The document outlines the process of summarizing IP routes for the given address ranges (172.16.0.0/16 to 172.19.0.0/16) by converting octets into binary and identifying unchanged bits. It demonstrates the conversion of binary values back to decimal, resulting in a summary route of 172.16.0.0 with a subnet mask of 255.252.0.0 or alternatively, 172.16.0.0/14. The work is prepared by MD. Jamal Hossain from the Department of Computer Science & Engineering.

1. Route
Summarization

2. Notice the following routes
 172.16.0.0/16
 172.17.0.0/16
 172.18.0.0/16
 172.19.0.0/16

3. Convert the changed octet into binary
 172.16.0.0/16
 172.17.0.0/16
 172.18.0.0/16
 172.19.0.0/16
 16 – 00010000
 17 – 00010001
 18 – 00010010
 19 – 00010011

4. Notice how many bits are unchanged
 16 – 000100 00
 17 – 000100 01
 18 – 000100 10
 19 – 000100 11

5. Convert the changed bits into 0s
 16 – 000100 00
 17 – 000100 01
 18 – 000100 10
 19 – 000100 11
 000100 00
 000100 00
 000100 00
 000100 00

6. Convert the binary value into decimal
 000100 00
 000100 00
 000100 00
 000100 00
16

7. IP address of summary route
 172.16.0.0/16
 172.17.0.0/16
 172.18.0.0/16
 172.19.0.0/16
172.16.0.0

8. Convert the unchanged bits into 1s &
Convert the changed bits into 0s
 16 – 000100 00
 17 – 000100 01
 18 – 000100 10
 19 – 000100 11
 111111 00
 111111 00
 111111 00
 111111 00

9. Convert the binary value into decimal
 111111 00
 111111 00
 111111 00
 111111 00
252

10. Subnet mask of summary route
 172.16.0.0/16
 172.17.0.0/16
 172.18.0.0/16
 172.19.0.0/16
255.252.0.0

11. The summary route
 172.16.0.0/16
 172.17.0.0/16
 172.18.0.0/16
 172.19.0.0/16
172.16.0.0
255.252.0.0
or,
172.16.0.0/14

12. Thank You
Prepared by
Md. Jamal Hossain
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering (SUB)
CCNA Routing & Switching (BUET)
Redhat Certified System Administrator (CSL)
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Email: jamalhossain.cse@gmail.com
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