The document provides a history and overview of the rubber industry. It discusses how rubber was first used by indigenous peoples in America and studied by European explorers. Key developments include the vulcanization process invented by Goodyear in 1840 which allowed rubber to be molded and resistant to heat and chemicals. The tire was adapted for automobiles in 1895, driving the global rubber market. The document also describes natural rubber from rubber trees and synthetic rubbers made from raw materials like butadiene, styrene, and isoprene.

1. RUBBERRUBBER
INDUSTRYINDUSTRY
Prakruti Prajapati – 51
Submitted to : Dr. Tejas Pavagadhi

2. INTRODUCTION &INTRODUCTION &
HISTORYHISTORY
 Rubber was known to the indigenousRubber was known to the indigenous
people of America before the arrival ofpeople of America before the arrival of
European explorers.European explorers.
 1525- Mexican tribes people were1525- Mexican tribes people were
reported playing with elastic balls.reported playing with elastic balls.
 The first scientific study of rubber wasThe first scientific study of rubber was
undertaken by Charles de la Condamine,undertaken by Charles de la Condamine,
when he encountered it during his trip towhen he encountered it during his trip to
Peru in 1735.Peru in 1735.

3.  The French engineer Condamine studiedThe French engineer Condamine studied
the rubber at home ground and concludedthe rubber at home ground and concluded
that it is a type of “Condensed resinousthat it is a type of “Condensed resinous
oil.”oil.”
 The first use for rubber was an eraser.The first use for rubber was an eraser.
 1815- Hancock (UK) invented rubber1815- Hancock (UK) invented rubber
mattress and waterproof coat andmattress and waterproof coat and
built machine for their production.built machine for their production.

4.  1820 – Rubber threads were invented1820 – Rubber threads were invented
which were used in clothingwhich were used in clothing
accessories.accessories.
- Water proof footwear- Water proof footwear
- Water proof fabrics- Water proof fabrics
- Snow boots- Snow boots
 1840 – Goodyear discovered vulcanization1840 – Goodyear discovered vulcanization
by accident.by accident.

5.  1842- Hancock came into the possession1842- Hancock came into the possession
of vulcanized rubber produced byof vulcanized rubber produced by
Goodyear.Goodyear.
• 1845- R.W. Thomson invented Pneumatic1845- R.W. Thomson invented Pneumatic
tire, inner tube and textured threadtire, inner tube and textured thread
• 1850- Rubber toys1850- Rubber toys
- Golf balls- Golf balls
- Tennis balls- Tennis balls

6.  1869- Reinvention of tire as Thomson’s1869- Reinvention of tire as Thomson’s
invention was forgotten.invention was forgotten.
 1879-82 – Bouchardt discovered1879-82 – Bouchardt discovered
polymerization of isoprene.polymerization of isoprene.
 1895- Michelin adapted the tire to1895- Michelin adapted the tire to
Automobile, since then, rubber hasAutomobile, since then, rubber has
held an outstanding position in theheld an outstanding position in the
global market.global market.

9. NATURAL RUBBERNATURAL RUBBER
 Natural rubber is a yellowish, Amorphus,Natural rubber is a yellowish, Amorphus,
Elastic material obtained throughElastic material obtained through
coagulated the latex produced by certaincoagulated the latex produced by certain
plants, particularly the Brazilian Rubberplants, particularly the Brazilian Rubber
tree (Hevea Brasiliensis).tree (Hevea Brasiliensis).
 This raw material is usually tapped fromThis raw material is usually tapped from
the rubber tree, which is native tothe rubber tree, which is native to
Amazonia.Amazonia.

10.  Although there is a large number ofAlthough there is a large number of
species that exude secretions similar tospecies that exude secretions similar to
latex when the bark is cut, only a fewlatex when the bark is cut, only a few
produce sufficient quantities of qualityproduce sufficient quantities of quality
adequate for exploitation on economicadequate for exploitation on economic
bases.bases.

11. SYNTHETIC RUBBERSYNTHETIC RUBBER
 A material with the chemical property thatA material with the chemical property that
it can undergo elastic deformation underit can undergo elastic deformation under
stress and still return to its previous sizestress and still return to its previous size
without permanent deformation.without permanent deformation.

12. RAW MATERIALSRAW MATERIALS
 ButadieneButadiene
 StyreneStyrene
 IsopreneIsoprene
 EthyleneEthylene
 PropylenePropylene

13. BUTADIENEBUTADIENE
 Chemical formula : CChemical formula : C44HH66
 IUPAC Name : Buta-1,3-dieneIUPAC Name : Buta-1,3-diene
 Production:- Extraction from C4Production:- Extraction from C4
hydrocarbonshydrocarbons
- Dehydrogenation of n-butane- Dehydrogenation of n-butane
- From ethanol & Butenes- From ethanol & Butenes

14. 1,3-Butadyne

15. STYRENESTYRENE
 Chemical Formula : CChemical Formula : C66HH55CH=CHCH=CH22
 IUPAC Name : Phenyl EtheneIUPAC Name : Phenyl Ethene
 Occurs naturally in some plants like..Occurs naturally in some plants like..
- Cinnamom- Cinnamom
- Coffee Beans- Coffee Beans
- Peanuts- Peanuts
 Also found in coal tarAlso found in coal tar
 1919thth
century – isolated by distillation of thecentury – isolated by distillation of the
natural storax balsamnatural storax balsam

16. PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION :-:-
 By Dehydrogenation of ethyl benzeneBy Dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene
 From oxygenation of ethyl benzeneFrom oxygenation of ethyl benzene
hydroperoxidehydroperoxide
 From Toluene & Methanol by forcing theFrom Toluene & Methanol by forcing the
zeolitic catalyst at 400-425°Czeolitic catalyst at 400-425°C
 Dehydrogenation of Benzene+EthaneDehydrogenation of Benzene+Ethane

18. ISOPRENEISOPRENE
 Chemical formula : CChemical formula : C55HH55
 Natural Occurrences :Natural Occurrences :
On the trees like- OaksOn the trees like- Oaks
- Poplars- Poplars
- Eucalypts- Eucalypts
- Some legumes- Some legumes

19. ISOPRENE