Running Head ORGNIZATION ASSESSMENT1ORGANIZATION ASSESSMENT.docx

Running Head: ORGNIZATION ASSESSMENT 1
ORGANIZATION ASSESSMENT 6
Organization Assessment
BUSN601
14 Jul 19
ORGANIZATION ASSESSMENT
Question 1.
Apple employees are not covered by agreements of collective
bargaining neither are they represented by trade unions
currently. Trade unions and collective bargain agreements are
not popular in the Silicon Valley tech industry giants such as
apple. This fact has for long been attributed to the perceived
employee loyalty to their hiring organizations. Partly this is
because of the proactiveness of these organizations to hire and
fire employees thus the employees seem a bit scared to start
initiatives geared towards forming or joining an existing trade
union. An appl employee in the year 2018 started the process of
forming a trade union, an action which was not received warmly
from the vast employees though this may be due to the
cowardice of the employee to publicly support the initiative
which the initiator says receives a lot of positive private
responses (Calmfors & Horn, 2016). .
Question 2.
Apple organization has got 506 retail stores spread across the
world in 24 countries. Some of these stores are run by

expatriates who are recruited from various parts of the world
and posted appropriately to serve the particular needs of the
clients. These employees undergo training and receive
subsequent support from the organization during the repatriation
phase.
Question 3.
The internet is an important tool for any technological
organization and apple is not an exception. On the contrary,
apple extensively utilizes the internet to monitor progress and
development of its employees around the world. This is done
through various internet automated productivity evaluation
programs run by the organization as well as employee
development programs which seeks to assist the employee to
adapt effectively to their work conditions and meet productivity
thresholds set thereof through guidance of senior employees.
Question 4.
Apple ships products around the world ranging from phones,
tablets, television screens computers, laptops as well as laptop
and computer accessories. These products are mostly
standardized especially with regard to hardware and form
factors. Although these products receive different support
services and differ with regard to software specifications. There
do exist as well products which are specifically tailored with
specifications for particular markets, though this is not a
common phenomenon in the production practice of the
organization.
Question 5.
The promotional tactics employed by the organization are
largely similar to those practiced in the local market but for a
few exceptions. In the Chinese market, the products are a bit
more tailored to meet Chinese consumers’ tastes which include
increase in the resources attached to the product as well as
security enhancements. In the domestic as well as the rest of the
international market, the promotional strategy is through
continuous innovation tactics aimed at bettering of the product.
Question 6.

The distribution channels employed by the company are mostly
reliant upon the retail stores that the organization owns across
the globe. Complementary to these stores, the company works
with various shipping organizations to have the products
shipped to the customers who can order them online (Walla &
Schweiger, 2017).
Question 7.
The company practices local procurement on a large scale with
various requirements for production being sourced from various
markets. These products include memory chipsets used to
produce the electronic gadgets produced by the company as well
as screens and in some cases processors.
Question 8.
The company practices global production. The design of apple
products takes place in San Francisco, USA as the
manufacturing of the products is done in China as well as India
as apple seeks to tap into the low costs of manufacture in these
countries as compared to the USA D (O'Rourke, 2018).
Question 9.
The company outsources goods for instance the screens of a
number of their gadgets are bought from different
manufacturers. Insourcing is also common at apple for instance
the use of apple designed processors is an iconic feature of the
various apple products (Balaji, Qian & Moolsintong, 2016).
Question 10.
The supply chain of electronics is led by major technological
companies among which Apple is one of the leaders. Major
competition for Apple is by Samsung, Huawei, Lg as well as
Blackberry (Chan, Pun & Selden, 2016).
Question 11.
Import and export of goods is through procurement of supply
contracts which are not significantly affected by currency
fluctuations around the world because of the trading terms
agreed by the organizations during the signing if contracts and
these contracts are not modified to cope with currency
fluctuations (Chan, Pun & Selden, 2015).

References
Calmfors, L., & Horn, H. (2016). Trade Unions, Wage
Formation and Macroeconomic Stability. Springer.
Chan, J., Pun, N., & Selden, M. (2015). AND TRADE
UNIONS. The Routledge Companion to Labor and Media, 290.
Chan, J., Pun, N., & Selden, M. (2016). Apple, Foxconn, and
China’s new working class. ILR Press, an imprint of Cornell
University Press.
Walla, P., & Schweiger, M. (2017). Samsung versus Apple:
smartphones and their conscious and non-conscious affective
impact. In Information Systems and Neuroscience (pp. 73-82).
Springer, Cham.
D O'Rourke, A. (2018). The world apple market. Routledge.
Balaji, S. K., Qian, A., & Moolsintong, P. J. (2016). U.S. Patent
No. 9,485,338. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
ART102
Art History II
Unit 4 LectureThe Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century

