The document discusses different rules of composition for photographs, including flat perspective for portrait images with no depth effects, rule of thirds for placing the subject off-center to create more active space, diagonal perspective for portrait images taken at an angle, foreground and background space for landscape images, frame within a frame using a natural foreground element to frame the landscape, active space using rule of thirds for a model moving into the framed space, vertical/horizontal lines to show nature, and lines of symmetry for portraits that would look the same on both sides.