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The document discusses the age of the universe. It provides background on how the Big Bang theory is currently the most powerful explanation for the birth of the universe and expansion over time. It notes that the estimated age of the universe based on various scientific projects is 13.75 billion years, with an uncertainty range, since the time of the Big Bang. It indicates it will research how measurements of background radiation and the expansion of the universe are used to calculate the age.
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Lesson 1 In the Beginning (Big Bang Theory and the Formation of Light Elements)
Content: How the Elements Found in the Universe were Formed
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
• the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
Learning Competency
The learners:
• give evidence for and explain the formation of the light elements in the Big Bang theory (S11/12PS-IIIa-1)
Summary
• The big bang theory explains how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements involved many nuclear reactions, including fusion fission and radioactive decay
• There are three cosmic stages through which specific groups of elements were formed.
(1) The big bang nucleosynthesis formed the light elements(H, He, and Li).
(2) Stellar formation and evolution formed the elements heavier than Be to Fe.
(3) Stellar explosion , or supernova, formed the elements heavier than Fe.
• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that have all the properties of an element. They composed of smaller subatomic particles as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have positive charge, neutrons are electrically neutral; and electrons have a negative charge.
• The nucleus, which takes the central region of an atom, is comprised of protons and neutrons, electrons move around the nucleus.
• The atomic number (Z) indicates the number of protons in an atom. In a neutral atom, number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. The atomic mass (A) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
• Isotopes refer to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
• Ions, which are positively or negatively charged particles, have the same number of protons in different number of electrons.
Tests of big bang
The document discusses nucleosynthesis in the early universe and provides evidence for the Big Bang theory. It explains that during the first three minutes after the Big Bang, most deuterium combined to form helium and trace amounts of lithium. The predicted abundances of these light elements depend on the density of ordinary matter and agree well with observations, providing strong evidence for the Big Bang.
Activity 2.nucleosynthesis
This document provides instructions for an activity to recall atomic symbols. Students are asked to complete a table distinguishing ions from isotopes. Ions are positively or negatively charged atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons, while isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses. Students are then asked questions to test their understanding, such as identifying which elements presented are ions based on their charges, which are isotopes based on having the same number of protons, and the differences between three isotopes of hydrogen.
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Recommended
Lesson 1 In the Beginning (Big Bang Theory and the Formation of Light Elements)
Content: How the Elements Found in the Universe were Formed
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
• the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during stellar evolution
Learning Competency
The learners:
• give evidence for and explain the formation of the light elements in the Big Bang theory (S11/12PS-IIIa-1)
Summary
• The big bang theory explains how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements involved many nuclear reactions, including fusion fission and radioactive decay
• There are three cosmic stages through which specific groups of elements were formed.
(1) The big bang nucleosynthesis formed the light elements(H, He, and Li).
(2) Stellar formation and evolution formed the elements heavier than Be to Fe.
(3) Stellar explosion , or supernova, formed the elements heavier than Fe.
• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that have all the properties of an element. They composed of smaller subatomic particles as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have positive charge, neutrons are electrically neutral; and electrons have a negative charge.
• The nucleus, which takes the central region of an atom, is comprised of protons and neutrons, electrons move around the nucleus.
• The atomic number (Z) indicates the number of protons in an atom. In a neutral atom, number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. The atomic mass (A) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
• Isotopes refer to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
• Ions, which are positively or negatively charged particles, have the same number of protons in different number of electrons.
Tests of big bang
The document discusses nucleosynthesis in the early universe and provides evidence for the Big Bang theory. It explains that during the first three minutes after the Big Bang, most deuterium combined to form helium and trace amounts of lithium. The predicted abundances of these light elements depend on the density of ordinary matter and agree well with observations, providing strong evidence for the Big Bang.
Activity 2.nucleosynthesis
This document provides instructions for an activity to recall atomic symbols. Students are asked to complete a table distinguishing ions from isotopes. Ions are positively or negatively charged atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons, while isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses. Students are then asked questions to test their understanding, such as identifying which elements presented are ions based on their charges, which are isotopes based on having the same number of protons, and the differences between three isotopes of hydrogen.