Baroque is a style associated with 17th century
Europe. It is sometimes considered the final phase
of the Renaissance, but it holds up well on its own.
Again, inspired by the Renaissance, the Baroque
artists expand that knowledge into a dynamic style
with dramatic lighting and expressive style.
Baroque
Caravaggio: The Entombment of Christ. Ca. 1602-1603.
Oil on canvas. Vatican City, Rome.
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew
Judith and Her
Maidservant with the
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David
Colonnade of St. Peter’s
Las Meninas

Juan de Pareja
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
Caravaggio is an Italian Baroque artist that
revolutionized the art styles of the 17th century.
Rather than idolizing the human forms as in the
Renaissance, he painted models of everyday life,
directly onto the canvas. His paintings are filled with
ordinary people, because he painted the people and
surroundings that he knew.
Jesus is hidden in the shadows, within a crowd
of commoners. The dramatic scene is heightened
by the extreme spotlight and spaces obscured by
blackness. This extreme lighting is called chiaroscuro.
Caravaggio
The Calling of St. Matthew
Ca. 1599-1600
Oil on canvas
Contarelli Chapel,
San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century

Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew
Judith and Her
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David
Las Meninas
Juan de Pareja
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
Our first female artist!
Gentileschi was the daughter of a painter, and so
she had the ability to study painting without facing
the societal standards in place for women’s roles.

Her collection of work is outstanding. She paints
in the Baroque style with expression, dramatic
lighting, and technical ability that surpasses her
male contemporaries.
The fact that she is a woman is the only reason
she wasn’t as famous as the male artists, so we will
honor her success here.
Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith and Her Maidservant
with the Head of Holfernes
Ca. 1625
Oil on canvas
The Detroit Institute of Art
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew
Judith and Her
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David

Las Meninas
Juan de Pareja
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The flair for drama and expression in the Baroque
period is also evident in their sculpture.
Bernini was a sculptor as well as architect, and his
style is energized, dynamic, and deeply emotional.
Gianlorenzo Bernini
The Ecstasy of St. Teresa
Ca. 1645-1652
Marble
Cornaro Chapel,
Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew

Judith and Her
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David
Las Meninas
Juan de Pareja
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
Gianlorenzo Bernini
David
Ca. 1623
Marble
Galleria Borghese, Rome
Bernini’s expressive style is evident in his sculpture
of David, especially if we compare it to the previous
ones by Donatello and Michelangelo.

Bernini’s David is alight with action, he is in the
process of taking down his enemy Goliath. His face
shows powerful emotion.
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew
Judith and Her
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David
Las Meninas
Juan de Pareja
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century

Gianlorenzo Bernini
Vatican City, Rome
Bernini designed the colonnade of St. Peter’s
square. Using grand architectural elements
reminiscent of Ancient Rome, he created a circular
enclosure, which he meant to be “the embrace of
the Mother church.”The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew
Judith and Her
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David
Las Meninas
Juan de Pareja
The Baroque in

the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
Diego Velazquez
Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor)
Oil on canvas
Museo del Prado, Madrid
Velazquez was a prominent Spanish painter, inspired
by the dramatic style of Caravaggio. His Maids of
Honor is the masterpiece he is most known for.
Both a group portrait and a genre scene, Velazquez
places himself within the crowd of royals, standing
with his palette and brushes in front of the 10 ½
foot tall canvas, which will become this painting.
The central figure is a young Princess Margarita,
surrounded by her maids. A mirror on the back wall
reflects her parents, the King and Queen of Spain,
in an homage to Van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait.
By presenting this scene from many vantage points,
the viewer as well as the painter become a part of
the scene, rather than simply looking on.
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century

Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew
Judith and Her
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David
Las Meninas
Juan de Pareja
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
It has been mentioned that Titian and Tintoretto
painted with more openness, leaving brushwork
in the paint to reveal the painter’s process. Here,
we start to see that expressive paint handling in
Velazquez’s portrait Juan de Pareja.

