RUP Overview5. ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ
ﺑﻪﻋ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﭘﺪﺭﺰﻳﺰﻡ،ﻛﻪﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻮﻕ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛
ﺑﻪﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧﻢ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ،ﻛﻪﺑﺪﻭﻥﻳﺎﺭﻱﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫ ﻭﻲﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺍﺵﺍﻳﻦ
ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻧﻤﻲﺑﻮﺩﻡ؛
ﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲﺑﺮﺍﻱﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕﺑﺸﺮﻳﺖﻣﻲ ﺗﻼﺵﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
7. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
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ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻬﺮﺳـﺖ
ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ۱
ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺨﺶ.ﻣﻌــﺮﻓﻲ
ﻓﺼﻞﺍﻭﻝ.ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ۱۱
ﺩﻭﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ۲۸
ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺨﺶ.ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩﺁﺭ ﻱ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺳﻮﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﭘﻲ۶۴
ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﺁﺭ ﺭﻭﺡ ﻭ ﻫﺎ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ۱۰۴
ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﺨﺶ.ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ
ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﭼﺮﺧﻪﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻱ۱۴۶
ﺷﺸﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﹺﺯﻓﺎﺁﻏﺎﺯﻳﻦ)ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ(۱۵۹
ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﹺﺯﻓﺎﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ)ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ(۱۸۱
ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﹺﺯﻓﺎﺳﺎﺧﺖ۲۰۲
ﻧﻬﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺯ۲۲۶
ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﺨﺶ.ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ
ﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﺁﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ۲۵۱
ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦ۲۷۸
ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﻣﺪﻝ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ۲۹۵
ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦﻫﺎ۳۱۱
8. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
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ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦ۳۲۷
ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ۳۴۳
ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﺗﺴﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦ۳۶۱
ﻫﻔﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦ۳۸۱
ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦ۳۹۳
ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ.ﺩﻳﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦ۴۰۷
ﺁﺧﺮ ﹺﻦﺳﺨ۴۲۵
ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻱ۳۴۹
ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻱ۴۴۲
9. ﺧﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﺍﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ
ﻧﮕﺬﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻛﺰﻳﻦ
ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ
ﺑﺁﻣﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﻜﺮﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ،ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻳﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻪ.،ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩﭘﻴﭽﻴ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﺑﺸﺮ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ.ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻳﻚﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻱﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺰﺍﺭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻲ
ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻭ ﻫﺎ.ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻳﻚ ،ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺪﺑ ﻱﺫﻫﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﺑﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﻭ ﻫﺎ
ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ.ﹺﺶﭘﻴ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲﻓﻨ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻲ.ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﹺﻦﻧﻮﺷﺘﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﺯ ﹰﺎﺧﺼﻮﺻ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻱﺑﻮﺩﻥﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ،ﺷﺎﻥﻇﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺎﻫﺎﻱ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ.ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭼﻨﻴﻦﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﹺﻝﻋﻤﺎﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺗﺎ ﻭ ،ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ،ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ
ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨ ﹺﻲﺷﺨﺼ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺪﻩﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﹺﺶﺩﺍﻧ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﻪﻣﻲ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ
ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻏﻨﺎﻱ.
ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻱﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂﺳﺎﻝ۱۳۸۲ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ.ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﻲ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺑﻪ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ،ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭ
ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪﺍﻳﻨ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯﻜﻪﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﭼﺮﺍﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎﻱﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ؟ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭼﺮﺍﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﻫﺎﻱﻚﺗ١
(ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ،ﻣﺸﻜﻞﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ
ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻱﺑﺴﻴ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖﺩﻣﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺎﺭﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ
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-High-Tech
10. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
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ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻱﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ؟ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻱﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭼﺮﺍﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻫﺎ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺖﺻﻨﻌ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ؟ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ،ﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻤﻪﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ؟ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ
ﭼﻧﻤﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺮﺍﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ؟ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﺎ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺷﺮﻛﺖﭘ ﻫﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺲﺭﻭﻧﺪ؟
ﺭﻳﺸ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎﻪﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ
ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ.ﻣﻲ ،ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢﺑﻼﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻲﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻱ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺩﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ:ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖﻣﺴﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱﺋﻞ
ﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱﺋﻪﺭﺍﻩ ﻱﺣﻞﻫﺎﻱ،ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏﭘﺎﺳﺦﺍﻣﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ،ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﻢ؛ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻱﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻌﻲﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻢ
ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱﻫﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺎﮔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺬﺷﺘﻪﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ
)ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻳﻌﻨﻲﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ(ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ.ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺫﻋﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻫﺎﻱﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻢ
ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪﺑﻪﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﻢ؛ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺟﺰ ﺁﻥ ﹺﻢﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﻱﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ
ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻲ.
ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺁﻳﺎﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ)ﻭ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺰﻫﺎ(ﺑﺮﺍ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻱ
ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻳﺎﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ؟ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﻢﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺮﻱﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ؟ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻱ
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻟﻄﻒ ﺑﻪ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻥﺍﻣﻜﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ
ﻧﻤ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖﻮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ،ﺍﻧﺪ.ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻪ ،ﻛﺮﺩ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺪﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨ.ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ،ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ ،ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ،ﺷﺎﻥ،ﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ
ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﺪﺗﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ،ﺷﺎﻥ.
11. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
۳
ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ،ﺑﺴ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻴﺎﺭﻱﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
ﻧﻴﺴﺖ.ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ١
ﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺪﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﹺﻡﻋﺪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻭ ﹺﻝﺍﺻﻮ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﹺﻡﻋﺪ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱﻣﻲ ﻫﺎﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ
ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ،ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻧﮕﺮ ﺪﺩﻳ ﻳﻚﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ،ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﻭ ،ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻱ
ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ،ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻲﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ﻧﺮﻡ ﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴ ،ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪﻳ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﹺﺭﻛﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻚﺍﻱ.
ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ،ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ،ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ،ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ،ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ
ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ،ﻗﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻧﻘﺎﻁﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ،ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ،ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.ﺩﺭﺖﺻﻨﻌ ﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ،ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦﻧﺮﻡﻧﻤﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ
ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺎ ،ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺎﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻫﺎﻱ
،ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﭘ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺬﻳﺮ٢
ﻛﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ؛
ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ)ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﻪﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻱﻫﺎﻱﺑﺮﺗﺮ(ﻣﻲ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ.
ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡﺷﻨﺎﻝﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ٣
ﺩﻫﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷ ﻱﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺘﻪ.ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ،ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
ﺁﺭ ﻥﻋﻨﻮﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻒﺗﻌﺮﻳ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ٤
ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ ،
ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ.
1
-ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﹺﻱﻫﺎﻃﻲ ﺩﺭ ،ﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩﻧﺮﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭼﻨﺪﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﹺﻲﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ)Software Academy(ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ.
2
- Risk
3
- Rational
4
- RUP : Rational Unified Process
ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ
12. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
۴
ﺍﻳﭼﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻦ١
ﭼﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ،ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ،٢
ﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
٣
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ.ﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪ ،ﭘﻲﺍﺍﺳﺖ ﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ؛ﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ،ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ
ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴ ﻭﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.ﺍﻳﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﹺﺏﭼﺎﭼﻮ ﻦﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﺷﺮﻛﺘ ﻱﺑﻪ ﻲ
ﹺﻡﻧﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ
٤
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﻩﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺭﺍ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﻱﺷﺮﻛﺖ
ﺁﻱ.ﺑﻲ.ﻡﺍ
٥
ﻋﻬﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ.
ﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﭘﻲﺍﺳﺖﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ٦
ﻣﺴﺆ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺖﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺎ
ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﹺﻢﺗﻴ ﻳﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ.ﺁﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ.ﻳﻮ.ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﭘﻲ
ﻣﻲﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺪﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎ،ﺣﺘﻲﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻱﻫﺎﻱﻏﻴﺮ
ﻧﺮﻡﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﻫﺪﻑﻓﺮ ﺍﻳﻦﺍﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﻳﻨﺪ:ﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻳﻚﻛﻴﻔﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ،ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻴﺖ
ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﭘﻴﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻱﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻱﺍﺵﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ،ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ
ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻱﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ.
ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﻭﺟﻮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﹺﻉﻣﻮﺿﻮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻫ،ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﺎ
ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ.ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺭﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻣﺪﻝﻳﻮ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ.ﻡﺍ.ﻝﺍ٧
ﻫﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺘﺪﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ،ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ،ﻧﻴﺴﺖ
ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.ﺚﻣﺒﺎﺣ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ،ﻫﺎﺍﺻﻮﻝ ،ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ،
ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺮ ،ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺖ ،ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻫﺎ.ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎ
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ٨
ﻣﻲ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﻳﻢﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻱﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ
ﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﹺﻲﭼﻴﺴﺘ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ.ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﺩﺭ ،ﺷﺪﻩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮ
ﺁﺭ ﺩﺧﻮ.ﻳﻮ.ﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﭘﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
1
- Why
2
- What
3
- RUP : Rational Unified Process
4
- Rational
5
- IBM
6
- Discipline
7
- UML : Unified Modeling Language
8
- Development Process
13. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
۵
ﺑﺤﺚﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺪﻣﺎﻧﻨ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ١
ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ٢
ﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.،ﭘﻲﺁﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺩﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺭﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺑﻬﺒﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ،ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ٣
ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮ ﹺﻖﺗﺤﻘ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﹺﺢﺗﺸﺮﻳ ،٤
ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ،
ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ٥
ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ،ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺩﻣﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ٦
ﻛﻠﻲ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ،ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ،
،ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﺩﺭ ﻛﻪﺣﻴﻄﻪﻱﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻨﺠﻨﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺭﺍ ﺎﺕﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ.
ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ
ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻙ ﹰﺎﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺕﻧﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ،ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ
ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ،ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎ ﺷﺎﻥﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺮ.ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻛﻼﻡ ﻃﻨﺎﺏﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺟﺎﻣﻌ ﺣﻔﻆ
ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲﻱ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺍﻧﺪﻥﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻱﮔﺮﻱﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ،
ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱﺁﺭ ﺩﺧﻮ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ ،ﭘﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ.ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲ ،ﻫﺎﺫﻛﺮ ،ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻱ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ.ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺁﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
)ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻟﻮﺡﻱﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻱﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ(ﺑﺮﻭﺩ.
ﻣﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻌﻲ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻫﺎﻱ
ﺁﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ.ﻳﻮ.ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ،ﭘﻲ
ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ.ﺑﺮﺧﻲﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺯﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺍﻳﻢ.
1
- Customization
2
- Configuration
3
- Process Improvement
4
- Iterative
5
- Architecture
6
- Use-Case Modeling
ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ
14. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
۶
ﹺﻉﻣﻮﺿﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﹺﻝﺍﻭ ﺑﺨﺶﹺﻲﭼﺮﺍﻳ
١
ﺁﺭ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻭ.ﻳﻮ.ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﭘﻲﺍﻳﻢ.ﺑﺨﺶﺑﻪ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﹺﻲﭼﻴﺴﺘ٢
ﺁﺭ.ﻳﻮ.ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﭘﻲ.ﹺﻉﻣﻮﺿﻮﹺﻲﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕ
٣
ﺁﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ.ﻳﻮ.ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﻲﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺁﻥ
ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺬﺍ ،ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﹺﺐﻗﺎﻟ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﺁﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻱ.ﻳﻮ.ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻲ
ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞﺍﻳﻢ.
ﺍﻭﻝ ﹺﺶﺑﺨﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ،ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺑﺮﺭ ،ﺳﻲﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ(ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ،
ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ)ﺩﻭﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ(ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ.
ﺩﻭﻡ ﹺﺶﺑﺨﺁﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ،.ﻳﻮ.ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ،ﭘﻲ)ﺳﻮﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ(،
ﺭﻭﺡ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﺁﺭ ِ.ﻳﻮ.ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ،ﭘﻲﺁﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ(ﺍﺧﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺘﺼﺎﺹ.
ﺳﻮﻡ ﹺﺶﺑﺨﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻱ٤
ﺁﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ.ﻳﻮ.،ﭘﻲ
ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﺁﻏﺎﺯﻳﻦ ﹺﺯﻓﺎ(ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ،ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﹺﺯﻓﺎ(،
ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲﻓﺎﺯ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﹺﺯﻓﺎ(ﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ،ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻑﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱﻱ
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ)ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﹺﺯﻓﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ(ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ.
ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﹺﺶﺑﺨﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ،)ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ(،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ
ﺩﻳﺴﻴﭙﻠﻴﻦﻣﺪﻝ ،ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱ ،ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻱﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ،ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ،ﻫﺎﺳﺘﻘﺍ ،ﺗﺴﺖ ،ﺳﺎﺯﻱ،ﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ،ﻣﺤﻴﻂ.
ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲﺁﺭ ﻱ.ﻳﻮ.ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.ﺁﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﺘﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﻧﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ،ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ
ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪﻣﻲ ،ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻱﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﮕﺸﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ.
1
- Why
2
- What
3
- How
4
- Development Process
15. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
۷
ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ،ﺿﻤﻦ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪhttp://www.unifiedProcess.infoﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ.
ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺗﻲ ،ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﻓﻖﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ.ﺑﺪﻳﻦ
ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻤﺎ ،ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻨﻈﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻳﺪ.ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺩﺭ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ،ﻧﻈﺮ ،ﻓﻜﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﺟﻬﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ.
ﺑﻪﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ،ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﺮﻛﺘﺎﺏﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻧﻘﻄﻪﻱﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻭﻋﻲ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.
ﺑﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩﻣﺎﻩ۱۳۸۵
ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ
19. ﻓﺼﻞاول
ﻣﻬﻢﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻳﻦﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ،ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ:
•ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
•ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻱﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
•ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
•ﻧﺮﻡ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
•ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻱﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻥﻣﻴﺰﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺎﻳﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻱﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
20. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
۱۲
ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ١
ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺷـﮕﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﺯﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻱ.ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩﻻﺯﻡ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱﻣﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖﺷﻮﺩ.ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ،ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﺭ
ﻧﻤﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.
ﺑﻪﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻃﻮﺭﻧﺮﻡ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕﮔﻮﻧﻪ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ.ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪﻩﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ،ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺩﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ
ﺷﻜﻞﻧﻤﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲﻛﺸﻒ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ،ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ
ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.ﺭﻭﺵﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱﺭﻭﺵ ،ﻫﺎﺭﻭﺵ ،ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱﻛﻠﻴﻪ ،ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ،ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱﻱ
ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐﺍﺳﺖ.ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪﺗﻮ ﺑﺸﺮ ،ﻫﺎﻭ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ
ﻧﻬﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺭﻣﺰ ﭘﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ.ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲﺍﺯ ﻫﺎ
ﺍﺗﻢ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻮ ﻳﻚﻫﺎ)ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ(ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺍﺯﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﻫﺎﻱ
ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱﻧﺮﻡ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺩﻫﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺎ ،ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻱﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ،ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﺳﺖ.ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺪﺷﺎﻫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺮ ،ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻱﺖﺳﺎﻋ ،ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻥ ،ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ،ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﻣﭽﻲﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻭ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﻫﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻱ.
1
- Information and Communication Technologies
ﺑﻲﻧﺮﻡ ،ﮔﻤﺎﻥﭘ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻳﻦﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﻣﻲ ﺑﺸﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺮﻡ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻛﻪﻧﻤﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ،ﮔﺬﺭﺩﻱ
ﺷﮕﻔﺖﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ،ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻫـﺎﻱ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
۱
21. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
۱۳
ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺎﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻱﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻱﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱﻃﻮﺭ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﹾﺹﺧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ،ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ،ﺁﻥ ﺕﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ،ﻫﺎﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ،ﺁﻥﺑ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ١
ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ،
ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﹺﻡﻋﺪ ،ﺍﻱﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ،ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻱ
ﺑﻪﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ،ﺻﺮﻓﻪﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ،ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﹺﻡﻋﺪ ،ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ.
ﺣﺪﻭﺩ۵۰ﻧﺮﻡ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ،ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﻝﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻱ
ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ٢
ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ.ﻧﺮﻡ ،ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﹰﺎﻋﻤﺪﺗ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺎﺕ
ﻣﻲﺷﺪ.ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﹺﺢﺳﻄ ﻫﺎﻱ٣
ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻭﺳﺨﺖ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ)ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻛﻢ ِ(ﺍﺯ
ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻱﻧﺮﻡ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻱﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.ﻧﺮﻡ ،ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺳﺨﺖﺳﺨﺖ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ،ﺭﺷﺪ!ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺎﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﹺﻊﺗﺒ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ،ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱﻭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻥﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪ ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﹰﺎﺻﺮﻓﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.ﻧﺮﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺎﻻﺳﺨﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺪﺭﻭﻧ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﹰﺎﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺷﺪ.ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ)ﹺﺶﻧﺭﺍﻳﺎ(ﺑﻮﺩ.
ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ.ﭘﻴﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺪﺍﻳﺶﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺎﻱﺳﺨﺖ ﻫﺎﻱﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻫﺎﻱﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻫﺎ
ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ.ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕﻧﺮﻡ ﻥﺑﺤﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﭘﺮ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ٤
ﻳﺎﺩ
ﻣﻲﺷﺪ.
ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ،ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ۱۹۶۸ﻧﺎﺗﻮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻭ٥
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ
ﹺﻲﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺮ ،ﺑﻮﺩ١
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ،ﺑﺸﺮ ﺪﺟﺪﻳ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦﺷﺪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺑﺎ ،ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ
۲
-ﻧﺮﻡ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ،ﻣﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺭﺳﺪ.
2
- Designers
3
- Low-level Languages
4
- Software Crisis
5
- NATO
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
22. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
۱۴
ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻧﺮﻡ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ،ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ،ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﺍ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺯ
ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ۱-۱ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﹺﻝﺗﺤﻮ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ،٢
)ﹺﺶﻧﺭﺍﻳﺎ(ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﹺﻝﻃﻮ ﺩﺭﻧﺸﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ.
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ۱-۱
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ
ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺑﺴﻴ ﻫﺎﻱﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺎﺭ
)Mainframe(
ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻫﺎﻱﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ
)Time-sharing(
ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
)Personal(
ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻱ
)Network Comp.(
ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ)ﹺﺶﻧﺭﺍﻳﺎﻫﺎ(ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪﺍﻱ)Batch(ﺑﻪ
ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻱﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻱﺷﺪ.
ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻪﹰﺎﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻱ
ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ،ﻗﻴﻤﺖ)interactive(ﻛﺎﺭ ،
ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺮ.
ﻣﻲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﹰﺎﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺵ.
ﻫﻤﻪﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻱﻣﻲ ﻫﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ.
ﻧﺮﻡﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ،ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.ﻣﺨﺪﻭﻡ ﹺﺶﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧ ﺩﺭ ،ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ–ﺧﺎﺩﻡ)client-
server(ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻛﻪﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ،ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﺧﺎﺩﻡ)server(ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ،ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻲ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﺪ.
ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻧﺪ.ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ
ﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ،ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﺷﺪ.
ﻧﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭﻡﻫﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ،ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ.
ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻫﺎﻱﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﻃﻴﻒﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ.
ﻧﺮﻡﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﻛﺎﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺎ.ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊﻧﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﮔﻲﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ
ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ.ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ)interoperability(ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ)portability(ﻣﻄﺮﺡ
ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ.
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ:
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
٣
ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ،ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻪ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻱﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺮﻱﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﹺﺶﺩﺍﻧ
٤
ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺑﻪ ،ﺭﺍﻩ ﻱﺣﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥﺻﺮﻓﻪ
٥
ﹺﺐﻗﺎﻟ ﺩﺭ ،ﻧﺮﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
٦
ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺕﻣﺸﻜﻼ ﻭ ﻞ
١
ﻭﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﻱﻣﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ،ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
1
_ Engineering
2
- Computing
3
- Software Engineering
4
- Scientific Knowledge
5
- Cost-effective
6
- Software Artifacts
23. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
۱۵
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺣﺮﻓﻪ
٢
ﻳﻚ ﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖﺷﻐﻞ
٣
.ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮ
ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻭﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ.ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻐﻞﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ.ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﮔﺮﺩﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﻣﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺁﻳﺪ.،ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ
ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺷﻐﻞ.
ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺩﻓﺮ ﻳﻚﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺴﻲ ،ﺍﻱﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ،ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﹺﻞﻛ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ.
ﺑ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺮﺍﻱﻧﻤﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻧﺰﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ،ﺧﻮﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ،ﮔﻠﻮ ﻱﺭﻭﺩ.،ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺪﻑ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﹺﻲﺳﻼﻣﺘ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺏ.ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺗﻮﺟﻪﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ
ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﺍﻩﺩﻫﺪ.ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺣ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ،ﺍﻱﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻥﺁ ﺍﺯ ﺘﺮﺍﻡ
ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ،ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ،ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ،ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.
ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺳﻪ ،ﹼﻲﻠﻛ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻱ٤
ﻣﻲ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺭﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪ:ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ
٥
،ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ
٦
،ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ
٧
.