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The document discusses the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from an initial extremely hot and dense state. It provides historical background on the development of the theory and scientists involved like Lemaitre. The document also outlines evidence that supports the theory, such as the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation and Hubble's law of universal expansion. However, it notes there are still open problems and the theory is not perfect.
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The document discusses the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from an initial extremely hot and dense state. It describes how the universe rapidly expanded after the Big Bang, cooling and forming the first atoms. The theory provides explanations for observations such as the expansion of the universe and cosmic microwave background radiation. The document also notes some criticisms of the Big Bang theory and areas that require further research.
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The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the sudden explosion of a tiny, infinitely dense point that contained all of the mass and space-time of the known universe. As this primeval atom exploded, the universe began expanding rapidly and cooling, allowing subatomic particles, atoms, stars and galaxies to form. Evidence for the theory includes cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies indicating an expanding universe. However, some questions remain about what caused the initial singularity and what the ultimate fate of the universe will be.
Big Bang Theory origins2.ppt
The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the sudden explosion of a tiny, infinitely dense point. This explosion sent matter expanding outward to form the universe in its current state. Evidence for this theory includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies, both of which indicate the universe is expanding from an initial point in the distant past. However, some open questions remain about what caused the initial explosion and what the ultimate fate of the universe will be.
Big Bang Theory origins2.ppt Social sciences
The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the sudden explosion of a tiny, infinitely dense point that contained all of the mass and space-time of the known universe. As this primeval atom exploded, the universe began rapidly expanding and cooling, allowing protons, neutrons, and electrons to form within the first few seconds. Over millions of years, the first hydrogen atoms formed, which later coalesced to create the first stars and galaxies, and eventually all of the complex structures we observe today, like planets and life. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies indicating an expanding universe. However, some uncertainties remain around what
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The document summarizes the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from a very hot and dense initial state known as a singularity. It describes how scientists like Einstein, Friedmann, Hubble, Penzias and Wilson contributed evidence through discoveries like cosmic microwave background radiation and redshift that supported the expansion of the universe from this initial point. The document also addresses some common misconceptions about the Big Bang, such as that it was not an explosion but rather an expansion, and that the singularity did not appear in space but rather space began inside the singularity.
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The document summarizes the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from a very hot and dense initial state known as a singularity. It describes how scientists like Einstein, Friedmann, Hubble, Penzias and Wilson contributed evidence through discoveries like cosmic microwave background radiation and redshift that supported the expansion of the universe from this initial point. The document also addresses some common misconceptions about the Big Bang, such as that it was not an explosion but rather an expansion, and that the singularity did not appear in space but rather space began inside the singularity.
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The document discusses the structure, composition, and origin of the universe according to the Big Bang theory. It begins by explaining that the universe is approximately 13.7 billion years old and composed of various forms of matter and energy. It then discusses early hypotheses for the origin of the universe before introducing the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang theory proposes that the universe began from an extremely hot, dense singularity which expanded and cooled over billions of years, allowing the formation of hydrogen, helium, and later heavier elements. Key evidence for the Big Bang theory includes the observation of galaxy redshifts, the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, and the abundance of light elements.
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The document discusses physical science and the formation of elements. It covers the key stages of element formation during the Big Bang and stellar evolution. Specifically, it explains that light elements like hydrogen and helium were formed during the Big Bang through nucleosynthesis. Heavier elements were then created through nuclear fusion in stars and supernova explosions during stellar evolution.
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I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable making claims about the compatibility or incompatibility of religion and science. These are complex topics with reasonable perspectives on both sides.
