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Running head: LUNG CANCER
1
LUNG CANCER
16
Lung Cancer
Student Name
Institution
College of Health Care Sciences
Department of Health Science
Class
Instructor
Practicum Report
Month Day, Year
Abstract
Put this page in as a placeholder for now. Write the abstract
with Chapter 5. See page 41 for an example for the abstract.
Keywords: word, word
Use a formal and scientific tone when writing the paper. THIS
PAPER IS WRITTEN IN THE THIRD PERSON AND THE
PAST TENSE
Go into the font section and make times new roman 12-point
font the default for the entire paper. Go into the paragraph
section and make all the settings zero, double-space, and check
off the box about spacing. Make this the default for the entire
paper. If you make the special indent, the first line, as the
default for the paper, then you need to change it to “none” for
level one and level two headings. If you make “none” the
default for the paper, then you need to tab the one-half inch
indent for each paragraph. Be sure there are two spaces
between sentences. A paragraph is more than one sentence.
Table of Contents
Chapter
Page
1. Introduction
5
Nature of the Problem
Purpose of the Practicum
Research Question
Significance to Name of Group
2. Review of the Literature
Level Two Subheadings as Appropriate
3. Methodology and Procedures
Methods
Procedures
Search Procedure
Population
Limitations
Delimitations
4. Results
Topics from the Literature
Learning Considerations
(Type of Educational Product)
Delivery of (Type of Educational Product)
5. Discussion, Conclusion, Implications, and
Recommendations
Discussion
Conclusion
Implications
Recommendations
References
Appendix….
If you need to continue the Table of Contents, use this format
The page numbers line up under the “e” in Page
Here are three levels of dot leaders. Just copy and paste. You
may need to reformat to Times New Roman 12-point font and
double-space
There is no example of the table of contents in the APA manual.
There is no APA style for the table of contents. The table of
contents is a requirement of the University. Please do not use
the table of contents function of Word. Please copy and paste
this template. Notice the indention for the level two and level
three headings. All important words are capitalized. DO NOT
just copy and paste the headings from your paper.
Lung Cancer
Chapter 1
Introduction
Nature of Problem
The health of any given individual is of great essence. A person
who is not healthy is faced with many challenges that might
even limit his or her capabilities. Lung cancer is one of the
most dangerous types of cancers in the world. The type of
disease involves the growing of unwanted cells in the lungs thus
preventing the lungs from being effective and carrying their
daily duties. The body is designed in a way that all body parts
relate to each other in one way or another. When one body part
fails to function, other body parts might be affected as well, and
that might end up failing the whole body system.
Purpose of the Practicum
It is the goal of the practicum to explore various health
promotion approaches and strategies in the pursuit of high
quality medical care delivery for lung cancer. The purpose of
this practicum is to elaborate more about the disease, to know
what causes it, to know how one can know if they have it or not,
and the most suitable ways of dealing with it. The practicum
will achieve all the purposes mentioned above by presenting a
PowerPoint presentation on different research materials. The
presentation will be presented the first Saturday of every month,
to men and women of all ethnicity backgrounds between the
ages of 30 and 65. At the same time, the practicum will be
trying to present evidence on all points made about the disease.
The practicum will not only be of benefit to the reader. The
group will benefit from it because in the process of finding
more about the disease they will be absorbing information
concerning the topic.
Research Question
There is one research question to be answered by this
practicum. What are the necessary topics to be included in
creating the curriculum to be delivered as a PowerPoint,
focusing on lung cancer for Smokers at Austin Regional Clinic
in Austin, TX? Anything pertaining to lung cancer will be
addressed. The reason for choosing the wide research question
is to ensure that every aspect of the problem is addressed. By
using lung cancer as the research question, it will be easy to
carry out research that is broad, and that looks into all aspects
of the disease. A research question is aimed at guiding one
towards carrying out research. Therefore, by choosing a narrow
area of research, one might be limited to finding and gathering
information from different areas. Lung cancer is a broad topic.
Under the topic, there is the definition of the disease, the
causes, the signs and the ways of tackling the disease.
Therefore, there will be a lot of research done on the topic of
research and at the end of the research, the reader, as well as
the researcher, will be well enlightened on issues pertaining
lung cancer more than ever before (Markou et al. 2013).
Significance to Smokers
The significance of this practicum to the entire group is that
every member of the group who will be involved in the entire
process has a chance to know more about the disease. The
reason why most of us are in school is not only to be good in
the courses that we take but also to be of help to the
community. After carrying out the research, no member of the
group will be the same again. The research will feed all of us
with information that can be utilized to change the lives of
others and to make others better. The community has many
people who do not know much about lung cancer. Most of them
are at the risk of contracting the disease. The practicum will
enlighten them and will make them wiser. As a result, it will be
easy for all members of the group to be beneficial to the
community.
Feedback:
NA: Continue to review the evidence-based literature and to
build upon this brief yet solid review of the literature and
assessment of need. Build upon and include more health
promotion and educational activities that have been used and
that are needed in the community.
Chapter 2
Review of Literature
The review of literature in the final paper will be 4 pages
minimum, 5 pages maximum.
Overview
Lung cancer has been proved beyond reasonable doubt to be one
of the diseases that need more attention in the twenty-first
century. People have turned their backs on the disease thinking
that it only affects the middle age men. The case is not,
however, true. There is much about the disease that people do
not know. The research that was conducted last year shows that
lung cancer will be killing more people each and every year.
One of the shocking revelations is that the disease is not only
caused by ignorance among some individuals but it is also
caused by moral negligence. Smoking is one of the leading
causes of lung cancer (Schapira et al. 2015). Learning Theory of
Instructional Design
Put in the name of the theory. This heading will be the second
to last heading in the review of literature. In one or two
paragraphs, describe the learning theory that is appropriate to
develop your educational resource (constructivism,
behaviorism, etc.). Do not have your own thoughts. Just report
what the literature has to say about the theory. See the
resources for you in the content section of the class Web site
Youth Smokers
According to the researchers, some parents have taken the back
seat, and they are watching their children dig their graves. Most
of the youths who are smoking for pleasure do not know the
danger that awaits them. The habit of smoking is known to be
one of the most addictive. Therefore, when a youth starts
smoking at an early age, he is likely to become a smoker for the
rest of his life due to addiction. The fact that smoking is a
leading cause of lung cancer other reasons cannot be ruled out.
