In American Renewal by, Steven Hook, “the first requirement of intelligence is timely delivery of relevant information to decision makers. To accomplish this mission decision makers must understand how intelligence works, take responsibility for investing in it, and share their strategies and tactics, specifies what they need and when. For its part to assist in going advantages over adversaries, intelligence has to focus on delivering enough information for the decision, not necessarily comprehensive knowledge”. The prime task assigned to CIA was to preserve the American interest and keep a sharp eye on its rivals. During cold war the greatest threat to American interest was from USSR and pro-communist states in the world. CIA carried out its clandestine services using different strategies. Assuming a power of influence in making policies according to its will, its role changed gradually from the traditional espionage activities. The conundrum of its covert operations at some time thought harmful for the state. Its transformation into a paramilitary force likely after 9/11 was also a matter of great concern. Using the advanced and bold technology CIA can operate in every state of the world. Everything beyond limitations is just devastating. The unveiled stories about CIA during the cold war era and after 9/11 gave a clue about the influential role in shaping foreign policy. Mostly during the Democrats regime the influence of CIA and Pentagon have less influence in policy making than that of the republican regime. Along with traditional espionage CIA also operated covert actions from the beginning. From regime change to targeted manhunt and military operations CIA became quite controversial at every level. Some previous CIA officials say its function is to violate the laws of other states to gain intelligence. It shows that CIA has no moral grounds and gave no worth to any law. It even violates its own domestic law about torturing the suspected criminals. Its influence in domestic politics and FP in a democratic superpower is unjustified. The infiltration and intrusion within other states may escalate and prolong the crisis. The role of CIA in fighting war on terror and establishing peace at global level is considerable. The exploit of the policy makers by manipulating information also a concerning issue. In Pakistan the infiltration of CIA operatives had been increased to a considerable level. It may also influence the domestic issues of Pakistan through different means. The infusion of these operatives should be refined and under the counter surveillance of Pakistani spy agency. CIA will remain quite active in Pakistan due to its geographic position and changing interest of great powers as Obama’s pivot to Asia policy. China’s surveillance also a factor for CIA to remain active in Pakistan as it may pose a threat to the American might in near future.

1.  

3.  Collection, Analysis and use of Information
against aggressive adversaries.
 William J. Donovan => July, 1941 => Office
of Coordination of Information.
 President Harry Truman => ‘National
Security Act 1947’.
 The prime function is to collect information to
secure their national interest. To protect
the Americans and their interest around the
world.

4. After involvement
of USA in 2nd
World War, OCI
transformed into
‘Office of Strategic
Studies’ headed
by William
Donovan and
carried out
retaliatory action
against the
Pearl Harbor,
Dec 7,1941

5. Directorate of
Intelligence:
CIA has been separated into four
functionary elements:
Refinement of incomplete
information regarding
security.
National Clandestine Service:
National authority for
coordination among American
convert operations.
CIA
Directorate of Science
and Technology:
Intelligence problems
solved with bold
technology.
Director of Support:
provides everything
the agency needs.

6.  During the cold war era CIA was playing a
pivotal role in gathering information to frame
policies against any aggression against
United State of America.
 CIA carried out the surveillance of Soviet
Union and other pro-communist states
around the globe.
 Fidal Castro; Cuban communist(Marxist)
politician.
Cuba; PM (1959-1976), President (1976-
2008)

7.  The vicissitude strategies of CIA during the cold war
made it more viable and influential.
The Cuban Missile crisis also has
strings linked with CIA. The spy
agency is blamed for its involvement
in the covert action against Fidel
Castro a pro-communist leader of
Cuba.
The directorate of operations even not
consulted directorate of intelligence regarding

8.  The primary task for CIA was to contain the spread of
Communism around the globe and the military activism
of Soviet Union.
CIA send reconnaissance balloons
equipped with cameras fifty
thousand feet over the Soviet
Union and communist China,
hoping that some would drift to the
other side of the country and bring
back photos of military
installations or factories.

11.  CIA was blamed for inadequate intelligence collection
regarding security threats to USA.
 Before 9/11 the American foreign policy was mainly
constituted by the state department, making alliances,
cooperation and counterterrorism. It changed after the
incident of 9/11 as many other agencies had been
involved in making policy input to high level policy
making authorities.
 The director of CIA was becoming a head of
paramilitary force carrying different operation to kill the
Al-Qaida affiliates.
 Armed drones started attacks in Afghanistan in
February 2002.
Reminded the
devastations of
Pearl Harbor

15.  CIA is independent from its formal authorities
and achieves its goals around the globe through
different channels and influential means. The
level of independency and unaccountability is
harmful for future peace makers.
 For future peace and democracy in spirit, the
role of agencies should be constrained. It must
be accountable to the democratic government.

16.  Pakistan faced a stark choice, either it with us or it is not.
So, Pak declared herself frontline ally with US in
combating Terrorism. United States caused “deep
introspection” in Islamabad.
 Terrorist groups fled in Tribal Areas of Pakistan, Which
infiltrated large no: of officials to targeted
manhunt(allowed in CIA)
‘The Way of The Knife’ that “the CIA director was now a military
commander running a clandestine global war.
Tenet began to bulk up the CIA’s paramilitary teams in
Afghanistan, and he sold the White House on a program to
capture terrorist, hide them in secret jails, and subject them to an
Orwellian regiment of brutal interrogation methods”
–Robert Mazzeti

17.  The American SEALs got Bin-
Laden in Abbottabad during a
raid on a suspecting compound
after long time of surveillance.
 The Pakistani armed and
civilian authorities instead of
taking the matter as the
violation of our sovereignty
congratulated them for a
successful operation.
The sole operation inside the territory of
Pakistan shows the level of submissive behavior
and dependency upon USA by Pakistan.

18. Davis was assigned to
collect information about
Lashkar-e-Tayabba, their
operational activities etc.
After killing two innocent
Pakistani’s in Lahore he
was treated as a
diplomat and CIA didn’t
accepted his affiliation
with it.
CIA Agent consulate in
Lahore

20. “Leon Panetta (Dir. CIA) cut
Cameron Munter (Ambassador
and Head of Terrorism mission
in Pakistan) off midsentence,
telling that the CIA had the
authority to do what it wanted
in Pakistan. It don’t need to get
the ambassador’s approval for
anything, I don’t work for you. “
This shows the level of accountability and sole power of CIA
to control these operations inside Pakistan.

22.  The unveiled stories about CIA during the cold war era and
after 9/11 gave a clue about the influential role in shaping
foreign policy.
 Along with traditional espionage CIA also operated covert
actions from the beginning. From regime change to targeted
manhunt and military operations CIA became quite
controversial at every level.
 Some previous CIA officials say its function is to violate the
laws of other states to gain intelligence. It shows that CIA has
no moral grounds and gave no worth to any law. It even
violates its own domestic law about torturing the suspected
criminals.
 Its influence in domestic politics and FP in a democratic
superpower is unjustified.

23.  Agencies should have some restraints and should abide
by laws domestically or internationally.
 Throughout its history, CIA was blamed several times
interfering in other countries covertly. It also involved in
domestic issues.
 After 9/11 its operational functions had been changed
mostly to paramilitary operation force.