The most astonishing aspect of this technique is
this: we see the pattern of the paint and how it was
brushed on without any fussiness, and yet the image
still appears life-like.
Diego Velazquez
Juan de Pareja
Ca. 1650
Oil on canvas
The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
Baroque
The Calling of
St. Matthew
Judith and Her
Head of Holfernes
The Ecstasy of
St. Teresa
Bernini’s David
Las Meninas
Juan de Pareja

The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
In the Netherlands, the Baroque style was defined by
Ruben’s monumental achievements in religious and
secular images.
Peter Paul Rubens
The Raising of the Cross
Ca. 1610-1611
Triptych
Antwerp Cathedral, Belgium
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
Marie de Medici

Portrait of Charles I
Hunting
Married Couple in
a Garden
The Night Watch
A Maid Asleep
Peter Paul Rubens
Marie de Medic
Ca. 1622-1625
Oil on canvas
Musee du Louvre, Paris
Ruben’s style is characteristic of the Baroque,
with dramatic lighting, complex compositions, and
energetic scenes. Nothing could further from the
truth when viewing his Marie De Medici painting:
he has made the simple task of walking off a ship
into a grand event!
The image of the walk down the plank is flanked by
allegorical figures, both in the sea as well as the sky,
and they seem to be celebrating Marie’s arrival.
The manner in which Rubens handles paint is similar
to Velazquez, and in the tradition of Titian and
Tintoretto: the brushstrokes energetic and bold,
and that type of surface on a painting adds to the
energy of the scene.
The Baroque in

Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
Marie de Medici
Hunting
Married Couple in
a Garden
The Night Watch
A Maid Asleep
Anthony van Dyck
Portrait of Charles I Hunting
Ca. 1635
Oil on canvas
Anthony van Dyck was the only other Flemish painter
besides Rubens that achieved national acclaim during
his lifetime. An apprentice to Rubens, van Dyck used

his knowledge of the Baroque style and established
himself as painter to the English court.
Van Dyck’s style for royal portraits is vastly different
from that of Holbein and the Tudor portrait.
Instead of displaying his power and wealth through
expensive clothing and setting, Charles I is pictured
in a natural landscape with his horse, after a hunt.
This natural setting and relaxed attitude was the
standard used for a century of portraits, including
many early portraits of U.S. Presidents.
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
Marie de Medici
Hunting
Married Couple in
a Garden
The Night Watch

A Maid Asleep
Frans Hals captures the essence of the Baroque of
the Netherlands. Compared to Van Eyck’s Arnolfini
Portrait, Hals’ double portrait is casual and relaxed.
The couple are comfortable together, and their
faces are animated, as if drawn from life.
Frans Hals
Married Couple in a Garden
Ca. 1622
Oil on canvas
Rijkmuseum, Amsterdam
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
Marie de Medici
Hunting

Married Couple in
a Garden
The Night Watch
A Maid Asleep
Rembrandt’s commission for a group self-portrait is
pivotal in the way portraits have been seen. Every
member of this group paid an equal share to be
in this painting, and yet Rembrandt painted them
without equal visual importance. He refused to
ignore his desire for a dynamic painting, rich with
drama and light.
Rembrandt van Rijn
The Night Watch
Oil on canvas
Rijkmuseum, AmsterdamThe Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
Marie de Medici

Hunting
Married Couple in
a Garden
The Night Watch
A Maid Asleep
Vermeer’s paintings epitomizes all that classifies the
Dutch Baroque’s “Golden Age”.
His paintings are intimate, quiet genre scenes of
simple, everyday life.
The light he captures in his work is softly diffused,
and the interiors from his own home.
Vermeer had a mastery in replicating fabrics,
objects, people, and space. So much so, modern
scholars question whether he used a camera
obscura, an early devise used as a simple camera,
that can project images onto canvas.
Johannes Vermeer
A Maid Asleep
Oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art
New York
The Baroque in
the Netherlands

17th century
Marie de Medici
Hunting
Married Couple in
a Garden
The Night Watch
A Maid Asleep
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Baroque in France is very different, due to the
totalitarian power of the French Kings and Court.
Here, we see the style Poussin, who looked to
create idealizes historical paintings inspired by
classical art of antiquity. Dramatic light is not
employed here, instead a highly descriptive
narrative is preferred. Poussin spent most of his
career in Rome.

Nicolas Poussin
The Death of Germanicus
Oil on canvas
Minneapolis Museum of Art
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Death of
Germanicus
Landscape with
St. John on Patmos
Portrait of Louis XIV
Hall of Mirrors
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
Poussin is also the painter most noted for his
idealized landscapes, serene images of well balanced
landscapes of no particular location. They are filled
with references to the Bible as well as Ancient
Roman traditions, which symbolize the time’s
influence.

Nicolas Poussin
Landscape with St. John on Patmos
Oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Death of
Germanicus
Landscape with
St. John on Patmos
Hall of Mirrors
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
In this life-sized portrait of King Louis XIV, we can
see his authority, power, and wealth in the image.
Draped in his coronation robe, surrounded
by opulent fabrics and objects, with an air of
confidence and authority, there is no doubt King
Louis XIV had immense power.