Therefore, when a person starts smoking at an early age, he or
she is likely to contract lung cancer later in life. The
responsibility of guiding the youths to the best path has been
left to teachers alone despite it being the responsibility of the
parents as well. Therefore, the negligence of the parents is to
some extent going to be a catalyst of lung cancer in coming
years.
Delivery Method of Instructional Design
Best practices for (the type of educational product, such as
PowerPoint presentation, video, webinar). lung cancer. I will
be presenting information on lung cancer to my audience by
using a PowerPoint presentation. PowerPoint can be a highly
effective tool to deliver information to a group. It is a quick and
easy tool to organize ideas and information to present to a
group. Using this type of tool to deliver information to the
group will be exciting by showing them pictures of the disease
and presenting them with great information. Groups can lose
focus quickly if it is a lot of reading but by showing them
pictures within my presentation they get to see exactly what
lung cancer does to the them.
Best practices for In this section, describe the best practices of
the method you will use to deliver the information to your
group, such as PowerPoint presentation, syllabus, and so forth.
Have this section be the last section in the review of literature.
Do not include your own thoughts. Just report what the
literature has to say about the best practices.
If you are creating a PowerPoint presentation, you must
describe the best practices in terms of font size, font type,
colors for type and background of slide, how many lines per
slide, addition of graphics or other media, and so forth. Do not
just say large font. Which size font? Do not say warm colors
or contrasting colors. Which colors? Be specific. Be sure you
adhere to the guidelines when creating your own PowerPoint
presentation.
In another paragraph, describe the advantages and disadvantages
of PowerPoint presentations to justify why this delivery method
will be appropriate for your audience. Remember do not
include your own thoughts or tie the literature to your specific
product. Use peer-reviewed sources.
UPDATE THE TABLE OF CONTENTS AS NEEDED AND THE
REFERENCE LIST. You must use peer-reviewed articles from
a database in the library or governmental Web sites from the
last 5 years. You cannot use newspapers, newsletters,
PowerPoint presentations, university Web sites, dissertations,
random chapters from unidentified books, or other gray
literature. If you cannot decide if the source is acceptable,
please ask.
Remember, every paragraph should have two or more sentences,
ideally three sentences minimum. Use the past tense for the
review of literature because the sources have been published in
the past.
Feedback:
Literature Review: (minus one point) Identify key health
behavioral change theories or educational theories that might be
or that have been used in the past, to guide previous successful
programs regarding your topic (or that have been used to guide
programs regarding similar topics to yours). Identify applicable
program planning models that have been used to develop
previous successful, evidence-based programs.
Chapter 3Methodology and Procedures
Methodology
There is only one method to be employed for this practicum.
The method will be developmental. Notice the past tense. This
is all you need to write in this paragraph.
Procedures
Search procedures. A review of the significant literature related
to (the topic) was conducted. The review highlights the
following topics: historical data, second item (such as
epidemiological information), third item (such as curriculum
development), and learning theory.
Libraries used. There was only one library used to search for
sources for this project. The Health Professions Divisions
Library at Nova Southeastern University was used for this
project (or change this paragraph to indicate all the libraries
you used if you used more than one library). A PARAGRAPH
IS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE, WHICH IS THE REASON
FOR THE TWO SENTENCES IN THIS PARAGRAPH.
Search engines and databases used. The following databases
were used to search for the sources for this project. The
databases were Examples of databases are Citations and
Abstracts for Literature of Nursing and Allied Health
(CINHAL), Web of Science, Ebsco Host, PubMed, Medline, and
so forth. Do not depend on Google or Google Scholar. Change
the databases to reflect the ones you used in your search. A
PARAGRAPH IS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE
Search terms. Several search terms were used to identify
sources for this project. The search terms included first term,
second term, and third term (or however many you have). A
PARAGRAPH IS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE
Boolean strings. Boolean strings were considered for the
literature search. No Boolean strings were used in the literature
search. OR One Boolean string was used: diabetes AND foot
ulcer. OR Two Boolean strings were used: diabetes AND foot
ulcer and infection AND surgery. OR Several Boolean strings
were used: diabetes AND foot ulcer, diabetic foot ulcer AND
amputation, and infection AND surgery. Pick the sentence that
fits your situation, AND BE SURE THERE IS THE SENTENCE
IN BLACK AND ONE OF THE BLUE SENTENCES.
Age of the sources. The significant literature was reviewed.
Sources from the last 5 years were included in the review of
literature. Pertinent historical or seminal articles were also
considered. Use an age range of 5 years or less, except for
historical sources. If your age range is less than 5 years, then
adjust it, such as 3 years or 1 year. A PARAGRAPH IS MORE
THAN ONE SENTENCE.
Inclusion criteria.There were four inclusion criteria. Inclusion
criteria included (a) literature published since 2010, except
historical sources; (b) English-language text; (c) peer-reviewed
articles; and (d) Web sites relating to lung cancer.
Exclusion criteria. There were four exclusion criteria. The
exclusion criteria included (a) literature published before 2010,
except historical sources; (b) text not published in English; (c)
articles not peer reviewed; and (d) Web sites not relating to
lung cancer.
Population. No text here
Study subjects.The audience will be composed ofparents, health
science students, nurse practitioners, men, women between the
ages of 30 to 65 of all ethnicities. The audience will also be
English speakers because as of now I do not have anyone that
can interpret other languages to the audience. In this section,
describe the group who received the information from your
educational curriculum. Please describe the characteristics of
your subjects in demographic terms, such as ages, men, women,
occupations, ethnicities, languages, education, number of
participants in the group, and so forth. If you have any
statistical information about the group, be sure to have
citations. If you do not know, make an educated guess.
