During the late 19th century, industrialization accelerated in the United States due to abundant natural resources, available labor from immigration, and supportive government policies. New technologies like the railroad and innovations in communications, manufacturing, and transportation by inventors such as Edison, Bell, and Westinghouse drove industrial growth and transformed the nation and world. Over 14 million immigrants arrived between 1861 and 1900, mostly from Northern Europe, providing new workers for factories.

1. Rise of Industry Industrialization Takes Hold

2. Causes for Industrial Growth Abundant resouces Available labor Government policies Advances in technology

4. Total number of immigrants between 1861 and 1900 was 14 million Northern European Immigration 1861 – 1870 2,065,000 1871 – 1880 2,272,000 1881 – 1890 4,737,000 1891 – 1900 3,559,000

5. How Each Technology Accelerated the Growth of Industry

6. Contribution of the Railroad in the Growth of Industry

7. Innovator/ Entrepreneur General Industry involed Contribution of Innovator/ Entr. to Industry Impact of the Contribution to the Nation/ World C. Latham Sholes Communications Typewriter Made it easier for businesses and individuals to send letters and to communicate with one another Alexander Graham Bell Communication Telephone Allowed businesses and individuals at a distance to communicate instantaneously Thomas Alvin Edison Communcations/ electric power Phonograph and improvements on other inventions Improved communications technology dramatically, improvements in incandescent lighting allowed the world to light its cities and made production possible twenty-four hours a day

8. Innovator/ Entrepreneur General Industry involed Contribution of Innovator/ Entr. to Industry Impact of the Contribution to the Nation/ World Food processing Better canning techniques People no longer had to rely on only fresh food products food products could be stored on shelves Textile Northrup automatic loom More cloth was available to make clothes and other items Cornelius Vanderbilt Railroad Consolidated railroad lines, improved technology, standardized equipment Made railroad operations more efficient, reduced freight costs, opened up country to travel George Westinghouse Railroads airbrake Made longer trains and heavier loads possible