The Japanese yen is currently strong against other currencies like the dollar, which hurts Japan's export-driven economy. A strong yen makes Japanese goods more expensive overseas, lowering export sales and potentially causing a recession. It has been difficult for Japan to escape deflation, and the document argues that Japan should pursue political solutions rather than just more quantitative easing, by encouraging funds to flow out of Japan and abroad where returns are higher, which would help weaken the yen.