Study location.The facility in which the educational product
will be delivered is Austin Regional Clinic, located in Leander,
TX. Austin Regional Clinic is a multi-specialty group offering
patients accessible, reliable, and convenient healthcare. Austin
Regional Clinic has at least twenty clinics covering the Austin
area with doctors in Austin, Cedar Park, Leander, Round Rock,
Pflugerville, and Hutto offering preventative care and same day
visits. The location of the group that will be receiving the
information will be in Leander, TX. In this section, describe the
institution and/or the location of the group who received the
information. Remember a paragraph is more than one sentence.
Assumptions. You can use the language from the proposal.
Use the past tense.
Limitations. You can use the language from the proposal. Use
the past tense.
Delimitations. You can use the language from the proposal.
Use the past tense
Feedback:
Methods: Please continue to develop and to explain the
educational products / planning of the educational activities and
products that you will develop
Chapter 4
Results
(Describe what you found in the literature and how you
narrowed the information to design your educational product.
Describe the steps you took to design your educational product,
such as reviewed the literature, conferred with committee
members, etc. This is my explanation to you. Do not use the
term educational product or audience. Use the name of the
product and the name of the audience in your descriptions.
Delete this information in the parentheses).
The following question drove the research of the literature.
Repeat your research question here.
Topics Based on the Literature
You did a review of literature to find out which topics should be
included for the educational product based on the literature.
Briefly, in one or two paragraphs, recount which topics you
included and have citations. Do not repeat the entire review of
literature. Just hit the highlights. Describe the themes of the
literature that was important to include.
Learning Considerations
Describe the learning theory you chose for your audience. Why
was this learning theory appropriate for your audience?
Describe the reading level you chose for your audience. Why is
this reading level appropriate?
Educational Product (Syllabus, Webinar, PowerPoint
presentation, etc.). Do not write Educational Product. Replace
with the blue words in parenthesis.
Describe the best practices you used to format your product.
Do not repeat the best practices you have described in Chapter
2. Describe the best practices you used to format your
educational product, such as font size, color, and other
considerations based on the product. Be specific as to the
elements you used.
Delivery of (Type of Educational Product, such as PowerPoint
Presentation)
Describe how you would deliver the information. Use the third
person.
Expectations
Anticipated Benefits
The anticipated benefits expected from this educational
endeavor will be to educate
smokers about lung cancer. A research team is only interested in
gathering as much helpful information as possible; therefore, if
the targeted population will open up, the team will be more than
happy. The targeted population is also expected to benefit from
the entire research process. The reason why the questions were
asked is to ensure that the team knows how to tackle the
problem. For the case of the residents and victims who do not
have enough information about the problem, they will be
informed further.
The victims will benefit by being advised on the best ways to
avoid the problem or to deal with it. They will be provided with
information about specific programs and facilities that deal with
people who are victims of lung cancer. The move is no ensuring
that not only the team benefits but also the people who will help
in providing data. The expectations of the whole process are
that lives will be transformed and all people who will be
involved will be enlightened at the end of the entire process.
Importance of Anticipated Benefits to Smokers
The benefits will be of significance to the entire group. The
benefits will be an indication that I did not carry out the
research in vain. The group will have lots of knowledge on lung
cancer at the end of my entire presentation. The benefits will
prove that the resources were not used in vain.
Improvement of Health Care Delivery Systems
Exploration of lung cancer presents an opportunity for men and
women of all ethnicity between the ages of 30 to 65 from the
entire community. They do not have to be a patient of Austin
Regional Clinic to attend the presentation.
Chapter 5
Discussion, Conclusion, Implications, and Recommendations
Discussion
Give a synopsis of your paper regarding the topic. Use citations
as appropriate.
Conclusion
Describe the one or two points (you can have more than two
points) you want the reader to take away from your paper about
the topic.
Implications
In this section, you speculate about the future (in the third
person) for the audience, the target population, the industry, and
so forth.
Recommendations
Recommendations are usually about further research. Do you
have any recommendations to expand your project to other
populations? Do you have any suggestions if someone wanted
to duplicate your project?
References
Markou, A., Sourvinou, I., Vorkas, P. A., Yousef, G. M., &
Lianidou, E. (2013). Clinical
evaluation of microRNA expression profiling in non-small cell
lung cancer. Lung cancer,
81(3), 388-396.
Schapira, M. M., Aggarwal, C., Akers, S., Aysola, J., Imbert,
D., Langer, C. & Fraenkel, L.
(2016). How Patients View Lung Cancer Screening. The Role of
Uncertainty in Medical
Decision Making. Annals of the American Thoracic Society,
13(11), 1969-1976.
Hasegawa, Y., Ando, M., Kubo, A., Isa, S. I., Yamamoto, S.,
Tsujino, K., & Kawaguchi, T.
(2014). Human papilloma virus in non-small cell lung cancer in
never smokers: a
systematic review of the literature. Lung Cancer, 83(1), 8-13.
Borghaei, H., Paz-Ares, L., Horn, L., Spigel, D. R., Steins, M.,
Ready, N. E., & Barlesi, F.
(2015). Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous
non–small-cell lung
cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(17), 1627-1639.
Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A., & DiClemente, R. J. (2015).
Research methods in health
promotion. John Wiley & Sons.
Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Qualitative psychology: A practical
guide to research methods. Sage.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction
to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Bowling, A. (2014). Research methods in health: investigating
health and health services.
McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Pierce, W. C., & Sawyer, D. T. (2013). Quantitative analysis.
John Wiley And Sons, Inc;
London; Toppon Company, Ltd; Japan.
Torre, L. A., Bray, F., Siegel, R. L., Ferlay, J., Lortet‐Tieulent,
J., & Jemal, A. (2015). Global
cancer statistics, 2012. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians,
65(2), 87-108.
Be sure there is an in-text citation for every entry in the
reference list and vice versa. Do not include any sources that
you have not used to write the paper.
