groups of people. Riedi, Dawn and Kim (2017) state that learners with the capacity to deliver high academic performance exist in all income levels across the United States. Nonetheless, the success rates of learners from low-income backgrounds continue to be lower than their wealthy counterparts. While the dropout rates have reduced phenomenally from low-income neighborhoods, children from wealthy families still register the lowest dropout rates. Level of income coupled with gender factors may also play a role in school dropout rates or low academic performance for children from poor backgrounds. A longitudinal qualitative study undertaken by Ramanaik et al. (2018) found that for many poor families, girls’ domestic tasks came at the cost of schooling with greater concerns regarding the need to safeguard their sexual purity. Furthermore, with the rising desire of the girls’ educational and career goals, parents often encourage girls’ agencies to communicate openly both at home and in school. Children from poor households are also less motivated to work harder in school compared to their contemporaries from wealthy backgrounds. Friels (2016) observes that scholars have tried to make efforts towards exploring the influence of poverty on student success. According to Friels (2016), a combination of factors such as poverty, race and ethnicity have been the defining indicators of student academic attainment. For instance, African American children from low-income neighborhoods continue to face challenges such as low classroom attendance and dropout rates compared to their peers from financial stable backgrounds. In light of the above, this qualitative study will investigate the effects of poverty on educational success in children.
Research Problem
The indicators of academic achievements are often widely recognized across different sides of the scholarly divide. They include hard work, student competence and abilities, school culture, as well as teachers’ competencies. While these factors have been expansively identified and explored by scholars, one major area of research has often been overlooked: the extent to which poverty or level of income impacts educational outcomes for children. Renth, Buckley and Pucher (2015) observe that even though studies exist on this problematic area of knowledge, there have been minimal qualitative explorations on the influence of poverty on children’s educational outcomes. For instance, major qualit.
Engaging Families to Support Indigenous Students’ Numeracy Devel.docxbudabrooks46239
Engaging Families to Support Indigenous Students’ Numeracy Development
Abstract
Indigenous children are performing poorly in mathematical skills compared to their non-indigenous counterparts in the classroom. Reasons such as unequal education opportunities and socio-economic factors have been put forward by education scholars to justify this statement. This paper will look at some of the learning and teaching strategies that can be used in Australian education to help indigenous students in improving their numeracy skills. https://yourhomeworkaide.info/2021/06/02/briefly-describe-an-organization-with-which-you-are-familiar-describe-a-situati/ The teaching and learning skills will revolve around engaging the families, improving the relationship between home and school, and bridging the cultural gap. The parents, the community and the educators have crucial roles in implementing these learning and teaching strategies.
Introduction
Numeracy skills have been an issue in the academic endeavors of many students in Australia. More so the numeracy skills are relatively poor in indigenous students compared to non-indigenous; the achievement gap between indigenous and non-indigenous widen over time and there is worrying evidence that the size of gap in recent years has been increasing (Klenowski, 2009). Indigenous people have not been recognized in the constitution therefore they are living as immigrants in their own mother land; this means they have been sidelined in national development activities, such as education, making it difficult to close the achievement gap between them and non-indigenous people.
Many people use the word numeracy interchangeably with mathematical skills, even though related, numeracy is a broad field that involves mathematical skills, problem solving and communication skills. Numeracy goes beyond the learning process that is mainly employed in a school setting; numeracy involves the understanding of quantitative techniques that are used to communicate, solve problems, respond to issues and help in the day to day undertakings. It is almost next to impossible to achieve numeracy skills without literacy.
Indigenous students have poor numeracy skills that are as a result economic, policy and pedagogical issues. The high levels of truancy and low performance can be attributed to the economic challenges that indigenous students undergo. Educational policies have not been able to provide a level playing grounds for indigenous and non-indigenous children, there has been unequal opportunities in terms of financing, tutelage and the curriculum. All these issues can be solved by engaging the parents and communities in the decision making processes on education issues especially those regarding indigenous students. https://intellectualessay.com/2021/05/08/mgmt2021-business-law-legal-systems-in-the-caribbean/
Literature Review
Pre-schooling
In order to improve the numeracy achievement gap between non-indigenous and indigenous s.
The influence of parents’ socio-economic status on students’ academic perform...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Many rural California high schools are impacted by the disadva.docxalfredacavx97
Many rural California high schools are impacted by the disadvantages of poverty, non-English speaking students, limited
resources, changing demographics, and challenges of the rural context. Focusing on contemporary leadership theories and
school-community interrelationships, this qualitative study examines the practices of educational leaders in three high-
performing, high-poverty, rural California high schools. The authors employed case study methodology using a variety
of data sources including document analysis, interviews, and observations. Cross-case findings revealed that the local
educational leadership had effectively employed multiple instructional, distributed, and transformational practices to
improve student outcomes, and had established multiple formal and informal linkages with institutional entities outside of
the school to accomplish their missions. Contributors to school-wide success in each case included: focus on instruction,
standards, and expectations; strengths of teachers, and; development of multiple support systems for students with varying
needs. Educational leaders in the schools studied with the highest poverty rates and highest percentages of English Language
Learners made significant improvements in student achievement through active involvement of parents and the mobilization
of other external and community resources.
