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MODELING
CATASTROPHE RISK
Hemant Shah
Co-Founder and CEO, Risk Management Solutions
Philippe Stephan, CTO

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
PERKINS COIE
PALO ALTO,
CALIFORNIA

3150 Porter Drive
Palo Alto, CA

Soil
Class Soil: Soft Rock to Stiff
4
3
2

Soil (2.5)
Liquefaction: Very Low
Landslide: Very Low
DTC 4.2 Miles SaAN

100%

Loss (% structure value)

RMS 3 (Reinforced
Concrete)
2 stories, built 1966
Approx. 35,000 ft2

10%

1%
time-dependent
time-independent
0%

10

100

1,000

1-in-X Probability

1
©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Earthquake Risk @ Perkins Coie

Confidential

10,000
Hemant and Weimin with Version 1.0, 1989

Photo from RLI Annual Report, 1990
OUR HISTORY

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
Growing Sophistication of Models…
1,000,000

RiskLink 13
500,000+ diskettes

100,000

10,000
1,000
100

IRAS v1.0
17 diskettes

10
1

I989

2014
WORLDWIDE CATASTROPHE RISK MANAGEMENT – RMS MODEL COVERAGE
Earthquake

Tropical Cyclone

Windstorm
Severe Convective
Storm
Winter Storm

Flood

Terrorism

Pandemic

Longevity

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
RISK
MANAGEMENT
SOLUTIONS

World’s Leading Catastrophe Modeling Firm
1,300 Employees

Hundreds of Clients in the Global Risk Market
Subscription Revenue Business Model
Individual Client Revenues from $100K - $10MM/Year
Models Used to Price, Structure and Underwrite Risk;
Assess and Manage Capital;
and Define Mitigation Strategies

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
Stochastic
Event Module

Hazard
Module

Exposure
Module

Vulnerability
Module

Financial
Analysis
Module
SIMULATING PANEUROPE FLOOD
HIGH-RES OFF AND ON
FLOODPLAIN

CORRELATION
ACROSS 13
COUNTRIES
Terrorist Attack Scenario

A Risk Map
Exceedance Probability

4.0%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0%
$200M

$400M

$600M
Loss (USD)

$800M

$1B
KEY APPLICATIONS
PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT

UNDERWRITING

RISK TRANSFER



Establish guidelines



Determine risk drivers



Determine reinsurance needs



Differentiate risks



Evaluate capital adequacy



Structure risk transfer



Analyze policy structures



Allocate capital



Counterparty communication



Develop pricing



Estimate losses

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
Portfolio Management
DYNAMIC PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

New Quoted Total
New Quoted Forecast

Capacity

Bound
Expected Renewal
In-Force
Time
©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
Drill down into your book

View a multitude
of metrics all in
one place
Interact with multiple EP curves

Investigate the drivers of change
Risk Transfer | Cat Bonds
©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
1.7%
ATTACHMENT
PROBABILITY

8½ft
AT THE BATTERY.
AS SIMPLE AS THAT.
CASE STUDY:
METROCAT RE
2013-1

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
“

The innovative non-traditional
structure allowed MTA to close it’s
storm surge insurance gap
Non-traditional deal of the year
Bond Buyer magazine
METRO CAT
BOND IN THE
NEWS

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
Supply Chain Risk
Tohoku Earthquake 2011
caused supply disruption
Major damage: Renesas
(40% market share of MCU)

GLOBAL
SUPPLY CHAIN

Explosion in Germany 2012
caused supply disruption
Evonik damaged
50% market share of
Cyclododecatriene(CDT)

Thailand Flood 2011
caused supply disruption
Major production hub is damaged
(25% of computer hard drives in the world)
Material Suppliers

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Hurricane Sandy
2012
caused disruption of
distribution centers

Confidential

Parts Suppliers

Facility

Distributions
EXAMPLE
SUPPLY-CHAIN
NETWORK
IN
AUTO INDUSTRY

High Tech Parts

Severe damage in
Tohoku area

Domestic
Distribution

Gears
Engine
Assembling

Global
Distribution

Metal Forging

Transmission
Suppliers (Parts)
©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential

Suppliers (Parts)

Facility

Distributions
Network Topology and
Conceptual Model

EXAMPLE
SUPPLY-CHAIN
NETWORK

Analytical Model

Loss Model
CBI Simulation
Engine

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
THE TECHNOLOGY SIDE

Hive talk
February 5th, 2014
Philippe Stephan, CTO

©2013 Risk Management Solutions, Inc.

Confidential
Key questions users ask
How much for this risk?
How is my portfolio?
What if something changed?
How we get to answers
Event
D,σ

$
Damage
Location

T&C

Event
Intensity

Contract
Events are compile-time objects
Scale
In : 1 portfolio ≡ 1Gb of client data
Out: 1 model run ≡ 5T (* 8bytes) = 40Tb
50K events
100K locations
1K damage samples
=> Big Re. co: 5K portfolio ≡ 200Pb
Complexity
Non additivity of risk
Multiple what-ifs

Regulatory framework (keep, encrypt, audit)
100%

CPU versus memory access

90%

% time in MEX

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

0:00:00

0:07:12

0:14:24

0:21:36

0:28:48

MEX/BI Workflow Duration (mins)

0:36:00

0:43:12

0:50:24
0.700

… only realizable in the cloud

0.650

0.600

Exceedance Probability

0.550
0.500
0.450
0.400
0.350
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.050
-

