Pharmacology

1. Routes of Drug
Administration
-Dr Rupesh Dalavi

2. 1. Enteral route
- Oral route
- Sublingual route
- Rectal route
2. Parenteral route
- Injections
- Inhalations
- Topical

3. 1. Oral route
-It is oldest and commenest mode of drug
administration.
- It is safer , more convinient and often
painless.
-Both solid dosage forms & liquid dosage
forms can be given orally.
- Action of drug is slower.
Enteral route

4. -An objectionable odour
or taste
-damage or
discolouration of teeth
-irritation of gastric
mucosa , causing nausea
& vomiting
-Not useful in
unconscious states
Advantages Disadvantages
- Easy administration
- Painless procedure
-No skilled person
required
-Most widely &
acceptable route
-Self medication is
possible

8. 2. Sublingual route
- It is also called as buccal route.
-Sublingual administration is where the dosage
form is placed under the tongue.
-only lipid soluble & non-
irritating drugs can be so
administered.
-Rapid absorption takes
place

9. Advantages Disadvantages
- Economical
-First- pass metabolism
avoided
- Drug absorption is quick
-can be self
administered
-No skilled person
required
-Unpalatable & bitter
drugs
- Irritation of oral mucosa
-Large qty of drugs are
not given
- Few drugs are absorbed

10. 3. Rectal route
-Drugs that are administered rectally as a
suppository.
-In this form , a drug is mixed with a waxy substance
that dissolves or liquefies after it is inserted into the
rectum.
-e.g Diazepam , Indomethcin , paraldehyde ,
ergotamine

11. Advantages Disadvantages
- used in children.
-Little or no first pass
effect ( ext
haemorrhoidal vein )
-used in vomiting or
unconscious.
-Higher concentration
rapidly achieved.
- Inconvenient
-Absorption is slow and
erratic.
-Irritation or
inflammation of rectal
mucosa can occur.

12. Parenteral route
1. Injections - syringes & needles
- Jet injection syringe ( Hypospray )
- Intradermal ( Intracutaneous )
- Subcutaneous ( Hypodermic )
- Hypodermoclysis
- Intramedullary
- Intra-arterial
- Intrathecal
- Epidural
- Intracardiac
- Intra-articular
- Intraperitoneal
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous

13. fig :- Angle of injections

14. 2. Inhalation
-Volatile liquids & gases are given by inhalation for
systemic action, e.g. general anaesthetics
-Absorption takes place from the vast surface
of alveoli - action is very rapid.
-When administration is discontinued the drug
diffuses back & is rapidly eliminated in expired air.

15. 3. Topical
-Topical administration is the application of a drug
directly to the surface of the skin.
-Includes administration of drugs to any mucous
membrane.
- eye
- Nose
- ears
- lungs
- vagina
- urethra
- colon

17. Thank
you