Only peer-reviewed sources are allowed. Sources from
university Web sites and other gray literature is not allowed
Reference managers are not allowed. You need to format the
entries in the reference list yourself.
See page 49 of the Publication Manual, Sixth Edition for the
proper format for the reference list.
See page 198 for the format for journal articles. See pages 202
to 203 for books and chapters in books. See page 205 for
reports and words from the dictionary. Here is an example for
the format for a Web site:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012, July 10).
Measuring hemoglobin A1. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/managingdiabetes/measure
NOTICE THE SPELLING OF THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE
CONTROL AND PREVENTION.The titles of articles from Web
pages are not in italics. No underlining of Web link (you can
remove by highlighting your link and clicking twice on the “U”
on you tools bar. Also, remove the blue color. Change it to
black (“A” on the toolbar). You can also right click your mouse
and click on “remove hyperlink.”
Appendix
Title of Your Educational Product
Set the spacing for the default for the paper
MHS 5207
Practicum Grading
Rubric
5 4 3 2 1 0
Title, Table of
Contents and
Abstract
1 Title conforms to
APA 6 format
2 Includes running
head and page
number in upper
right-hand corner
3 Definition of
running head IN
ALL CAPS, &
vertically &
horizontally centers
the title of the
paper, its author
and their affiliation
to the page
4 TOC and
Abstract conform to
APA 6 format
All elements were
present, only one
minor formatting
error
There is more than
one minor
formatting error
Three elements
incorrectly
formatted or
missing
Four elements
incorrectly
formatted or
missing
Does not conform
to APA 6 Style at
all
Introduction 1 Introduction
grasps reader’s
attention and
identifies interested
audience
2 Adopts
appropriate tone
3 Forecasts major
points
4 Articulates
purpose/goals of
practicum
5 Introduces
anticipated
outcomes
All elements
present except one
Missing two key
elements
Missing three key
elements
Missing four key
elements
Introduction does
not contain any of
the key elements
Needs Assessment
(NA)
(Process)
1 Researches
appropriate peer
reviewed electronic
resources and
databases
2 Cites recent
studies/resources
3 Utilizes
appropriate
national/local
databases for data
collection
4 Uses evidence
based resources and
studies as part of
NA
All elements
present but one
All elements
present but two
All elements
present except three
Needs assessment
attempted but does
not contain the
prescribed elements
Needs assessment
not attempted
Needs Assessment
(Content)
1 Presents coherent
information and
uses appropriate
style to
communicate
graduate level ideas
2 Information is
accurate
3 Information is
organized and in
appropriate order
4 Student justifies
completely &
succinctly the
health promotion,
wellness or
educational
activities that are
needed in their
community and
All elements
present but one
All elements
present but two
All elements
present but three
Needs assessment
attempted but does
not contain the
prescribed elements
Needs assessment
not attempted
why
Review of Literature
(Process)
1 Researches
appropriate peer
reviewed electronic
resources and
databases
2 Cites recent
studies/ resources
3 Utilizes
appropriate
national/local
databases for data
collection
4 Chooses
evidence-based
resources
All elements
present except one
All elements
present but two
All elements
present except three
Review of literature
attempted but does
not contain any of
the required
elements
Review of literature
not attempted
Review of Literature
(Content)
For proposed
practicum program
each student:
1 Identifies
applicable key
theories
2 Identifies
applicable program
planning models
3 Explains previous
use of appropriate
instructional models
in the literature
4 Describes
literature review of
similar program
activities and
design
All elements
present except one
All elements
present but two
All elements
present except three
Review of literature
attempted but is
missing significant
parts of several the
required elements
Review of literature
not attempted
Methodology and
Procedures
1 Contains
effectively,
All elements
present except one
All elements
present except one
All elements
present except two
Significant
components of
This section of the
paper not attempted
(Values x 2 in this
section)
quantifiably,
concisely organized
information that
allows program to
be replicated
2 Identifies
sequential
information in an
appropriate
chronology
3 Does not contain
unnecessary or
wordy descriptions
or procedures
4 Written so that all
information
inherent to section
can be related back
to this section
5 Identifies sources
of reference
materials used for
procedures
minor portion of
one component
components several elements
missing
Results 1 Student
summarizes
program model
planning
2 Student
summarizes
proposed program
implementation
3 Student
summarizes
program planning
evaluation
4 Student explains
All elements
present except one
minor portion of
one component
All elements
present except one
component
All elements
present except two
components
Significant
components of
several elements
missing
This section of the
paper not
attempted
unexpected
findings or
outcomes
Discussion
Conclusions
1 Student
summarizes
purpose of program
2 Student draws
inferences that are
consistent with the
information
gathered
3 Student connects
inferences made to
previous literature
review
4 Student relates
conclusions to
interested audience
All elements
present except one
All elements
present except two
All elements
present except
three
Significant
components of
several elements
missing
This section of the
paper not
attempted
Implications
Recommendations
1 Student
distinguishes
between fact and
implications
2 Avoids over
generalizing
3 Student offers
explanations for
further research
All elements
present except one
minor portion of
one component
All elements
present except one
component
All elements
present except two
components
Significant
components of
several elements
missing
This section of the
paper not
attempted
Appendix 1 An appendix was
presented and was
correctly formatted
An appendix was
present, minor
issues in formatting
An appendix was
present, at least one
major issue in
formatting exists
An appendix was
present, at least
two major issues in
formatting exists
An appendix was
present with
multiple formatting
issues
An appendix was
indicated but not
done
APA Format,
Grammar &
Spelling
1 The font, spacing
and levels of
headings are
correct
2 There are no
spelling or
The font, spacing
and levels of
headings are
mostly correct with
a few minor errors.
