The document is a recitation session focusing on application logging and object-relational mapping using tools like Log4j and Hibernate. It covers the definitions, importance, and tips for effective logging, as well as the challenges of object-relational impedance mismatch, and how Hibernate addresses these issues. Additionally, practical examples of Hibernate configuration and coding are included, along with several relevant references for further reading.

1. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
BLG 411E – Software Engineering
Recitation Session 4
Application Logging and Object-Relational Mapping
Atakan Aral, Bilge Süheyla Akkoca
02.12.2014

2. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Outline
1 Logging
Log4j
2 ORM
Hibernate
3 References

3. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Application Logging
Introduction
Definition
Recording the events which happen during a software
execution.
Logging allows to:
audit important items,
analyze application use,
trace errors.
Performance is the most important consideration.

4. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Application Logging
Logging Levels
OFF No logging
FATAL Only errors that cause the application to abort
ERROR Critical errors that prevent the use case from
continuing
WARN Other errors and exceptions where processes
may still continue, i.e. “Current data
unavailable, using cached values”
INFO Life cycle events, completion of use cases, i.e.
“[Who] booked ticket from [Where] to [Where]”
DEBUG All other (sub) events
TRACE All method invocations with parameter and
return values

5. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Application Logging
Tips
Apply logging levels appropriately
Avoid side effects (no impact on the application’s
behavior)
Log for easy reading and easy parsing
Include both data and description, no magic numbers
or characters (i.e. &&&)
Use a logging pattern (i.e. %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS}
%-5level [%thread][%logger{0}] %m%n)
Maximize logging for external systems
Maximize logging when in trouble, not otherwise
Avoid excessive string concatenation, use parametrized
logging methods
Do not log sensitive information

6. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Log4j
Introduction
Definition
A Java-based logging utility which provides performance
improvements and advanced filtering.
import org . apache . logging . l o g 4 j . LogManager ;
import org . apache . logging . l o g 4 j . Logger ;
public class HelloWorld {
pr ivate s t a t i c f i n a l Logger l
= LogManager . getLogger ( " HelloWorld " ) ;
public s t a t i c void main ( St r i n g [ ] args ) {
l . i n f o ( " Hello , World ! " ) ;
l . e r r o r ( " Mission f a i l e d ! " ) ;
}
}

7. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Object-Relational Mapping
Definitions
Persistence Application’s data to outlive the
applications process, state of objects
to live beyond the scope of the JVM so
that the same state is available later
DMSs Although ODBMSs are emerging,
RDBMSs are still the most popular
ones.
Paradigm mismatch Object models (i.e. Java) and
relational models (i.e. SQL) do not
work very well together. See the next
slide for the details.
ORM A programming technique for
converting data between the two
incompatible type systems

8. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Object-Relational Mapping
Object-relational impedance mismatch
RDBMSs represent data in a tabular format where
object-oriented languages represent it as an inter-connected
graph of objects. Mismatch problems:
Granularity Object model usually has more classes
than the number of corresponding tables
in the database.
Subtypes Inheritance in OOP does not exist in
RDBMSs.
Identity OOP supports identity (a == b) and
equality (a:equals(b)) while RDBMSs only
support identity (the primary key).
Association References vs. foreign keys
Navigation In OOP, navigation is from one association
to another, walking the object network.
That is inefficient in RDBMSs, so JOINs
are used.

9. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Hibernate
Introduction
Definition
Hibernate is an ORM library for Java that solves object-relational
impedance mismatch problems by replacing direct
persistence-related DB access with high-level object
handling functions.
Allows developer to concentrate on Java code instead
of complex SQL statements.
Reduces the lines of code, makes the system more
understandable and easier to maintain.
Abstracts the application away from the underlying SQL
database and dialect, fosters portability.

10. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Hibernate
Hibernate mapping file
Class–Table
Property–Id
Property–Column
Types and column names are optional.
<hibernatemapping
class name= Product tab l e =PRODUCTS
i d name= product Id column= pid
generator class= assigned /
/ i d
proper t y name=proName column=pname /
proper t y name= p r i c e /
proper t y name= date type= timestamp
column= creat ion_date /
/ class
/ hibernatemapping

11. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Hibernate
Hibernate configuration file
JDBC connection information (connection.driver_class,
connection.username, connection.password,
connection.url)
Number of connections (connection.pool_size)
SQL variant (dialect)
DB schema generation (hbm2ddl.auto)
Mapping persistent classes (mapping)

12. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Hibernate
Hibernate configuration file
hibernatec o n f i g u r a t i o n
sessionf a c t o r y
proper t y name= connect ion . d r i v e r _ c l a s s
oracle . jdbc . d r i v e r . OracleDr iver
/ proper t y
proper t y name= connect ion . u r l
jdbc:oracle: thin:@www . java4s . com:1521:XE
/ proper t y
proper t y name= connect ion . user user / proper t y
proper t y name= connect ion . password
password
/ proper t y
proper t y name= show_sql t rue / proper t y
proper t y name= d i a l e c t
org . hibernate . d i a l e c t . Orac leDialec t
/ proper t y
proper t y name= hbm2ddl . auto update / proper t y
mapping resource= product .hbm. xml /
/ sessionf a c t o r y
/ hibernatec o n f i g u r a t i o n

13. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Hibernate
Sample program code
import org . hibernate . ;
import org . hibernate . cfg . ;
public class Cl ientForSave {
public s t a t i c void main ( St r i n g [ ] args ) {
Conf igurat ion cfg = new Conf igurat ion ( ) ;
cfg . conf igure ( hibernate . cfg . xml ) ;
SessionFactory f a c t o r y = cfg . bui ldSessionFactory ( ) ;
Session session = f a c t o r y . openSession ( ) ;
Product p = new Product ( ) ;
p . setProduct Id ( 1 0 1 ) ;
p . setProName ( iPhone ) ;
p . setPr i ce (25000) ;
p . setDate (new Date ( ) ) ;
session . beginTransact ion ( ) ;
session . save ( p ) ;
session . getTransact ion ( ) . commit ( ) ;
session . close ( ) ;
f a c t o r y . close ( ) ;
}
}

14. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
Hibernate
Sample program code
session = sessionFactory . openSession ( ) ;
session . beginTransact ion ( ) ;
L i s t r e s u l t = session . createQuery ( from PRODUCTS ) . l i s t ( ) ;
for ( Product p : ( L i s t Product ) r e s u l t ) {
System. out . p r i n t l n ( Product (
+ p . setProduct Id ( ) + ) : + p . setProName ( ) ) ;
}
session . getTransact ion ( ) . commit ( ) ;
session . close ( ) ;

15. BLG 411E
Software
Engineering
Recitation 4
Logging
Log4j
ORM
Hibernate
References
References and Further Reading
http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/01/
10-tips-proper-application-logging.html
http:
//blogg.kantega.no/logging-in-java-with-users-in-mind/
http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/
http://www.agiledata.org/essays/impedanceMismatch.html
http://hibernate.org/orm/
http://www.java4s.com/hibernate/
hibernate-hello-world-program-saving-an-objcet/