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000
Max Cores

45,000

50,000

55,000

60,000
Our stack
What’s next for RMS(one)
A reference database of subjects at risk
An extensible exposure mgt system
An ecosystem of models
A generic risk exploration system
A communication platform
Hi from the RMS Sr. Management Team

37
Rms

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Rms

Editor's Notes

  1. Soil map area is about 5 miles E-W by 4.6 N-SDistance to faults: 4.2 miles to the San Andreas (SW)2 miles to Monte Vista-Shannon fault (SW). This one is a little dubious as to its activity level, however, so best to focus on SAFZ.15 miles to Hayward (NE)Area of better soils to the southeast on the map are the low hills near their office. Site photo from http://www.loopnet.com/Attachments/A/4/B/xy_A4B5D2D4-F087-416C-97CC-36E653530874__.jpg
  2. RMS catastrophe models incorporate the latest science, over 20 years of dedicated catastrophe risk research and development, and partnerships with local institutions and leading regional experts. Catastrophe events are generated using RMS supercomputers and advanced numerical modeling on global simulation platforms.We are committed to providing our clients with the best level of product support and client service. RMS clients have access to a wide array of resources and expertise, from dedicated account representatives, to scientific and technical experts, to unparalleled training and documentation.
  3. Navigating the Risk Landscape for Over 20 Years
  4. Europe flood is one of the first models that will showcase the benefits of HD-simulation. This video a simulation of the weather over Europe over the course of several days. Blue colors indicate areas of high rainfall.Flood modeling at high-resolution, on such a large scale is not possible on any of todays platforms. The RMS europe flood model will cover 13 countries, on a single event set, allowing you to assess correlation between risks that are far away from each other. This matters, because of the length of the european rivers, which can flow through multiple countries. By starting with rainfall, and modeling how that rainfall transforms to runoff and moves across the landscape, including the impacts of topography, soil type, temperature, season, evaporation, allows us to model the probability of flooding from rivers as well as flash floods, and the impact of snowfall and snowmelt, in summer and in winter, and account for potential clustering of events when the jet stream gets locked in place.The model can be used for both portfolio management and underwriting individual risks. With the time-based simulation, you can model important policies such as the hours clause, properly, by defining your own time windows relative to the event losses through time.
  5. Underwriting: Field offices enter exposure data and review account analysis using RiskBrowser web interface. Underwriter investigates available capacity and prices risk. Central database is updated with exposure and account level results.Portfolio Management: Using RiskLink, home office performs analysis of portfolio exposure to identify key accumulations, allocate capacity, determine reinsurance needs, and benchmark risk against capital requirements.Risk Transfer: Brokers work with home office to structure reinsurance program and prepare exposure data. Reinsurers use RiskLink to price risk using detailed or aggregated exposure data and industry benchmarks.
  6. Dynamic portfolio management – A Key aspect of RMS(one)
  7. Drill down into your book in real time by region, line of business, legal entity, and other customizable hierarchiesView a multitude of metrics (including exposure, modeled losses, profitability indicators, benchmarks, and capacity utilization) all in one place and investigate key drivers of risk and change
  8. Interact with multiple EP (exceedance probability) curves to gain intuition around the events and contracts that drive different parts of the curve for a given portfolio and the associated sensitivitiesCompare EP curves and investigate the drivers of change between different points in time
  9. Propose changing the format of this case study section – frame it as Problem & SolutionThis is the problem slideBadly hit in sandy (the image should say this)Problem criteria wereNeed Efficient cover, having failed to find capacity in the reinsurance marketSimple index in order that investors could take the risk without having to underwrite the complex portfolioSpeed of settlement (need a third one – any better ideas?!)
  10. Metrocat triggered by simple coastal flood measurements at tide gauges in the NYC area. A very simple trigger, but required the most advanced coastal flood modelling to make this possible.
  11. MTA found that capacity dried up in the reinsurance market after sandy. They needed an efficient way to access capital, and found the ILS market ready to step in, using a parametric index. The deal won the Bond Buyer Magazine non-traditional deal of the year.
  12. Navigating the Risk Landscape for Over 20 Years
  13. Cyclododecatriene (CDT) is a key component in a nylon resin called PA12, which is used to make a specialized plastic.The plastic is used in auto fuel lines and brake lines. It is also a component in solar cell, pipelines, sporting good and household items.Evonik accounts for about 50 percent of the world’s CDT production, which estimated 40% of the world's PA12 capacityhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/17/pa12-resin-shortage-auto-car-production_n_1430884.htmlCyclododecatriene (CDT) is a key component in a nylon resin called PA12, which is used to make a specialized plastic.The plastic is used in auto fuel lines and brake lines. It is also a component in solar cell, pipelines, sporting good and household items.PA12 has been in short supply for about two years, as demand from the solar industry increased. The Evonik incident will worsen the shortage, which could hit every major automaker, Sharland said, executive director of the Automotive Industry Action Group.http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-16/ube-says-it-s-receiving-resin-queries-after-evonik-blastEvonik, which is weighing an initial public offering of its stock by July 1, accounts for about 50 percent of the world’s CDT production, Ube’s Sumiyoshi said. The PA-11 resin can be used as a partial substitute for PA-12, Sumiyoshi said.http://www.icis.com/Articles/2012/04/30/9554265/news-focus-producers-scramble-to-provide-polyamide-12-alternatives-for-auto.htmlThe blast at Evonik Industries' cyclododecatriene (CDT) plant in Marl, Germany, has taken out an estimated 40% of the world's nylon 12 (also known as polyamide 12, or PA-12) capacity, leaving automotive customers scrambling to find alternatives. Now producers of polyamides are working with automakers to fill the void with alternatives.