Hyacinthe Rigaud
Oil on canvas
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Death of
Germanicus
Landscape with
St. John on Patmos
Hall of Mirrors
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
King Louis XIV moved his entire court to reside in
Versaille, so that he could enjoy the splendor of his
Palace. The Hall of Mirrors is so luxurious, it has
been called one of the seven wonders of the world,
and was the location of the Treaty signing that
ended WWII.

Hall of Mirrors
Palace of Versaille
The Baroque
in France
17th century
The Death of
Germanicus
Landscape with
St. John on Patmos
Hall of Mirrors
The Baroque in
Italy and Spain
17th century
The Baroque in
the Netherlands
17th century
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ART102
Art History II

Unit 2 LectureThe Early
Renaissance in Italy
15th Century
The High
1495-1520
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
The Sacrifice of Isaac
Linear Perspective
Dome of the Florence
Cathedral
Ghiberti: The Story of
Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The Delivery of the Keys

The city of Florence became the center stage for
the Renaissance, due to the high population of
humanists, as well as the city’s programs to beautify
the city through artistic competitions.
The Early Renaissance artists continue to challenge
the Christian dogma that empowered Europe for
centuries, and instead turned to philosophic ideas,
human achievements and the natural world.
Artists are establishing personal styles, where their
work can be recognizable to their talent. In the 15th
century, artists are becoming famous for their skills,
and it is the first time in history where artistic ability
is seen as a gift from God.
Italian artists hold a high rank in society, and they
believe they are the key to creating a new world
based on the ancient ideals.
The art itself, like St. Mark by Donatello, exemplifies
the desire to re-create life itself through art. We
see a high level of representational accuracy, where
figures appear alive, in motion, in thought. This art
has emotional and technical power.
Donatello
St. Mark
Ca. 1411-1413
Marble
Museo di Or San Michele, Florence
The High

1495-1520
Brunelleschi and Ghiberti were two artists
competing for the commission of creating bronze
doors for the Baptistery. The goal was narrative
clarity, technical mastery, artistic innovation, and
emotional power. Ghiberti won the competition and
the commission.
Filippo Brunelleschi
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Ca. 1401-1403
Gilt bronze relief panel
Lorenzo Ghiberti
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
Linear Perspective
Cathedral

Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The High
1495-1520
After his defeat for the commission of the
Baptistery doors, Brunelleschi began studying
ancient architecture. He carefully created measured
drawings of buildings around the Mediterranean, in
order to discover their architectural secrets.
Through these careful drawings, he discovered
linear perspective, a technique for making a
two-dimensional surface appear to have three-
dimensional space.
Linear perspective has three key elements in order
to make the technique successful: a horizon line, a
vanishing point, and lines at that point.
All Renaissance artists employed linear perspective
in their paintings in order to create spatial depth.
Keep an eye out for it!

Thanks to this study, Brunelleschi was
commissioned to complete the Florence Cathedral,
which began construction 200 years prior.
Linear Perspective
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
Linear Perspective
Cathedral
Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The High
1495-1520

Creating a dome of this size was an unprecedented
feat for Brunelleschi. He accomplished this by
creating two shells, and interior and an exterior,
supported by a rib system. The small cupola on the
top (seen on the outside) locks all the ribs together
This dome is 140 feet wide by 295 feet tall.
Dome of the Florence Cathedral
Ca. 1420-1436
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
Linear Perspective
Cathedral
Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus

The High
1495-1520
Lorenzo Ghiberti
The Story of Jacob and Esau
Ca. 1435
Despite the competitive nature of earning artistic
commissions, the artists themselves were friends,
oftentimes collaborating on new ideas and
techniques. Ghiberti spent 22 years completing
the first set of Baptistery doors, then was asked
to create another. These took him 27 years to
complete. You can see the elements of linear
perspective being used in his gilt bronze panels.
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
Linear Perspective
Cathedral
Jacob and Esau

Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The High
1495-1520
Fra Angelico
The Annunciation
Ca. 1440–1445
Here we see Fra Angelico, a monk working as
an artist, employ linear perspective to create a
balanced, peaceful scene of the Annunciation, the
moment Mary was told by the Angel Gabriel she
would give birth to the Son of God. Fra Angelico
is also known for moving away from the complex,
abundant compositions of previous altarpieces in
favor of one panel, arranged simply yet accurately.
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark

Linear Perspective
Cathedral
Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The High
1495-1520
The Biblical hero David has been a patron of
Florence for centuries, and identified as the
defender of the city.
Donatello created this version of David for the
Medici family, a powerful merchant family from
Florence.
David is depicted as an ancient Greek God, as the
traditional idealized youth. This suggests that a
youthful, perfected human form is a gift from God.
He stands at rest, after the battle with Goliath

and his victory. His foot rests on the severed head
of Goliath, and he casually hold his sling shot in
his left hand. His natural, relaxed stance is called
contraposto.
This may have been the first life-sized, free-standing
(without support) nude sculpture created since
antiquity.
Donatello
David
Ca. 1420s-1460s
Bronze
Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
Linear Perspective
Cathedral
Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation

Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The High
1495-1520
Botticelli became the favorite painter for the Medici
family. The central image is Venus, born of the sea.
She drifts ashore by the aid of the wind gods on
the left, into the robes held by a woman on the
right. Botticelli’s figures seem weightless,
as if they are floating.
Sandro Botticelli
The Birth of Venus
Ca. 1485
Tempera on panel
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
Linear Perspective

Cathedral
Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The High
1495-1520
By the end of the 15th century, Rome was
becoming a major artistic center. They turned to
the Florentine artists to create empowering images
of the Christian doctrine within the Vatican. The
popes wished to create a grand collection of art that
surpassed the art of their pagan past. Perugino’s
symmetrical design weighs heavily on the use of
linear perspective.
Pietro Perugino
Ca. 1482
Fresco

Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome
The Early
15th Century
Donatello: St. Mark
Linear Perspective
Cathedral
Jacob and Esau
Fra Angelico:
The Annunciation
Donatello: David
The Birth of Venus
The High
1495-1520
In this brief, 25-year time period known as the
High Renaissance, history has seen a surge of

artistic creation that “surpass the age of the
ancients” (Giorgio Vasari).
Notable artists such as Leonardo da Vinci,
Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian achieve fame
in their lifetime, dubbed “genius” or “divine” by
their followers, and respected as intellectuals
within society.
Each artist created a unique style, but all carried
the same guidelines:
• A high level of technical skill
• An understanding of natural forms of antiquity
• Balance and clarity in their compositions
• Emotional power conveyed through the
human forms
Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man, found in one of his many
notebooks, has become the visual epitome of the
High Renaissance and its accomplishments.
Using the symmetrical shapes of the square and
circle, da Vinci visualizes the perfected proportions
of the human being through careful observation.
Leonardo da Vinci
Vitruvian Man
Ca. 1487
Pen and ink
Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice

The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David
The Creation of Adam
The School of Athens
Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century
Leonardo da Vinci created this fresco in the dining
hall of a monastery. Inventive by nature, da Vinci
experimented with the traditional fresco painting
technique. Unfortunately, his efforts made this
masterpiece incredibly fragile.

The composition is perfectly symmetrical, centering
the vanishing point behind the head of Jesus, so
that everything in the painting points to Him, to
show his importance.
The scene is full of emotional drama, the apostles
look like they are reacting to something that just
happened.
Rather than seeing an image of the supper, we are
witnessing the moment after Jesus declares “one of
you will betray me”. This reactionary scene lends to
the emotional impact.
All the elements of this piece are careful
observations of nature. The light pouring into the
room behind the head of Jesus serves as a halo.
Artists stop using the Medieval gold halo, in favor of
creating accurately life-like imagery.
Leonardo da Vinci
The Last Supper
Ca. 1495-1498
Oil and Tempera on plaster
Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper

The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David
Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century
Leonardo da Vinci created this portrait of a young
woman, Lisa di Gherardo. This Mona (Madonna)
Lisa, stayed with da Vinci for the rest of his life.
He died in France, upon which the King of France
claimed it for his collection. It has been in Paris
ever since. The infamy of this painting comes from
its history as much as its technical skill, and has
become an icon of art history.
Why is she so important? In historical perspective,
da Vinci was the first of his Italian artists to create
a formal portrait of a person in such a natural style.
No expensive clothing or jewelry to symbolize her
wealth and station in society, she is simply dressed
and surrounded by a simple landscape.

She sits in three-quarter pose, sits in a relaxed
position with her hands casually draped on her lap.
The colors were achieved by painting in thin layers,
slowly built up so that the surface appears to glow
from within.
She appears to be washed in light, with lightness
touching her features while the rest lie in shadows.
This light to dark technique is called chiaroscuro.
Leonardo da Vinci
The Mona Lisa
Ca. 1503-1505
Oil on panel
The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David

Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century
Michelangelo
The Pieta
Ca. 1498
Marble
St. Peter’s, Rome
Michelangelo was acclaimed by his peers, and the
most influential artist in all of art history. The man
was a genius when looking at his technical skill and
emotional sophistication.
The Pieta is a sculpture he created when he was 24
years old, and he lived into his 80’s. Michelangelo
believed that the true vehicle of expression is the
human form itself, and he spent a lifetime refining
his ability to create life out of paint and marble.
The Pieta, the moment Jesus is taken down from
the cross and placed in his mother’s lap, was usually
depicted with elements of agony and remorse.
Michelangelo instead creates a moment of calmness
and tranquility, transcendence.

