Margaret Sanger was a nurse in the early 1900s who advocated for women's access to birth control. She witnessed the suffering of women seeking abortions while working in the slums of New York City. Inspired to help women, she introduced modern contraceptives to the US from Europe and launched a nationwide campaign for birth control. Her advocacy led to a decline in pregnancy-related mortality and empowered women to choose when to have children. However, her association with eugenics groups opposing certain races and populations damaged her movement's reputation. Nonetheless, Sanger's contribution was crucial for advancing women's reproductive rights and public health outcomes at a time of major social change in the US.