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Cosmology is the branch of science that studies the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe as a whole. It seeks to understand the physical laws that govern the universe, the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the formation and evolution of galaxies, and the ultimate fate of the universe. The modern understanding of cosmology is based on the theory of general relativity, which was developed by Albert Einstein in 1915. According to this theory, the universe is described as a four-dimensional space-time that is curved by the presence of matter and energy. The curvature of space-time determines the motion of objects in the universe, and it can be calculated using Einstein's equations. One of the key concepts in modern cosmology is the Big Bang theory, which states that the universe began as a hot, dense, and infinitely small point about 13.8 billion years ago. The universe has been expanding and cooling ever since, with the galaxies moving farther and farther apart from each other. Another important concept in cosmology is dark matter, which is a type of matter that does not interact with light or any other form of electromagnetic radiation. Dark matter is believed to make up about 85% of the matter in the universe, and its gravitational effects can be observed through the motions of galaxies and galaxy clusters. Dark energy is another mysterious component of the universe, which is believed to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe in the present era. Dark energy is thought to make up about 70% of the total energy density of the universe, and its nature is not yet well understood. Cosmologists use a variety of observational and theoretical tools to study the universe, including telescopes, satellites, computer simulations, and mathematical models. The field of cosmology is constantly evolving as new observations and discoveries are made, and it is one of the most active and exciting areas of research in modern astrophysics.
This book is a comprehensive introduction to the field of cosmology, written for students and general readers interested in learning about the origins, evolution, and structure of the universe. The book covers the historical development of cosmological theories, from the ancient Greeks to the present day, and explores the latest observations and discoveries in astrophysics and cosmology. The book provides a clear and accessible explanation of the principles of general relativity, quantum mechanics, and other scientific theories that underpin our understanding of the universe. It also discusses the role of dark matter and dark energy in the structure and evolution of the universe, and explores the possibility of parallel universes and other speculative theories. This book emphasizes the importance of observational evidence and scientific testing in the development of cosmological theories, and it discusses the challenges and limitations of scientific inquiry in this field.
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This Lecture is based on Scientific Discoveries and Religious Scripture of Sikh religion " Sri Guru Granth Sahib". Surprisingly, Guru Nanak, founder of Sikh religion, was forerunner of Big Bang cosmology; his ideas on Creation of Space, Time and Universe find an echo in Big Bang Cosmological Models proposed 500 years after Guru Nanak's vision recorded in "Sri Guru Granth Sahib". Original quotes from Guru Nanak are recorded in Gurmukhi script/Fonts.
Best big bang presentation
The document discusses the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from an initial extremely hot and dense state. It provides historical background on the development of the theory and scientists involved like Lemaitre. The document also outlines evidence that supports the theory, such as the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation and Hubble's law of universal expansion. However, it notes there are still open problems and the theory is not perfect.
Best big bang presentation
The document discusses the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from an initial extremely hot and dense state. It describes how the universe rapidly expanded after the Big Bang, cooling and forming the first atoms. The theory provides explanations for observations such as the expansion of the universe and cosmic microwave background radiation. The document also notes some criticisms of the Big Bang theory and areas that require further research.
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The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the sudden explosion of a tiny, infinitely dense point that contained all of the mass and space-time of the known universe. As this primeval atom exploded, the universe began expanding rapidly and cooling, allowing subatomic particles, atoms, stars and galaxies to form. Evidence for the theory includes cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies indicating an expanding universe. However, some questions remain about what caused the initial singularity and what the ultimate fate of the universe will be.
Big Bang Theory origins2.ppt
The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the sudden explosion of a tiny, infinitely dense point. This explosion sent matter expanding outward to form the universe in its current state. Evidence for this theory includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies, both of which indicate the universe is expanding from an initial point in the distant past. However, some open questions remain about what caused the initial explosion and what the ultimate fate of the universe will be.
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The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the sudden explosion of a tiny, infinitely dense point that contained all of the mass and space-time of the known universe. As this primeval atom exploded, the universe began rapidly expanding and cooling, allowing protons, neutrons, and electrons to form within the first few seconds. Over millions of years, the first hydrogen atoms formed, which later coalesced to create the first stars and galaxies, and eventually all of the complex structures we observe today, like planets and life. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshifting of light from distant galaxies indicating an expanding universe. However, some uncertainties remain around what
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The document summarizes the 10 key steps in the generally accepted theory of the formation and evolution of the universe according to the Big Bang theory:
1) The universe began as an incredibly hot, dense point that rapidly expanded in an event known as the Big Bang.
