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An amine absorber tower at a gas plant in Romeoville, Illinois catastrophically failed on July 23, 1984, causing an explosion and fire. The failure was caused by cracks that initiated from sulphide stress corrosion cracking and propagated via stress-oriented hydrogen induced cracking in the heat-affected zone of a repair weld. Key factors included hydrogen embrittlement weakening the steel, high hardness in the weld area from lack of post-weld heat treatment, and reduced firewater pressure after damage from the explosion. Lessons included avoiding hard microstructures during welding of hydrogen-containing systems and recommending post-weld heat treatment for all equipment in MEA service.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 2. INCIDENT TITTLE AMINE ABSORBSER CATASTROPIC FAILURE INCIDENT TYPE EXPLOSION AND FIRE DATE 23TH JULY 1984 COUNTRY USA LOCATION ROMEOVILLE,IL
- 3. INCIDENT DESCRIPTION • An operator working near an LPG amine absorber tower at the Unsaturated Gas Plant (USGP) of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) noticed gas escaping from a horizontal crack about 150 mm (6") long at a circumferential weld near the bottom of the vessel and tried to close the main inlet valve. While closing the valve, he noticed the leak rate increasing and immediately initiated evacuation of the area. As the firefighters arrived, the crack propagated rapidly and a large amount of propane/butane was released which ignited and resulted in a massive explosion. The upper 14 m (46 ft) section of the vessel was propelled 1 km (0.6 miles) away where it struck and toppled a 138 kV power transmission tower. The loss of electrical power rendered an electric motor-driven firewater pump inoperable. A fire hydrant barrel was sheared off, causing a further reduction in firewater pressure from the 2 diesel engine-driven firewater pumps that were still operating.
- 4. The role of the absorber was to remove hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from a mixed LPG stream by counter-current contacting with a monoethanol amine (MEA) solution at approximately 38 oC (100 oF) and 13.8 barg (200 psig). The vessel was fabricated from killed carbon steel plate (ASTM A516 Gr.70) to the relevant design codes and had been in service since 1970. It was inspected at 2 year intervals. The second course (ring section) of the vessel (above the feed inlet nozzle) had been replaced in 1974 due to hydrogen blistering and an internal monel liner had been added to the bottom head and first course (below the feed inlet nozzle) in 1976 to reduce corrosion.
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- 6. LESSONS LEARNED 1.Weld procedures should be designed to avoid formation of high hardness microstructures in steels for service in hydrogen-containing environments. 2.PWHT is recommended for all equipment and piping in MEA service regardless of service temperature,
- 7. THANK YOU