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RIoT.org RTI Lunch & Learn: The IIC Connectivity Framework
This document provides an overview of connectivity technologies for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. It discusses various connectivity frameworks like Data Distribution Service (DDS), OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), and oneM2M. It also covers different transport protocols like HTTP, MQTT, and CoAP. The document examines factors to consider when selecting a connectivity standard, and provides guidance on when to choose DDS, OPC UA, or oneM2M based on the characteristics and requirements of the application.
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RIoT.org RTI Lunch & Learn: The IIC Connectivity Framework
- 1. Avoid Choosing theWrong Connectivity for Your IoT Application John Breitenbach Field Applications Engineering Manager Real-Time Innovations, Inc. ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 2. The Industrial IoTis Smart Machine Infrastructure ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT)
- 3. ©2020 Real-Time Innovations,Inc. Education Colleges & Universities Conferences & Workshops Laboritories Publication Schools Trade Schools Aerospace & Defense Air Force Arrmy Aviation Home Land Security Military Navy Space Flight Agriculture Farming Fishing Forestry Hydrology Life Sciences Ranching Weather Buildings & Facilities Apartments Building & Construction Building Maintenance Building Security Commercial Buildings Construction Engineering Home Housing Authorities HVAC Office Real Estate Consumer & Home Automotive Commercial Cooking Consumer Products Day Care Elder Care Entertainment Food and Beverage Food Trucks Grocery Home Products Hospitality Pet Care Pharmacies Photography Recreation Services Restaurants Sporting Events Street Vendors Tourism Travel Energy & Utilities Chemicals Electric Mining Oil & Gas Petro-Chemicals Power Renewable Sewer Water Environment Air Pollution Control Biodiversity Eco-construction Environmental Monitoring & Instrumentation Environmental Research & Development Heat & Energy Saving and Management Metrology Nature Protection Noise & Vibration Control Oceanography Recycled Materials Remediation & Clean Up of Soil & Groundwater Renewable Energy Production Waste Management & Recycling Waste Water Treatment Water Supply Finance & Banking Accounting Systems ATM Systems Credit Card Systems Point of Sales Retail Banking Public Sector City Civil Administration Disaster Prevention Education Emergency & Crisis Response Environment Fire Law Enforcement & Police Municipalities & Counties Public Safety Public Security Surveillance Transportation Waste Management Water Healthcare Assisted Care Clinical Trials Connected Medical Devices Continuous Patient Monitoring Dentistry Disease Diagnosis Home Healthcare Hospitals Life Sciences Medical Offices Medical Therapy Pharma Pharmacies Media & Communication Cable Providers Computers Entertainment Global Media Phones Satellite TV Telecommunications Carriers Televisions Video Recorders Wireless Services Manufacturing Apparel Beverage & Tobacco Product Chemicals Computer & Electronic Products Electrical Equipment & Components Fabricated Metal Products Factory Food Furniture & Related Products Industrial Automation Leather & Allied Products Machinery Nonmetallic Mineral Products Paper Petroleum & Coal Plastics & Rubber Products Primary Metal Manufacturing Printing & Related Support Activities Textile Mills Textiles Transportation Equipment Wood Products Mining & Metals Aluminum Coal Diamonds & Gemstones General Mining Gold Iron & Steel Nonferrous Metals Platinum & Precious Metals Near Space & New Space Closed Loop Ecological Systems Closed Loop Living Systems Constellation Controllers Consumer Traffic Analytics Ecological Planning Environmental Monitoring Hyper-Local Agriculture Hyper-Local Construction Hyper-Spectral Imaging In-Flight Satelite Servicing On-Site Materials Analytics and Inventory On-Site Materials Optimization Parametric City Planning Parametric Construction Planning Remote Maintenance and Diagnostics Space Based Planning Weather Pattern Analytics Transportation Aeronautics Airport Cargo Handling Cruise Industry Fleet Management Freight Management Logistics Mobility Pipelines Postal & Delivery Services Public Transportation Rail Roads Shipping Traffic Infrastructure Transportation Trucking Vehicle Wholesale & Distribution Retail Apparel Retailers Broadline Retailers Drug Retailers Food Retailers & Wholesalers Home Improvement Retailers Specialized Consumer Services Specialty Retailers The IIoT will have a multi-trillion-dollar impact across all industries ©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 4. The Industrial IoTDisruption ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries
- 5. THIS SLIDE ISFOR REFERENCE AND MARKETING’S USE ONLY. DELETE AFTER READING. • Hundreds of device types • 1,000+ patients • 200,000+ devices • Wired/wireless/ISM • WAN/LAN • Moving patients • Real-time video and waveforms • 100% uptime • Security ENABLE IIoT STRATEGY
- 6. Agenda • Intro tothe IIC Connectivity Framework • Levels of interoperability • Frameworks, transports, and protocols • Choosing a standard (in theory…) • Choosng a standard (in practice!) ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 7. How Can WeBuild IIoT Systems? IIoT Architecture ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 8. Industrial Internet Consortium:270+ Companies, 3 IIC Founding and Contributing Members The World’s Largest IoT Consortium The IIC created the IIoT market
- 9. The Industrial InternetConnectivity Framework • The industry’s only detailed analysis of IIoT Connectivity Technologies • Architecture • Assessment • Standards –DDS –OPC UA –OneM2M –HTTP –MQTT –CoAP • Examples & selection guidance • Years of work by many architects across industries, standards, & technologies ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 10. IICF Goals ©2020 Real-TimeInnovations, Inc. Clarity GuidanceFoundation Guide map to the rich but often confusing landscape of IIoT connectivity Useful, practical, tangible guidance for requirements assessment, technology evaluation and selection Sets a stable long term foundation for IIoT interoperability
- 11. Levels of Interoperability ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Shared data context Shared data structure Shared opaque data http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_interoperability
- 12. Technical Interoperability Example… ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Messages Share opaque data (byte sequences)
- 13. Syntactic Interoperability ©2020 Real-TimeInnovations, Inc. Messages Data (State, Events, Streams) TempType value units id Share structured datatypes
- 14. Semantic Interoperability Example… ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Messages Data (State, Events, Streams) Information (Data in Context) TempType Room value 72.4 units DEGREES_F id 202 TempType Patient value 37.1 units DEGREES_C id Breitenbach ? Share data-objects in context
- 15. Evolution of theIIoT Connectivity Stack ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 7-Layer OSI Stack Model (1994) 4-Layer Internet Stack Model (1989) Industrial IoT (2014) Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network IIoT Connectivity Stack Model (2017)
- 16. IIoT Connectivity StackModel ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Connectivity Information Networking IICF Focus Information (Data in Context) Participant X Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network Participant Y Data (State, Events, Streams) Messages Packets Frames Bits Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network Technical Interoperability (bytes) Syntactic Interoperability (data structures) Semantic Interoperability (data context)
- 17. Connectivity Transport Layer ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. • Above: Technical Interoperability –Share byte sequences –Opaque data • Below: Byte protocol –May observe byte flows & optimize byte sequence sharing and delivery • Any computing platform Information (Data in Context) Participant X Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network Participant Y Data (State, Events, Streams) Messages Packets Frames Bits Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network
- 18. Connectivity Transport Layer ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Transport Link Distributed Data Interoperability & Management Framework Connectivity Transport Functions Physical Network Messaging Protocol Endpoint Addressing Connectedness Prioritization Timing & Synchronization Security Communication Modes Technical Interoperability
- 19. Connectivity Framework Layer ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. • Above: Syntactic Interoperability –Share structured datatypes –Common and unambiguous data format • Below: Opaque Data –May observe data flows & optimize datatype sharing and delivery • Any computing platform • Any programming environment Information (Data in Context) Participant X Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network Participant Y Data (State, Events, Streams) Messages Packets Frames Bits Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network
- 20. Connectivity Framework Layer ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Transport Link Distributed Data Interoperability & Management Framework Quality of Service Security Publish-Subscribe Request-Reply Discovery Data Resource Model Id and Addressing Data Type System Lifecycle (CRUD) Exception Handling State Management Connectivity Framework Functions Physical Network API Governance Syntactic Interoperability