2) The universe underwent a period of rapid exponential expansion known as inflation shortly after the Big Bang.
3) Light chemical elements like hydrogen and helium formed in the first few minutes as the universe cooled and expanded.
4) After about 380,000 years, the universe cooled enough for light to shine through for the first time.
5) The first stars and galaxies emerged from the "cosmic dark ages" over the
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1. The document discusses various scientific and religious viewpoints on cosmology and the origins of the universe. It describes cosmological models from Aristotle to Einstein and beyond.
2. Einstein's general theory of relativity presented models of an expanding universe from a singular initial state of infinite density. Some models propose the universe oscillates between expansion and contraction, avoiding singularities.
3. Religious views discussed include Hinduism describing creation through Brahma, and the Sikh scripture proposing an initial "Sünn" phase before creation corresponding to Big Bang cosmology.
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Ancient astronomers originally constructed a model where Earth was at the center of the universe, but this model could not fully explain observations even after adding complex elements. A new model was proposed where the Sun, not Earth, was the center, and this model fit the evidence better. In science, hypotheses must be testable explanations that can be evaluated based on experiments and new observations over time. This process of challenging and refining hypotheses is how scientific understanding progresses.
Thebigbangtheory
The document summarizes the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from a very hot and dense initial state known as a singularity. It describes how scientists like Einstein, Friedmann, Hubble, Penzias and Wilson contributed evidence through discoveries like cosmic microwave background radiation and redshift that supported the expansion of the universe from this initial point. The document also addresses some common misconceptions about the Big Bang, such as that it was not an explosion but rather an expansion, and that the singularity did not appear in space but rather space began inside the singularity.
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The document summarizes the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from a very hot and dense initial state known as a singularity. It describes how scientists like Einstein, Friedmann, Hubble, Penzias and Wilson contributed evidence through discoveries like cosmic microwave background radiation and redshift that supported the expansion of the universe from this initial point. The document also addresses some common misconceptions about the Big Bang, such as that it was not an explosion but rather an expansion, and that the singularity did not appear in space but rather space began inside the singularity.
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The document summarizes the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from a very hot and dense initial state known as a singularity. It describes how scientists like Einstein, Friedmann, Hubble, Penzias and Wilson contributed evidence through discoveries like cosmic microwave background radiation and redshift that supported the expansion of the universe from this initial point. The document also addresses some common misconceptions about the Big Bang, such as that it was not an explosion but rather an expansion, and that the singularity did not appear in space but rather space began inside the singularity.
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From the Beginning of Space and Time: Modern Science and the Mystic Universe
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Roy(2)
- 1. Age of the universe Brief Description of Content: s1150050 Tomhide Oshikiri
- 2. Outline ● Introduction ● Background ● Relation between temperature and age ● How to decide in age of the universe(1) ● How to decide in age of the universe(2) ● Conclusion
- 3. Introduction My graduation thesis is astrophysics. The research content is a birth of space, and a constituent of the planet though it is not decided. It is very interesting though it is a very difficult content. There are a lot of things that have not been yet clarified in astrophysics.
- 4. background There are various theories in the birth of space. Space is born by the big-bang, and expanding is most powerful theory in space now. If it keeps swelling just like the balloon, space is a theory of being explode before long. The collapse of space is after 50 billion years. The space birth is not often understood. I research the age of the universe. There are various theories in the age of the universe. I choose one in that, and research it. The estimated age of the universe is 13.75 ¡Þ 0.17 billion years, the time since the Big Bang.
- 5. . The uncertainty range has been obtained by the agreement of a number of scientific research projects. These projects included background radiation measurements and more ways to measure the expansion of the universe. Background radiation measurements give the cooling time of the universe since the Big Bang. Expansion of the universe measurements give accurate data to calculate the age of the universe.
- 6. Relation between temperature and age It is researching.
- 7. How to decide in age of the universe It is researching.