There are no
The font, spacing
and levels of
headings are
correct. There are a
few spelling or
grammars errors
Several headings
are included. Some
spelling/grammar/l
ength and/or bias
issues are present
Significant
formatting
problems such as
font, spacing and
level of headings
exist. There are
Numerous
formatting,
spelling, grammar
&/or length issues
are present
throughout the
grammar errors
3 No bias in the
writing
4 Paper is
appropriate in
length
spelling or
grammar errors and
no bias in the
writing or
problems with
length
and minor bias in
the writing (or
problems with
length)
significant issues
with spelling,
grammar, &/or
length
paper
References 1 All needed
citations were
included in the
paper
2 End of text
references match
the in text citations
3 All were encoded
in APA 6 format
All needed
citations were
included in the
paper. Most
references match
the in-text
citations, and were
encoded in APA 6
format
All needed
citations were
included in the
paper. Some
references match
the in-text citations
and were encoded
in APA 6 format
Citations within the
body of the text
and a
corresponding
reference list was
present, some
formatting
problems exist
Citations in the
paper were not
present or did not
match the reference
page. Significant
formatting
problems exist
Multiple citations
in the paper are not
reflected in the
reference section or
this section has
major errors or is
missing
Total out of 70
Running head LUNG CANCER  1LUNG CANCER16Lung Canc.docx

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Running head LUNG CANCER 1LUNG CANCER16Lung Canc.docx

  • 1. Running head: LUNG CANCER 1 LUNG CANCER 16 Lung Cancer Student Name Institution College of Health Care Sciences Department of Health Science Class Instructor Practicum Report Month Day, Year Abstract Put this page in as a placeholder for now. Write the abstract with Chapter 5. See page 41 for an example for the abstract. Keywords: word, word Use a formal and scientific tone when writing the paper. THIS PAPER IS WRITTEN IN THE THIRD PERSON AND THE PAST TENSE Go into the font section and make times new roman 12-point font the default for the entire paper. Go into the paragraph section and make all the settings zero, double-space, and check off the box about spacing. Make this the default for the entire
  • 2. paper. If you make the special indent, the first line, as the default for the paper, then you need to change it to “none” for level one and level two headings. If you make “none” the default for the paper, then you need to tab the one-half inch indent for each paragraph. Be sure there are two spaces between sentences. A paragraph is more than one sentence. Table of Contents Chapter Page 1. Introduction 5 Nature of the Problem Purpose of the Practicum Research Question Significance to Name of Group 2. Review of the Literature Level Two Subheadings as Appropriate 3. Methodology and Procedures Methods Procedures Search Procedure
  • 3. Population Limitations Delimitations 4. Results Topics from the Literature Learning Considerations (Type of Educational Product) Delivery of (Type of Educational Product) 5. Discussion, Conclusion, Implications, and Recommendations Discussion Conclusion Implications Recommendations References Appendix…. If you need to continue the Table of Contents, use this format
  • 4. The page numbers line up under the “e” in Page Here are three levels of dot leaders. Just copy and paste. You may need to reformat to Times New Roman 12-point font and double-space There is no example of the table of contents in the APA manual. There is no APA style for the table of contents. The table of contents is a requirement of the University. Please do not use the table of contents function of Word. Please copy and paste this template. Notice the indention for the level two and level three headings. All important words are capitalized. DO NOT just copy and paste the headings from your paper. Lung Cancer Chapter 1 Introduction Nature of Problem The health of any given individual is of great essence. A person who is not healthy is faced with many challenges that might even limit his or her capabilities. Lung cancer is one of the most dangerous types of cancers in the world. The type of disease involves the growing of unwanted cells in the lungs thus preventing the lungs from being effective and carrying their daily duties. The body is designed in a way that all body parts relate to each other in one way or another. When one body part fails to function, other body parts might be affected as well, and that might end up failing the whole body system. Purpose of the Practicum It is the goal of the practicum to explore various health promotion approaches and strategies in the pursuit of high quality medical care delivery for lung cancer. The purpose of this practicum is to elaborate more about the disease, to know what causes it, to know how one can know if they have it or not,
  • 5. and the most suitable ways of dealing with it. The practicum will achieve all the purposes mentioned above by presenting a PowerPoint presentation on different research materials. The presentation will be presented the first Saturday of every month, to men and women of all ethnicity backgrounds between the ages of 30 and 65. At the same time, the practicum will be trying to present evidence on all points made about the disease. The practicum will not only be of benefit to the reader. The group will benefit from it because in the process of finding more about the disease they will be absorbing information concerning the topic. Research Question There is one research question to be answered by this practicum. What are the necessary topics to be included in creating the curriculum to be delivered as a PowerPoint, focusing on lung cancer for Smokers at Austin Regional Clinic in Austin, TX? Anything pertaining to lung cancer will be addressed. The reason for choosing the wide research question is to ensure that every aspect of the problem is addressed. By using lung cancer as the research question, it will be easy to carry out research that is broad, and that looks into all aspects of the disease. A research question is aimed at guiding one towards carrying out research. Therefore, by choosing a narrow area of research, one might be limited to finding and gathering information from different areas. Lung cancer is a broad topic. Under the topic, there is the definition of the disease, the causes, the signs and the ways of tackling the disease. Therefore, there will be a lot of research done on the topic of research and at the end of the research, the reader, as well as the researcher, will be well enlightened on issues pertaining lung cancer more than ever before (Markou et al. 2013). Significance to Smokers The significance of this practicum to the entire group is that every member of the group who will be involved in the entire
  • 6. process has a chance to know more about the disease. The reason why most of us are in school is not only to be good in the courses that we take but also to be of help to the community. After carrying out the research, no member of the group will be the same again. The research will feed all of us with information that can be utilized to change the lives of others and to make others better. The community has many people who do not know much about lung cancer. Most of them are at the risk of contracting the disease. The practicum will enlighten them and will make them wiser. As a result, it will be easy for all members of the group to be beneficial to the community. Feedback: NA: Continue to review the evidence-based literature and to build upon this brief yet solid review of the literature and assessment of need. Build upon and include more health promotion and educational activities that have been used and that are needed in the community. Chapter 2 Review of Literature The review of literature in the final paper will be 4 pages minimum, 5 pages maximum. Overview Lung cancer has been proved beyond reasonable doubt to be one of the diseases that need more attention in the twenty-first century. People have turned their backs on the disease thinking that it only affects the middle age men. The case is not, however, true. There is much about the disease that people do not know. The research that was conducted last year shows that lung cancer will be killing more people each and every year. One of the shocking revelations is that the disease is not only