- 21. Fundamental N2 ConnectivityChallenge ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Reality Check Accept that there will be multiple connectivity technologies • Brownfield • Existing technologies • May be specific to verticals • Greenfield • Innovation O(N2)
- 22. Connectivity Core StandardsArchitecture ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. • Connectivity Core Standards –Provide syntactic interoperability –Stable, deployed, open standard –Standard Core Gateways to all other CCS • Domain-Specific Connectivity Technologies –Connect via non-standard gateway to any connectivity core standard Few Core Standards Standard Core Gateways Many domain technologies
- 23. Selecting the rightconnectivity technology Assessment Template Worksheets Core Connectivity Standards ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 24. Assessment Template ©2020 Real-TimeInnovations, Inc. • Which layers(s) of the Connectivity Stack does it provide? • What Core Functions does it provide? • How does it rank against the Typical Considerations (of the layers spanned) ? • How does it impact system Architectural Qualities? • Does it fit Connectivity Core Standard Criteria? Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network
- 25. Assessment Template Worksheets ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 26. IICF Catalog ofConnectivity Standards! ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. • Frameworks • DDS • OPC-UA • oneM2M • Transports • HTTP • MQTT • CoAP Assessment Template Worksheets
- 27. Connectivity Standards ©2020 Real-TimeInnovations, Inc. Manufacturing Origin TSN / Ethernet (802.1, 802.3) DDS Wireless PAN (802.15) Wireless 2G/3G/LTE (3GPP) Wireless LAN (802.11 Wi- Fi) Internet Protocol (IP) CoAP MQTT Web Services Wireless Wide Area (802.16) HTTPDDSI-RTPS oneM2M OPC-UA OPC-UA Bin Telecommunications Origin UDP TCPTCP Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical Network Healthcare TransportationManufacturing… … Energy & Utilities
- 28. Core Connectivity Frameworks ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 29. IICF Architecture Process ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Use assessment template worksheet to determine your system requirements Pick the potential connectivity core standard best aligned with your system requirements Build a gateway for other domain- specific connectivity technologies Manufacturing Origin TS N / Eth ern et (80 2.1 , 80 2.3 ) DDS Wi rel es s PA N (8 02. 15 ) Wire less 2G/3 G/LT E (3GP P) Wi rel es s LA N (8 02. 11 Wi - Fi) Internet Protocol (IP) C o A P M Q T T We b Ser vic es Wi rel es s Wi de Ar ea (80 2.1 6) HTTP DDSI-RTPS oneM2M OPC-UA OPC -UA Bin Telecommunicati ons Origin UDP TCP T C P Transport Link Framework Distributed Data Interoperability and Management Physical N e t w o r k Healthcare Transportatio n Manufacturin g … … Energy & Utilities
- 30. Choosing a ConnectivityStandard ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 31. IIoT Connectivity Perception ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. B CA X Your application: Choose A or B or C Requirement 1, e.g. latency Requirement2,e.g.fan-out
- 32. IIoT Connectivity Reality ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. B CA X Clearly A Clearly B Interstellar space Your application: Choose B; it’s the best you’ll get Requirement 1, e.g. latency Requirement2,e.g.fan-out
- 33. How to Choose? ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. System Aspect Example User Approach Standard Software Integration & Autonomy Software Architect integrating components Data-centric DDS Device interchangeability Device manufacturer selling devices to technicians Device- centric OPC-UA Web & Mobile User I/F App builder supporting back-end services RESTful Web services/HTTP ICT integration Wide-area wireless telecom integrator Common services layer oneM2M
- 34. DDS is Different! ©2020Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Data-Centric DDS Shared Data Model DataBus Point-to-Point TCP Sockets Client/Server MQTT XMPP OPC CORBA Brokered ESB Daemon Publish/Subscribe Fieldbus CANbus ZeroMQ JMS Queuing AMQP Active MQ
- 35. Systems are Aboutthe Data ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Data Centricity Definition a) The interface is the data. b) The infrastructure understands that data. c) The system manages the data and imposes rules on how applications exchange data. Database Databus Data centric storage and search of old data Application Application Message centric Remote Objects SOAs Application Application Data Data centric sharing and filtering of future data
- 36. Choose DDS? • Arethere severe consequences if offline for a few mins/secs/msecs? • Have you said “millisecond” or “microsecond” in the last 2 weeks? • Do you have more than 10 programmers? • Does your data have many destinations? • Are you building a next-generation IIoT design? ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 3+ Yes?