The composition of this larger-than-life sculpture
is balanced and stable, and although Mary appears
delicate and young, she easily supports the weight
of Jesus.
The attention to carefully observed detail in this
piece assured his fame throughout Europe.
The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David
Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century

Michelangelo
David
Ca. 1501-1504
Marble
Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence
Like Donatello before him, Michelangelo was
commissioned to create a sculpture of David, but
this was for the city of Florence itself.
Originally this stood outside of the Florentine
government building (seen in Unit 1: go back and
you can see a replica of this statue in the picture!).
He orginally had a gilt bronze sash of yes, fig leaves,
around his hips, as well as a crown on his head.
This statue has a great deal of power: this David is
not victorious, he is pensive. He waits, as if ready to
attack. There is energy in this work, because it is the
moment before something is going to happen.
David is portrayed as a nude male youth, a tradition
the Renaissance artists used from the Ancient
tradition of created gods and goddesses in similar
fashion.
The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man

The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David
Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century
Michelangelo
Ca. 1508-1512
Fresco
Portion of the Sistine Chapel ceiling
Vatican, Rome
The Sistine Chapel ceiling paintings are what
Michelangelo is most known for. Here again, as in all
of his work, he creates a moment of anticipation. This

time, it is the moment God is about to give Adam life,
through a single touch. As you can see, they aren’t
touching yet. This heightened sense of anticipation,
of something that’s about to happen, with its implied
energy, is what gives his work such power.
The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David
Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century
Raphael was a contemporary of Michelangelo, and

he was working on this fresco while Michelangelo
was working on the Sistine ceiling. It is believed
that Raphael was inspired by the variety of poses
Michelangelo used in the ceiling, and Raphael
used that inspiration to create a group of dynamic
philosophers that epitomizes the knowledge of the
ancient world. The setting is modern architecture,
constructed with linear perspective in a balanced
composition, in typical High Renaissance fashion.
Raphael
Ca. 1508-1511
Fresco
Stanza della Segnatura
Vatican, Rome
The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David

Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century
Titian
Assumption of the Virgin
Ca. 1516-1518
Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Venice
Meanwhile in Venice, Titian was a notable artist who
achieved fame in his lifetime just like da Vinci and the
other Florentine / Roman High Renaissance artists.
Titan created highly dramatic images by using
dynamic compositions, bright colors, and bold
brushstrokes.
The figures are all twisting and gesturing with a high
level of drama and a heightened sense of activity.
The colors are strong, rich bright oranges and deep
blues, and the sky seems alight with fire. Combined
with the dark shadows that are almost black, this
contributes to the dramatic effect.
The High

1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David
Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early
15th Century
Titian was known for pushing the boundaries
of subject matter, color and technique, and
this painting is certainly no exception. Instead
of looking at an idealized image of a nude
goddess, we see a naked woman. She is perfectly
comfortable with herself, as she meets our gaze
with confidence. The composition is off-centered,
and the colors are bold. It was a controversial

painting in its time, and has become the piece
Titian is most famous for.
Titian
Venus of Urbino
Ca. 1538
Oil on canvas
Gallerie degli Uffizi, Florence
The High
1495-1520
Vitruvian Man
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
The Pieta
David
Assumption of
the Virgin
Venus of Urbino
The Early

15th Century
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Running head: FORD MOTOR COMPANY 1
FORD MOTOR COMPANY 2
BUSN601
30 June 19
Ford Motor Company
This is one of the companies that I have found to be very
beneficial working with during my internship. Ford is among
the most famous and more profit-making motor companies in
the United States. Ford Motor Company is referred to as the
king of all innovations and inventions in the automobile
industry. They have been able to compete effectively in the
global automobile market because of their old heritage and the
impressive job that they are still doing. Ford Motor Company is

situated in Turkey, Dearborn, Kansas City, Missouri, Mexico,
and Venezuela. This company despite being a stable and a very
competitive company, it also faces challenges on a daily basis
(Savitz, 2013).
Communication is one of the things that builds a firm and
stable organization that is able to withstand the competitive
environment. Leaders should know how to carefully
communicate with their employees so as to come up with a
concrete solution and thus improve on productivity. As a leader,
take time to listen to your employees’ opinion because their
opinion really counts when it comes to decision making. After
an assessment has been done on the performance of your
employees, take time to go through the assessment with them
and help them know their weak and strong points. Once you
have known the strong point of your employees build up on
them for the benefit of the whole organization. Give a chance to
employees to express their mind to you concerning the
development of the organization (Tarique et al., 2015).
The economic situation of the country in which Ford has
set up their operation is very important for its performance as a
company. This means that the growth in capacity of the
available market will in the end be a contributing factor for the
achievement of the targeted consumers by the company. Ford
has tried to venture into some of the countries that are
politically and economically stable such as Cuba which is rich
in oil and has made it possible for the company to be
established and compete effectively in the market. It is very
difficult for Ford to invest in countries that will bring their
company to a downfall. This is due to the fact that the
environment of the company determines the success or failure
of the company. It determines the span of survival of the
company (Alkhafaji & Nelson, 2013).
Apart from investing in politically and economically stable
countries, it is important to realize that the purchases done in
the motor industry have a very great impact on the performance
of the industry. The purchases may end up affecting the market