  • 7. caused by ignorance among some individuals but it is also caused by moral negligence. Smoking is one of the leading causes of lung cancer (Schapira et al. 2015). Learning Theory of Instructional Design Put in the name of the theory. This heading will be the second to last heading in the review of literature. In one or two paragraphs, describe the learning theory that is appropriate to develop your educational resource (constructivism, behaviorism, etc.). Do not have your own thoughts. Just report what the literature has to say about the theory. See the resources for you in the content section of the class Web site Youth Smokers According to the researchers, some parents have taken the back seat, and they are watching their children dig their graves. Most of the youths who are smoking for pleasure do not know the danger that awaits them. The habit of smoking is known to be one of the most addictive. Therefore, when a youth starts smoking at an early age, he is likely to become a smoker for the rest of his life due to addiction. The fact that smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer other reasons cannot be ruled out. Therefore, when a person starts smoking at an early age, he or she is likely to contract lung cancer later in life. The responsibility of guiding the youths to the best path has been left to teachers alone despite it being the responsibility of the parents as well. Therefore, the negligence of the parents is to some extent going to be a catalyst of lung cancer in coming years. Delivery Method of Instructional Design Best practices for (the type of educational product, such as PowerPoint presentation, video, webinar). lung cancer. I will be presenting information on lung cancer to my audience by using a PowerPoint presentation. PowerPoint can be a highly effective tool to deliver information to a group. It is a quick and
  • 8. easy tool to organize ideas and information to present to a group. Using this type of tool to deliver information to the group will be exciting by showing them pictures of the disease and presenting them with great information. Groups can lose focus quickly if it is a lot of reading but by showing them pictures within my presentation they get to see exactly what lung cancer does to the them. Best practices for In this section, describe the best practices of the method you will use to deliver the information to your group, such as PowerPoint presentation, syllabus, and so forth. Have this section be the last section in the review of literature. Do not include your own thoughts. Just report what the literature has to say about the best practices. If you are creating a PowerPoint presentation, you must describe the best practices in terms of font size, font type, colors for type and background of slide, how many lines per slide, addition of graphics or other media, and so forth. Do not just say large font. Which size font? Do not say warm colors or contrasting colors. Which colors? Be specific. Be sure you adhere to the guidelines when creating your own PowerPoint presentation. In another paragraph, describe the advantages and disadvantages of PowerPoint presentations to justify why this delivery method will be appropriate for your audience. Remember do not include your own thoughts or tie the literature to your specific product. Use peer-reviewed sources. UPDATE THE TABLE OF CONTENTS AS NEEDED AND THE REFERENCE LIST. You must use peer-reviewed articles from a database in the library or governmental Web sites from the last 5 years. You cannot use newspapers, newsletters, PowerPoint presentations, university Web sites, dissertations, random chapters from unidentified books, or other gray literature. If you cannot decide if the source is acceptable, please ask.
  • 9. Remember, every paragraph should have two or more sentences, ideally three sentences minimum. Use the past tense for the review of literature because the sources have been published in the past. Feedback: Literature Review: (minus one point) Identify key health behavioral change theories or educational theories that might be or that have been used in the past, to guide previous successful programs regarding your topic (or that have been used to guide programs regarding similar topics to yours). Identify applicable program planning models that have been used to develop previous successful, evidence-based programs. Chapter 3Methodology and Procedures Methodology There is only one method to be employed for this practicum. The method will be developmental. Notice the past tense. This is all you need to write in this paragraph. Procedures Search procedures. A review of the significant literature related to (the topic) was conducted. The review highlights the following topics: historical data, second item (such as epidemiological information), third item (such as curriculum development), and learning theory. Libraries used. There was only one library used to search for sources for this project. The Health Professions Divisions Library at Nova Southeastern University was used for this project (or change this paragraph to indicate all the libraries you used if you used more than one library). A PARAGRAPH IS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE, WHICH IS THE REASON FOR THE TWO SENTENCES IN THIS PARAGRAPH. Search engines and databases used. The following databases were used to search for the sources for this project. The databases were Examples of databases are Citations and Abstracts for Literature of Nursing and Allied Health
  • 10. (CINHAL), Web of Science, Ebsco Host, PubMed, Medline, and so forth. Do not depend on Google or Google Scholar. Change the databases to reflect the ones you used in your search. A PARAGRAPH IS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE Search terms. Several search terms were used to identify sources for this project. The search terms included first term, second term, and third term (or however many you have). A PARAGRAPH IS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE Boolean strings. Boolean strings were considered for the literature search. No Boolean strings were used in the literature search. OR One Boolean string was used: diabetes AND foot ulcer. OR Two Boolean strings were used: diabetes AND foot ulcer and infection AND surgery. OR Several Boolean strings were used: diabetes AND foot ulcer, diabetic foot ulcer AND amputation, and infection AND surgery. Pick the sentence that fits your situation, AND BE SURE THERE IS THE SENTENCE IN BLACK AND ONE OF THE BLUE SENTENCES. Age of the sources. The significant literature was reviewed. Sources from the last 5 years were included in the review of literature. Pertinent historical or seminal articles were also considered. Use an age range of 5 years or less, except for historical sources. If your age range is less than 5 years, then adjust it, such as 3 years or 1 year. A PARAGRAPH IS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE. Inclusion criteria.There were four inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included (a) literature published since 2010, except historical sources; (b) English-language text; (c) peer-reviewed articles; and (d) Web sites relating to lung cancer. Exclusion criteria. There were four exclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria included (a) literature published before 2010, except historical sources; (b) text not published in English; (c) articles not peer reviewed; and (d) Web sites not relating to lung cancer.