Citation: Masumoto, M., & Brown-Welty, S. (2009). Case Study of Leadership Practices and
School-Community Interrelationships in High-Performing, High-Poverty, Rural California High
Schools. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 24(9). Retrieved [date] from http://jrre.psu.edu/
articles/24-1.pdf
Marcia Masumoto and Sharon Brown-Welty
California State University, Fresno
Journal of Research in Rural Education, 2009, 24(1)
Case Study of Leadership Practices and
School-Community Interrelationships in High-Performing,
High-Poverty, Rural California High Schools
Introduction
California’s large rural population has unique
attributes, with high proportions of minority students and
English Language Learners, and a growing percentage of
economically disadvantaged children (California Department
of Education, 2005). Unlike the declining agrarian and rural
regions in other parts of the nation, many of California’s
rural areas are experiencing population growth.
Between 1970 and 2000, the child population in
the San Joaquin Valley, a predominantly rural region of
California, grew faster than the state average, increasing
by 20% (Goodban, Hedderson, Ortiz, & Branton, 2004).
During the same period, the percentage of White children
in the San Joaquin Valley decreased from 75% to 43% and
the percentage of Latino/a children more than doubled,
growing from 17% to 39% (Goodban, et al., 2004, p. 6).
Approximately 25% of San Joaquin Valley students are
classified as English Language Learners (Jepsen & deAlth,
2005).
In a 2003 national state-by-state comparative analysis,
Ru.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
1. SME 3023 TRENDS AND ISSUES
Topic 1 :
Discussion issues on the disparities in
achievement of students (rural- urban,
cultural influences etc).
Group Members:-
1) Paul Vosko Anak Ranged (D20121059016)
2) Nor Azila Binti Razak (D20112052105)
3) Dg Norhayati Binti Mahamad (D20112052103)
2. WHAT IS URBAN?
An urban area is characterized
by higher population density
and vast human features in
comparison to the areas
surrounding it. Urban areas
may be cities, towns or
conurbations, but the term is
not commonly extended to
rural settlements such as
villages and hamlets.
4. WHAT IS RURAL
The nature of the term 'rural' varies from place to place. It often refers
to areas in the country concerned which are less densely populated.
There are different types of rural areas, depending on how accessible
they are from urban areas.
5. EXAMPLE OF RURAL
Sk Darau, Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah
Sk Serian, Sarawak
6. RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENCES IN STUDENT
ACHIEVEMENT?
1. A comparison of the performance on standardized achievement tests
of students from small, usually rural, schools with those form larger,
often urban, institutions has not produced definitive results.
2. In research completed in the state of New York, Monk and Haller
(1986) found that students from smaller (often rural) schools achieved
as well as students from larger schools.
3. Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR)
4. Moreover, in one New Mexico study, which looked at factors affecting
performance of selected high school students, those attending schools
in rural areas performed as well as those in urban locales (Ward and
Murray, 1985).
NEXT
7. PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO (PTR)
Figure 3: 1997 Pupil Teacher Ratios by location and school ownership
Source: Education Statistics Report, Government of Botswana, 1997
BACK
8. EFFECTS DO PARENTS AND COMMUNITY HAVE ON THE
ATTAINMENT OF RURAL STUDENTS?
One of the negative aspects found in most
accounts is that rural communities possess a much
more limited view of existing occupational roles for
rural youth, who then understandably restrict
themselves when going on the job market and on to
higher education (Downey, 1980).
Smaller communities do tend to generate more
community support for the school, with the school
becoming a center for community activity.
9. STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN RURAL SCHOOLS
Student achievement is greatly affected by the area in which a student
lives. Reasons for the variations in achievement are geographic
location, resources, availability of technology, and quality of teachers.
The small size of rural schools helps to assuage and combat poverty.
In rural areas where both the schools and students have access to high
quality instruction, safe atmosphere, and communal support,
achievement tends to be better than in states where the students do not
have access to these crucial resources (Lee & McIntire, 2000).
Currently, a national rural versus non-rural mathematics achievement
gap does not exist (www.nea.org).
10. STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN RURAL
SCHOOLS
The majority of students that attend urban schools are from minority
families who live below the poverty line. Most often they are from
single-parent families where the parent is usually holding more then
one job to support the family and so little attention is given to the child.
Many urban students are less concerned with learning and achieving a
positive self-image then they are about obtaining food or safety. This
has a large and lasting affect on their student achievement.
In spite of the overwhelming lack of student achievement in urban
schools, there are still a significant amount of students that despite the
circumstances overcome the obstacles and manage to succeed.
12. Ethnicity
With respect to the effect of ethnicity, we follow Lim and
Saleh (2002),
non-Malay natives and immigrants will have significantly
higher scores in educational performance than Malay
Natives.
For eg, immigrants whose native language is not
English; the research demonstrates that quality bilingual
programs can close academic achievement gaps
between language minority and majority children
Research in U.S. (Rosenthal et al. 1983; Fernandez and
Nielsen 1986; Portes and Schauffler 1994; Schmid 2001)
emphasized differences in medium and instruction and
language ability as a primary determinant of the gaps in
educational performance
13. Family Structure
With respect to the effect of family composition and
structure, we follow McLanahan and Sandefur (1994)’s
Students from single-parent and stepparent families
have significantly lower scores in educational
performance than those from two-parent families
For eg, Students who have a disruptive and
unstable home life can have it much more difficult
on the school front when it comes to higher
achievement.
14. Family Socioeconomic
Status (SES)
With respect to the effect of parent’s education, we follow
Sewell and Shah(1968) and Muller (1995)’s
Parental education is positively related to educational
performance achievement Teachman 1987; Ho and
Willms 1996,
Certain types of parent involvement, such as parental
discussions with the children about school-related
topics, such as the importance of getting an
education, benefit students because these students
show higher rates of homework completion and
academic achievement in the middle and high school
years