- 37. OPC UA • Device-CentricObject-Oriented Framework –Device models for common devices –Integrate devices into workcells –Client-server architecture –Browseable address space –New simple UDP pub-sub ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Motor Starter 01 Configuration Control Function Local Operation Multifunction Input DI0 ParameterSet Motor Parameters Motor Current Low Motor Current High Service Info Number of Starts Motor Starter 01 Parameter Set Control Function Local Operation Configuration Multifunction Input DIO Motor Current Low Motor Current High Number of Starts Motor Current Low Motor Current High Service Info Address Space
- 38. Choose OPC UA? •Are you in discrete manufacturing? • Are you building a device that will be integrated by non-software types? • Will your product be used in different applications in different systems, as opposed to a single type of system where you control the architecture? • Have you said the word “workcell” in the last two weeks? ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 3+ Yes?
- 39. One M2M • CommonService Layer Architecture –Services provided by telco –Platform Tier (cloud) applications can seamlessly connect to diverse IoT devices over many protocols • Targets home automation, large mobile systems • Typical uses –Register and connect to devices and applications –Charge an account for service –Manage application and devices –Monitor systems ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 40. Choose OneM2M? • Doyou know what “ICT” stands for, and is that you? • Is the cellular network your primary connection technology? • Are your target applications largely composed of moving parts? • Can the components of your system tolerate intermittent connections and loosely-controlled latencies? • Will your system leverage services provided by a communications provider such as a telco? ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 3+ Yes?
- 41. MQTT: Collect DeviceData ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) Collect data from sensors MQTT does not qualify as a core connectivity standard because it has no standard type system
- 42. Choose MQTT? • Doyou think of your application as data collection? • Is there little device-device communications? • Is interoperability not a consideration? • Do you have many small devices? • Is software a minor challenge? ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 3+ Yes?
- 43. The Industrial IoTDisruption ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries You don’t compete against competitors. You compete against market transitions. – John Chambers
- 44. Get it! ©2020 Real-TimeInnovations, Inc. FREE 1. Introduction 2. Connectivity Framework 3. Connectivity Reference Architecture 4. Connectivity Framework Layer 5. Connectivity Transport Layer 6. How to Assess a Connectivity Technology? 7. Connectivity Standards 8. Core Connectivity Standards 9. Other Connectivity Standards 10. Assessment Templates https://www.iiconsortium.org/IICF.htm
- 45. Try a fullversion of Connext DDS for 30 days TRY CONNEXT AT RTI.COM/DOWNLOADS Includes resources to get you up and running fast ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 46. Stay Connected rti.com Free trialof Connext DDS @rti_software @rti_software rtisoftware rti.com/blog connextpodcast ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 47. Thank you! John Breitenbach johnb@rti.com LinkedIn:www.linkedin.com/in/atlantex ©2020 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.