  • 11. Population. No text here Study subjects.The audience will be composed ofparents, health science students, nurse practitioners, men, women between the ages of 30 to 65 of all ethnicities. The audience will also be English speakers because as of now I do not have anyone that can interpret other languages to the audience. In this section, describe the group who received the information from your educational curriculum. Please describe the characteristics of your subjects in demographic terms, such as ages, men, women, occupations, ethnicities, languages, education, number of participants in the group, and so forth. If you have any statistical information about the group, be sure to have citations. If you do not know, make an educated guess. Study location.The facility in which the educational product will be delivered is Austin Regional Clinic, located in Leander, TX. Austin Regional Clinic is a multi-specialty group offering patients accessible, reliable, and convenient healthcare. Austin Regional Clinic has at least twenty clinics covering the Austin area with doctors in Austin, Cedar Park, Leander, Round Rock, Pflugerville, and Hutto offering preventative care and same day visits. The location of the group that will be receiving the information will be in Leander, TX. In this section, describe the institution and/or the location of the group who received the information. Remember a paragraph is more than one sentence. Assumptions. You can use the language from the proposal. Use the past tense. Limitations. You can use the language from the proposal. Use the past tense.
  • 12. Delimitations. You can use the language from the proposal. Use the past tense Feedback: Methods: Please continue to develop and to explain the educational products / planning of the educational activities and products that you will develop Chapter 4 Results (Describe what you found in the literature and how you narrowed the information to design your educational product. Describe the steps you took to design your educational product, such as reviewed the literature, conferred with committee members, etc. This is my explanation to you. Do not use the term educational product or audience. Use the name of the product and the name of the audience in your descriptions. Delete this information in the parentheses). The following question drove the research of the literature. Repeat your research question here. Topics Based on the Literature You did a review of literature to find out which topics should be included for the educational product based on the literature. Briefly, in one or two paragraphs, recount which topics you included and have citations. Do not repeat the entire review of literature. Just hit the highlights. Describe the themes of the literature that was important to include. Learning Considerations Describe the learning theory you chose for your audience. Why was this learning theory appropriate for your audience?
  • 13. Describe the reading level you chose for your audience. Why is this reading level appropriate? Educational Product (Syllabus, Webinar, PowerPoint presentation, etc.). Do not write Educational Product. Replace with the blue words in parenthesis. Describe the best practices you used to format your product. Do not repeat the best practices you have described in Chapter 2. Describe the best practices you used to format your educational product, such as font size, color, and other considerations based on the product. Be specific as to the elements you used. Delivery of (Type of Educational Product, such as PowerPoint Presentation) Describe how you would deliver the information. Use the third person. Expectations Anticipated Benefits The anticipated benefits expected from this educational endeavor will be to educate smokers about lung cancer. A research team is only interested in gathering as much helpful information as possible; therefore, if the targeted population will open up, the team will be more than happy. The targeted population is also expected to benefit from the entire research process. The reason why the questions were asked is to ensure that the team knows how to tackle the problem. For the case of the residents and victims who do not have enough information about the problem, they will be informed further. The victims will benefit by being advised on the best ways to
  • 14. avoid the problem or to deal with it. They will be provided with information about specific programs and facilities that deal with people who are victims of lung cancer. The move is no ensuring that not only the team benefits but also the people who will help in providing data. The expectations of the whole process are that lives will be transformed and all people who will be involved will be enlightened at the end of the entire process. Importance of Anticipated Benefits to Smokers The benefits will be of significance to the entire group. The benefits will be an indication that I did not carry out the research in vain. The group will have lots of knowledge on lung cancer at the end of my entire presentation. The benefits will prove that the resources were not used in vain. Improvement of Health Care Delivery Systems Exploration of lung cancer presents an opportunity for men and women of all ethnicity between the ages of 30 to 65 from the entire community. They do not have to be a patient of Austin Regional Clinic to attend the presentation. Chapter 5 Discussion, Conclusion, Implications, and Recommendations Discussion Give a synopsis of your paper regarding the topic. Use citations as appropriate. Conclusion Describe the one or two points (you can have more than two points) you want the reader to take away from your paper about the topic.
  • 15. Implications In this section, you speculate about the future (in the third person) for the audience, the target population, the industry, and so forth. Recommendations Recommendations are usually about further research. Do you have any recommendations to expand your project to other populations? Do you have any suggestions if someone wanted to duplicate your project? References Markou, A., Sourvinou, I., Vorkas, P. A., Yousef, G. M., & Lianidou, E. (2013). Clinical evaluation of microRNA expression profiling in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer, 81(3), 388-396. Schapira, M. M., Aggarwal, C., Akers, S., Aysola, J., Imbert, D., Langer, C. & Fraenkel, L. (2016). How Patients View Lung Cancer Screening. The Role of Uncertainty in Medical Decision Making. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 13(11), 1969-1976. Hasegawa, Y., Ando, M., Kubo, A., Isa, S. I., Yamamoto, S., Tsujino, K., & Kawaguchi, T. (2014). Human papilloma virus in non-small cell lung cancer in never smokers: a systematic review of the literature. Lung Cancer, 83(1), 8-13. Borghaei, H., Paz-Ares, L., Horn, L., Spigel, D. R., Steins, M., Ready, N. E., & Barlesi, F.
  • 16. (2015). Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(17), 1627-1639. Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A., & DiClemente, R. J. (2015). Research methods in health promotion. John Wiley & Sons. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons. Bowling, A. (2014). Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Pierce, W. C., & Sawyer, D. T. (2013). Quantitative analysis. John Wiley And Sons, Inc; London; Toppon Company, Ltd; Japan. Torre, L. A., Bray, F., Siegel, R. L., Ferlay, J., Lortet‐Tieulent, J., & Jemal, A. (2015). Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 65(2), 87-108. Be sure there is an in-text citation for every entry in the reference list and vice versa. Do not include any sources that you have not used to write the paper. Only peer-reviewed sources are allowed. Sources from university Web sites and other gray literature is not allowed Reference managers are not allowed. You need to format the entries in the reference list yourself.