quality where the company has established its branches.
The operation of Ford Company is continually being
affected by the political laws set in different countries where
they are investors. The continual establishment of new
constitutions in most of the developing countries has made it
difficult for the Ford Company to fully investing in them. This
is because of the effect that it has on its operation. In some of
the countries the government is able to go ahead and give more
favors to the domestic companies compared to the foreign ones
and alters with the operation of the foreign companies. When
the government does this it usually aims at ensuring that the
domestic companies are stable. When the domestic companies
are stable, the government is able to benefit from it. When Ford
invests in these countries it becomes negatively affected
because most customers focus their attention to the domestic
investors. This means there will be more losses compared to
profits (Lester, 2015).
Another political challenge that Ford is bound to face is
the labor laws. Labor laws in one country may favor the
operation of Ford Company while in another country it might
not. In the country where the labor laws don’t favor Ford, it
affects its operations and activities. This completely affects the
stability of the company.
The mode of investment of Ford Company in foreign
countries is through Foreign Direct Investment which decreases
the chances of unemployment; it improves the foreign exchange
reserves; it makes it possible to transfer new technologies into
respective countries and customers are able to access goods
internationally. This mode of foreign investment has made it
possible for example for Ford to invest in Pakistan (Shenkar et
al., 2014).
The marketing strategy of Ford makes it possible for the
company to maintain its stability. For instance; in any given
country of investment Ford has tried to distribute outlets, in all
the major cities, industrialized markets and all the markets that
are well established. This makes it easy for the consumers to

access the products easily and at the comfort of their own
countries. They also use print media, online media and direct
selling of products to market their goods (Campopiano et al.,
2014)
Due to the stability and establishment of Ford Company, it
has had a chance to develop an exit strategy that makes it
possible for goods to be sold in foreign countries. Ford
recognizes the importance of having shareholders. This is
because Ford is no longer fully owned as a family property but
rather as a public property and this makes it possible for the
company to maintain its stability. Despite Ford being a very
well-known and established company, I have enjoyed working
there and being part of the staff. Most employees working in the
company are determined and work toward improving their
creativity skills to make sure that the company achieves its
success. Dedication, sacrifice and hard work has always been
the theme of the company employees.
References
Alkhafaji, A., & Nelson, R. A. (2013). Strategic management:
formulation, implementation, and control in a dynamic
environment. Routledge.
Campopiano, G., De Massis, A., & Cassia, L. (2014). Corporate
social responsibility in family versus non-family enterprises: an
exploratory study. In Social Entrepreneurship (pp. 113-154).
Springer, Cham.
Lester, S. (2015). Reforming the International Investment Law
System. Md. J. Int'l L., 30, 70.
Savitz, A. (2013). The triple bottom line: how today's best-run
companies are achieving economic, social and environmental
success-and how you can too. John Wiley & Sons.
Shenkar, O., Luo, Y., & Chi, T. (2014). International business.
Routledge.
Tarique, I., Briscoe, D. R., & Schuler, R. S. (2015).
International human resource management: Policies and
practices for multinational enterprises. Routledge.

Running Head: BUS 601 ASSIGNMENT
1
BUS 601 ASSIGNMENT
5
Assignment 2
16 June 19
Week two assignment
In this paper I have chosen CACI international for the
discussion. The essay concerns a set of questions regarding the
company, its operations, as well as how its locations trading
theories internationally and environment influence the overall
business of the firm. Additionally, the paper looks at the

