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RUANG LINGKUP FISIOLOGI OR.ppt
- 1. Ruang Lingkup Ilmu Keolahragaan Soetanto Hartono
- 2. §1.1 THE DISCIPLINE OF HUMAN MOTOR DEVELOPMENT Motor Control Motor Development Motor Learning Kinesiology Motor Behavior Exercise Physiology , History of Sport, Philosophy of Sport , Sport Psychology,e tc.
- 3. Motor learning Motor learning adalah disiplin akademik yang mencari tahu dalam usaha untuk mengerti bagaimana orang belajar kecakapan motorik, gerakan yang punya tujuan tertentu dan bagaimana pembelajaran dapat difasilitasi (Magill, 2006).
- 4. Motor control Motor control “… adalah studi mengenai faktor neurofisiologis yang mempengaruhi gerak manusia.” (Payne & Isaacs, 2002, p. 1).
- 5. Motor development Motor development, adalah “… study mengenai perubahan perilaku motorik sepanjang hidup, proses dibalik perubahan tersebut dan faktor2 yang mempengaruhinya” (Payne & Isaacs, 2005, p. 2).
- 6. Lingkup Fisiologi Olahraga antara lain: Fisiologi Kardiovaskuler / kebugaran Metabolisme substrat (bahan bakar) Angkat beban Ergogenik Motor development
- 7. Fisiologi kardiovaskuler Fungsi Jantung Terminology – siklus jantung – (kejadian antara 2 detak jantung); stroke volume (SV) – volume darah yang disemprotkan dari bilik kiri cardiac output (Q) - volume darah yang dipompa oleh bilik kiri per menit. SV = EDV – ESV (100 – 40 = 60 ml) Q = HR x SV (80 x 60 = 4,800 ml/min)
- 8. Fisiologi kardiovaskuler Stroke volume Meningkat sesuai dengan beban kerja, tetapi hanya sampai 40-60% kapasitas maksimal. (tdk terlatih 50-60 ml ke 100-120 ml, pd org terlatih dari 80-110 sampai 160- 200 ml). Cardiac output Meningkat secar langsung sesuai dengan intensitas latihan sampai 20-40 l/min
- 9. Fisiologi kardiovaskuler VO2 max = Q x (a-v)O2 difference Q = HR x SV Q dalam L/menit (a-v)O2 diff dalam ml/dl
- 11. DARAH Oxygen content Saat rest – 20 ml O2/100 ml arterial blood – 14 ml O2/100 ml venous blood Arteriovenous difference – 6 ml Saat latihan – lbh banyak oxygen diambil – v oxygen di vena turun sampai 2-4 ml O2/100 ml darah – sampai hampir 0.
- 13. Anaerobic threshold Ditentukan dengan menandai titik dimana VE/Vo2 menunjukkankenaikan yang tdk linier sedangkan VE/Vco2 relatif stabil. Dapat dipergunakan sebagai perkiraan lactate threshold.
- 14. Lactate Threshold Lactate (mmols) Speed (mph) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Light to Moderate Exercise. LA removed Heavy Exercise. LA accumulates
- 16. Energy Continuum
- 17. (Used as a fuel)
- 18. 18 79% N 20.97% O2 0.03% CO2 79% N ~17% O2 ~4% CO2 Ventilation (Liters of air per minute) Oxygen Uptake
- 19. VO2max Values Percentile 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+ Men 90 55.1 52.1 50.6 49.0 44.2 50 44.2 42.6 41.0 37.8 34.6 10 34.5 33.0 31.4 29.9 26.7 Women 90 49.0 45.8 42.6 37.8 34.6 50 37.8 34.6 33.0 29.9 26.7 10 28.4 26.7 25.1 21.9 20.3 Source: ACSM
- 20. * General Population, Female, Aged 20-29: 35-43 ml/kg/min * General Population, Male, Aged 20-29: 44-51 * US College Track, Male: 57.4 * College Students, Male: 44.6 * Highest Recorded Female (Cross-Country Skier): 74 * Highest Recorded Male (Cross-Country Skier): 94
- 21. Bjørn Dæhlie 96 ml/kg/min Steve Prefontaine 84 ml/kg/min
- 22. Which Components of fitness? Speed Strength Power Flexibility
- 23. Weight Training Maximum strength is Developed by; • Lifting heavy weights (95% 1RM) • 3-5 Reps • 3-5 Sets • 3-5 minutes recovery
- 24. HORMON Adrenal medulla: adrenalin cortex : glucocorticoid Pancreas; insulin, glucagon Thyroid dan Parathyroid Pituitary (hipofise)
- 26. The pituitary gland is composed to two parts: 1) Neurohypophysis: connected to hypothalamus by axons. 2) Adenohypophysis: a portal system of fenestrated capillaries supplies it with hypothalamic releasing hormones. The neurohypophysis consists of a set of nerve endings that release their hormones directly into the blood. These hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and travel via axonal TX. Fenestration make these 1st capillaries very permeable to the releasing hormones!!! Fenestrations also make this second set permeable too!
- 27. Sex Steroid Synthesis in gonads of males and females is very similar, difference is that in females testosterone is further metabolized to make estradiol. Smaller amounts of synthesis also occurs in the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex.
- 28. Penggunaan bahan bakar saat olahraga
- 29. Integration of Metabolism: Review of Roles of Systems in Muscle Contraction Integration of Metabolism: Review of Roles of Systems in Muscle Contraction
- 30. Mitochondria (Krebs cycle & Electron Transport Chain) Acetyl-CoA 1. 2. 1. 2. Oxygen Lactic Acid Production What happens to pyruvate? If adequate oxygen… pyruvate to acetyl CoA hydrogen to H2O If inadequate oxygen… pyruvate and hydrogen to lactic acid What happens to lactic acid levels as the exercise intensity increases?
- 31. Lactate Threshold The Lactate Threshold typically occurs between 50- 85% of Vo2max What is significant about the intensity level at the lactate threshold? VO2m ax 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Running Speed 3 4 5 6 7 8
- 33. Ergogenic Aids Macam: Psychological Mechanical Pharmacological Physiological Nutritional
- 34. Pharmacological Agents w Amphetamines w Beta blockers w Caffeine w Diuretics w Recreational drugs (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, nicotine) w Na-bicarbonate w Carnitin w Anabolic Steroid w Hypnosis
- 35. Caffeine Effects Competitive cyclists pedaled to exhaustion at 80% VO2max after drinking a decaffeinated drink or a caffeinated drink – note that the lines for FFA are incorrectly reversed. The caffeine group exercised 20% longer than the decaffeinated group. McArdle, Katch, and Katch, Exercise Physiology, 2001
- 36. VO2MAX AND FATIGUE AFTER BLOOD DOPING .
- 37. Effects of Bicarbonate Loading before and between Exercise Bouts The 5th bout was to exhaustion; the bicarbonate-loaded group went 42% longer than the control group.