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﹺﺭﻛﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺣﺮﻓﻪﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻱﺁﻳﺪ.ﻧﺮﻡ ﹺﺱﻣﻬﻨﺪ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻛﻪ ،ﺍﻱ
ﻣﻲ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﹺﺮﺑﺮﺍﺑ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺪ٨
ﺍﻭﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﻣﻮﺭ.ﻭ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ
ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ٩
ﻧﺮﻡ ﹺﺱﻣﻬﻨﺪ ﻳﻚﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻞ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.ﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺪﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨ ﹺﺮﺳﺮﺍﺳ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺮﺍ
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻱ.
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﻭ ﹰﺎﻋﻤﺪﺗ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻧﺪ:۱-ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ١٠
ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻪﺭﺍﻩ ﻱﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻱﺣﻞﻣﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ۲-ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ١١
ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﻪﺭﺍﻩ ﻱﺣﻞﻧﻮ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﻭﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ.ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ،ﺩﻭﻡ ﻱ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ.
1
- Practical Problems
2
- Career
3
- Job
4
- Professional
5
- Customer
6
- Process
7
- Result
8
- Value
9
- Mission
10
- Routine Design
11
- Innovative
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
24. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
۱۶
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻳﻚﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ،ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ،ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ،ﻓﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ١
ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻙ ،ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ٢
،ﺗﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ،
ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ،ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻱﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻱ.ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ،ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.
ﺑﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺎﻧﺮﻡ ﹺﺹﺧﺎ ﻫﺎﻱﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻥ ﹺﻲﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﻲﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺎﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻙﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺎﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺖﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺍﺳﺖ.ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ،ﻫﺎ:
-ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﺣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻝ)ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ(ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﹺﺮﻏﻴ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ٣
ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
-ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
-ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻧﺮﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.
-ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ.
-ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺭﺷﺘﻪﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻭ ﻫﺎﹰﺎﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ،ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ،ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺧﻞ ،ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭ ،ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ؛.ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﻛﻪ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺎ ،ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ.
-ﺗ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﺮﻡ ﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ،ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺷﻮﺩ.
-ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ،ﹰﻻﻣﻌﻤﻮﭘﻞ ﻭ ﻫﺎﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﭘﻴﺶ ﻱﺑﻴﻨﻲﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺪﻣﻮﻋ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ
ﻣﻲﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ﻧﺮﻡ ﻛﻪﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺳﺮ ،ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﭘﻴﺶ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻱﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
-ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ)ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ(ﻟﻤﺲ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ،
ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
-ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻤﺲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ.ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭ
ﻣﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﻮﺑﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺍﺯﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ.
1
- Cognitive
2
- Enterprise
3
- Non-Systematic
25. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
۱۷
ﺍﻳﻦﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺎﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﺰﺭﮒ ،ﻫﺎﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ،ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻫﺎ.،ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢﻣﻨﺤ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺼﺮ
ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺎﺕ)ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻢﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ،ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻭ(ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺭﻭﺯ ﻫﺮ ،
ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺒﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲﺩﺭﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﻃﻴﻒﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ)ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ
ﻧﺮﻡﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺑﺎﺷﺪ(ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻪﺭﺳﺪ.
ﺁﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ.ﺩﻱ.ﺳﻲ١
ﺱﺍ ﻭﻦﹶﺗﮔﺮﻭﭖ ﺩﻳﺶ٢
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻱﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﹶﺑﻌﺎﺩﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ،ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱﻫﺎﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡﻣﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺷﻮﻧﺪ.ﺑﺮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ،ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺳﻲ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺖﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ.
ﻳﻚﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻱ
٣
ﻧﺮﻡﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻱﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻱﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺑﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ
ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪﺍﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻱﭘﻴﺶﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﻲﻳﻚ ،ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﹺﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱﺖﻛﻴﻔﻴﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ)ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ
ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻫﺎ(ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ،ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻱ
ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ،ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﻧﻤﺎﻳ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻔﻲ ،ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﹺﻡﻣﻔﻬﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﻴﻢ.
ﻳﻚ ،ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻱﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
٤
ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ٥
ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﻪﻱ
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﹾﺖﺩﺳ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻱﻧﺎﻣﻪﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﹰﺎﮔﺎﻫ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﻛﺪ ﻱﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱﻱ
ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲﻣﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﮔﺮﺩﺩ.(ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪﻱﻧﺮﻡﺖﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴ ،ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺧﻮﺩﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ
٦
ﻫﻤﻪ ،ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﹺﻢﺳﻴﺴﺘ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻱﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﹶﻋﻢﺍ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
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- IDC : International Data Corporation
2
- Standish Group
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- Successful Project
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- Software Product
5
- Executable
6
- Self-Supportability
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
26. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
۱۸
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ١
ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ،ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﹺﺭﺣﻀﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ،ﺁﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺯ
ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ،ﺁﻥ.
ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ
٢
،ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻱ.ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻢﭘﺴﻨﺪﻧﺪ.ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ
ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ.ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ،ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﹺﻲﹼﻠﻛ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﻭ:ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖﻫﺎ٣
ﻭ
ﺑﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻱ٤
.ﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﻦﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ؛ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ،ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ
ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﹺﺶﻧﻘ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐﺕﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻫﺎ٥
ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ٦
ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ٧
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﭙﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻳﺪﻣﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭼﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱﺗﻮﺍﻥﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪ؟ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ
ﻓﺼﻞﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺖﻛﻴﻔﻴ ،ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﹺﺵﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﻣﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺗﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻛﺎﻓﻲ٨
ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ.ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ،ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ
ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻲ ﺣﺎﻝﹺﻡﻣﻔﻬﻮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢﹺﻡﻋﺪﺖﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﻳﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻚﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ.ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ۱-۱ﺚﻣﺜﻠ ،
ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ.ﻣﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ،ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ،ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ
ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻱﭘﻴﺶ ﻱﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ،ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﻲﺩﺭﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻱﹺﻡﺗﻤﺎ ﻱ
ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱﺗ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﻱﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻮﺍﻓﻖﺖﺷﻜﺴ
٩
ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ
ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
1
- Administrators
2
- Quality
3
- Conformance to requirements
4
- Fitness for use
5
- Expectations
6
- Customer
7
- User
8
- Good Enough Quality
9
- Failure
27. Software Academy www.software-academy.com
۱۹
ﺷﻜﻞ۱-۱
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺖﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻫﺮﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﻣﻲ ﻃﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻲ ،ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﭼﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﭼﻪ ،ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﭼﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﭼﻪ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ
ﺑﻪ ،ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻥ ﻃﻲﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻱﻣﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺷﻮﺩ.ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ١
ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﹺﻲﻃ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻒﻣﺨﺘﻠﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺭﺍﹰﺎﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣ ،ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪﻓﺮﺍﺪﻳﻨﺪﺗﻮﻟﻴﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
٢
ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩﺷﻮﺩ.ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻱ
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺪﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ،ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ،ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻛﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ.
ﺷﻜﻞ۱-۲ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ،ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎﻱﺩﻫﺪ.ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ
ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ
ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻱﻣ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﻲ،ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﻪ ،ﻛﺴﻲ ﭼﻪ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ
ﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ،ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﭼﻪ.ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ،ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﻤﻲﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ.
1
- Template
2
- Software Development Process
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻱﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
28. ﺁﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.ﻳﻮ.ﭘﻲ
ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭwww.software-academy.com
۲۰
ﺷﻜﻞ۱-۲
ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ
ﺩﺍﺷ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺘﻪﺍﻳﻦ ﹺﻡﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ،ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﺻﺮﻑ ،ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﻳﻚ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ،ﺁﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ
ﻣﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻴﻢﻓﺮﺍﻳ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ،ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﮓﻓﺮﻫﻨ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ؛ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻨﺪﻫﺮﮔﺰ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ
ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ.
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺏﺧﻮ ﺪﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺩﺭ١
ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﻲ ،.ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ
ﺍﻳﻦﻣﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺪﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ،ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ،ﻧﻮﻳﺲﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻭ ،ﮔﺮ
ﻣﻲ ،ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺗﻮﺍﻥﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚﻧﺮﻡ ﻱﭘﻴﺶ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ.
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﭙﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﹺﻖﻣﻮﻓ ﻱﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ؟
ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻧﺮﻡ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ؟ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻱﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱﺍﻧﺪ؟
ﻧﺮﻡ ﺁﻳﺎﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ؟ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺷﺪ؟ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ؟ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ
ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻱﻫ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﻤﻪﻧﺮﻡ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ؟ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻱﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ؟ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ.
ﺑﻪﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ،ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﺮ.ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﻣﺎﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻱ
ﭘﺮﻭﮊ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﻩﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ،ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﭼﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻱﺑﺎﺷﺪ.،ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻣﺎ
1
- Well-Defined Process