  • 17. See page 49 of the Publication Manual, Sixth Edition for the proper format for the reference list. See page 198 for the format for journal articles. See pages 202 to 203 for books and chapters in books. See page 205 for reports and words from the dictionary. Here is an example for the format for a Web site: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012, July 10). Measuring hemoglobin A1. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/managingdiabetes/measure NOTICE THE SPELLING OF THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION.The titles of articles from Web pages are not in italics. No underlining of Web link (you can remove by highlighting your link and clicking twice on the “U” on you tools bar. Also, remove the blue color. Change it to black (“A” on the toolbar). You can also right click your mouse and click on “remove hyperlink.” Appendix Title of Your Educational Product Set the spacing for the default for the paper MHS 5207 Practicum Grading Rubric 5 4 3 2 1 0
  • 18. Title, Table of Contents and Abstract 1 Title conforms to APA 6 format 2 Includes running head and page number in upper right-hand corner 3 Definition of running head IN ALL CAPS, & vertically & horizontally centers the title of the paper, its author and their affiliation to the page 4 TOC and Abstract conform to APA 6 format All elements were present, only one minor formatting error There is more than one minor formatting error Three elements incorrectly formatted or missing
  • 19. Four elements incorrectly formatted or missing Does not conform to APA 6 Style at all Introduction 1 Introduction grasps reader’s attention and identifies interested audience 2 Adopts appropriate tone 3 Forecasts major points 4 Articulates purpose/goals of practicum 5 Introduces anticipated outcomes All elements present except one Missing two key elements Missing three key elements Missing four key
  • 20. elements Introduction does not contain any of the key elements Needs Assessment (NA) (Process) 1 Researches appropriate peer reviewed electronic resources and databases 2 Cites recent studies/resources 3 Utilizes appropriate national/local databases for data collection 4 Uses evidence based resources and studies as part of NA All elements present but one All elements present but two All elements
  • 21. present except three Needs assessment attempted but does not contain the prescribed elements Needs assessment not attempted Needs Assessment (Content) 1 Presents coherent information and uses appropriate style to communicate graduate level ideas 2 Information is accurate 3 Information is organized and in appropriate order 4 Student justifies completely & succinctly the health promotion, wellness or educational activities that are needed in their community and All elements
  • 22. present but one All elements present but two All elements present but three Needs assessment attempted but does not contain the prescribed elements Needs assessment not attempted why Review of Literature (Process) 1 Researches appropriate peer reviewed electronic resources and databases 2 Cites recent studies/ resources 3 Utilizes appropriate national/local databases for data collection 4 Chooses evidence-based
  • 23. resources All elements present except one All elements present but two All elements present except three Review of literature attempted but does not contain any of the required elements Review of literature not attempted Review of Literature (Content) For proposed practicum program each student: 1 Identifies applicable key theories 2 Identifies applicable program planning models 3 Explains previous use of appropriate instructional models
  • 24. in the literature 4 Describes literature review of similar program activities and design All elements present except one All elements present but two All elements present except three Review of literature attempted but is missing significant parts of several the required elements Review of literature not attempted Methodology and Procedures 1 Contains effectively, All elements present except one All elements present except one
  • 25. All elements present except two Significant components of This section of the paper not attempted (Values x 2 in this section) quantifiably, concisely organized information that allows program to be replicated 2 Identifies sequential information in an appropriate chronology 3 Does not contain unnecessary or wordy descriptions or procedures 4 Written so that all information inherent to section can be related back to this section 5 Identifies sources of reference
  • 26. materials used for procedures minor portion of one component components several elements missing Results 1 Student summarizes program model planning 2 Student summarizes proposed program implementation 3 Student summarizes program planning evaluation 4 Student explains All elements present except one minor portion of one component All elements present except one component All elements present except two
  • 27. components Significant components of several elements missing This section of the paper not attempted unexpected findings or outcomes Discussion Conclusions 1 Student summarizes purpose of program 2 Student draws inferences that are consistent with the information gathered 3 Student connects inferences made to previous literature review 4 Student relates conclusions to interested audience
  • 28. All elements present except one All elements present except two All elements present except three Significant components of several elements missing This section of the paper not attempted Implications Recommendations 1 Student distinguishes between fact and implications 2 Avoids over generalizing 3 Student offers explanations for further research All elements present except one minor portion of one component
  • 29. All elements present except one component All elements present except two components Significant components of several elements missing This section of the paper not attempted Appendix 1 An appendix was presented and was correctly formatted An appendix was present, minor issues in formatting An appendix was present, at least one major issue in formatting exists An appendix was present, at least two major issues in formatting exists
  • 30. An appendix was present with multiple formatting issues An appendix was indicated but not done APA Format, Grammar & Spelling 1 The font, spacing and levels of headings are correct 2 There are no spelling or The font, spacing and levels of headings are mostly correct with a few minor errors. There are no The font, spacing and levels of headings are correct. There are a few spelling or grammars errors Several headings are included. Some
  • 31. spelling/grammar/l ength and/or bias issues are present Significant formatting problems such as font, spacing and level of headings exist. There are Numerous formatting, spelling, grammar &/or length issues are present throughout the grammar errors 3 No bias in the writing 4 Paper is appropriate in length spelling or grammar errors and no bias in the writing or problems with length and minor bias in the writing (or
  • 32. problems with length) significant issues with spelling, grammar, &/or length paper References 1 All needed citations were included in the paper 2 End of text references match the in text citations 3 All were encoded in APA 6 format All needed citations were included in the paper. Most references match the in-text citations, and were encoded in APA 6 format All needed citations were included in the paper. Some references match the in-text citations
  • 33. and were encoded in APA 6 format Citations within the body of the text and a corresponding reference list was present, some formatting problems exist Citations in the paper were not present or did not match the reference page. Significant formatting problems exist Multiple citations in the paper are not reflected in the reference section or this section has major errors or is missing Total out of 70