cultural issues determines the operations of the company in any
specific country in the world in order to make sure that the
company grows and receives more income.
Question 1
CACI international functions all through the world taking
numerous roles but mostly specializes in the united states
government contracts which vary in size as per what the
employer wants to achieve. The main locations of the firm
where it operates include Afghanistan, UK and USA
(Pollak.et.al, 2019)
Question 2
The US and the UK have joined the three corporations.
However, Afghanistan has joined the IMF and the World Bank
but has not joined WTO. Afghanistan’s turbulent security
situation has made its membership to the World Bank and IMF
to fall in and out of action over the past 50 years.
Question 3
I suppose that the UK as well as the US has been following the
guidelines of these organizations. However, I believe that the
Afghanistan government find it difficult to fulfil the
requirements of the organizations since the government lacks
control over the rural areas of the nation and the existence of
insecurity in the country shows proof that the government is
unable to control its people. This makes it difficult for the
country to strictly follow the set guidelines to the letter as
required by the three organizations. Consequently, the efforts of
making the country stable and the continued government power
over the nation shows that in the next few years the country’s
international trade presence will change all over the world
(Osmani, 2016).
Question 4
The US and the UK have judiciary and political networks which
fail to constantly be clear. Nevertheless, when we compare
these two countries with other nations such as Afghanistan, the
transparency of the two nations is remarkable and their policies
and strong economies seem to support globalizations. The two

nations also provide free trading zones which spur imports and
exports.
Nonetheless, Afghanistan does not promote globalization as its
economy is quite weak and the government does not have
judiciary system which functions very well. The country has had
some distortion of its political system and judiciary system due
to the insecurity in the country. The government does not have
full power over all regions of the country making it hard for the
systems to be established or to function as required.
Question 5
I suppose that the US and UK exercise strategies which
encourage globalization. The citizens of the two nations remain
contented with globalization mostly since the policies which the
government applies increase competitiveness devoid of
minimizing the minimum wages or combating labour unions.
The countries have created a thriving investment climate which
encourages banking to foreign partners and removing trading
tariffs. The nations have established policies in regard to
competitive markets and governance but these strategies are at
times broken.
I think that Afghanistan is yet to establish strong policies in
regard to its governance, property rights, corruption and
competitive markets. The insecurity in the country makes it
hard for the set policies to be followed and discourages free
trading. Therefore this implies that Afghanistan does not
promote globalization and there is need to establish strategies to
fasten the security of the country so as to ensure that all the set
policies are followed (Deif, 2016).
Question 6
The firm offers information technology services to defense and
intelligence community all over the world. The firm began
providing these services in California and has over the years
developed and grown to many other countries in the world
where it has extended its services to consumers in these regions.
The firm mostly offers services to government organization both
domestically and in other nations.

Question 7
The services of CACI international which are exported face
tariff barriers. The rate of the tariffs is dependent on the
country which the products are being exported to. The services
also face non-tariff barriers where the firm is expected to pay
licences to be allowed to offer its services as per the
requirements of the different nations. This helps in ensuring
that the firm follows the requirements of the country where they
are delivered.
Question 8.
Regional trading blocs such as US and UK where the company
operates benefits CACI international since it is well established
in these countries. Moreover, the countries have well developed
policies for competitive markets and trading which allows the
company to thrive (Ajeganov, 2017).
Question 9
CACI international would be improved if the firm would adopt a
network of multi-lateral trade liberalization such as WTO. It
would be well established in the member countries of the
organization thus ensuring that its services are well utilized in
these nations.
Question 10
You ought to determine how services of the firm are exclusive
form other companies that offer similar services before visiting
another country on behalf of the firm to negotiate a transaction.
You would get all the necessary information regarding the firm
from its own website.
References
Ajeganov, B. (2017). EU-China Trade to Bolster Security in the

South Caucasus. The CACI Analyst.
Deif, A. (2016). Military contractors and international law.
Osmani, R. (2016). TAPI gas pipeline: are Sino-US relations a
zero-sum game?. The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst.
Pollak, M., Arshanapalli, B., & Hobson, C. (2019). The
Business Case for Hiring Military Veterans/Reservists: Stock
Price Performance of Military Friendly Firms. Journal of
Veterans Studies, 4(2).
Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE
1
PAGE
2
ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE
Typing Template for APA Papers
Student Name
University
Course
Date
Introduction
In this paragraph, identify your company and the reasons why
you selected it for this project.
Foundations of Global Business
This section will include the information you researched to

complete Part 1, which was due in Week 2.
Global Business Environment
complete the questions on the cultural environment, the legal
and political environment of your company, and corruption and
ethics in global business. You completed this in Part 2, which
was due in Week 4.
Global Business Strategy and Organization
complete the questions concerning your business’s entry and
exit strategies in global business, the controls set up for its
global business, and the type of organizational structure. You
completed these in Part 2, which was due in Week 4.
Managing Global Business
complete the second section of Part 3, which was due in Week
6.
Conclusion
Wrap up the major points about your company.
Samples References
Daresh, J. C. (2004). Beginning the assistant principalship: A
practical guide for
new school administrators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support,
marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi:10.1037/0278-
6133.24.2.225
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
(2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication

No. 02-2650). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/
health/prof/asthma/asth_sch.pdf

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