The role of Panchayati Raj Members in nation building is immiscible. They are the representative of the people to form the local self government and run the administration. If these representatives would properly aware about their rights and responsibilities, no executive members will lack in delivering public services. In this article a humble effort has made by the researchers to know the status of the awareness of the PRI members in a scheduled district of Odisha i.e. Nabarangpur. Interview schedules, formal and informal interviews, focus group discussions were conducted in order to find the status. Both Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Shri Arun Kumar Tripathy | Miss Sandhyarani Padhy "Rights and Responsibilities of PRI Members in a Scheduled District of Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47818.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47818/rights-and-responsibilities-of-pri-members-in-a-scheduled-district-of-odisha/shri-arun-kumar-tripathy
Women’s Political Participation and Representation in the Panchayatspaperpublications3
Abstract: As we all know that today, how the women are facing the various problem in the functioning of panchayats. After getting the reservation in the panchayats, they are still depending on their husband or other male members of their family. So for knowing the status of women in the all level of panchayats in India, this paper which based on the secondary data is deal with the political participation and representation of the rural women in the panchayats in India. The theoretical perspective of the evolution of the panchayati raj system in India and the journey of the women in the local governance has also been explained in the study. The analysis of the required reservation for women in the all level of the panchayats in India, is also done in the study and some necessary steps for empowering the women in the panchayat level are also suggested.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF PANCHAYAT RAJ ON THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF H...IAEMEPublication
The Panchayati Raj in India generally refers to the system introduced by constitutional amendment in 1992, although it is based upon the traditional panchayat system of South Asia. The modern panchayati raj and its gram panchayats are not to be confused with the extra-constitutional khap panchayats (or caste panchayats) found in some parts of northern India. While the panchayati raj system was formalized in 1992, leading up to that change, a number of Indian committees studied various ways of implementing more decentralized administration.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF PANCHAYAT RAJ ON THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF H...IAEME Publication
The Panchayati Raj in India generally refers to the system introduced by constitutional amendment in 1992, although it is based upon the traditional panchayat system of South Asia. The modern panchayati raj and its gram panchayats are not to be confused with the extra-constitutional khap panchayats (or caste panchayats) found in some parts of northern India. While the panchayati raj system was formalized in 1992, leading up to that change, a number of Indian committees studied various ways of implementing more decentralized administration.
Rural local bodies and function Panchayati Raj System (PRIs)Anjum Afroz
Rural Local Bodies play vital role in Indian Democracy as it encompasses Mahatma Gandhi's Gram Swarajya concept and includes people of bottom of pyramid in Gram Sabha. A powerful governance can be expexcted by rejuvenating Panchayati Raj System in India.
Historical Background of the Municipalities of Bangladesh: An Analysisiosrjce
This paper attempts to focuses on the historical development of local government particularly the
growth of municipality and its administration in Bangladesh. Present arrangement of the local government is
the outcome of gradual evolution of several hundred years. The existence of local government in the Indian
subcontinent dates from approximately 1200 BC. But during the Mughal regime, an immense attention had been
paid to the growth of rural and urban local government institution. Local government in modern sense was,
however, started during the British period.
Women’s Political Participation and Representation in the Panchayatspaperpublications3
Abstract: As we all know that today, how the women are facing the various problem in the functioning of panchayats. After getting the reservation in the panchayats, they are still depending on their husband or other male members of their family. So for knowing the status of women in the all level of panchayats in India, this paper which based on the secondary data is deal with the political participation and representation of the rural women in the panchayats in India. The theoretical perspective of the evolution of the panchayati raj system in India and the journey of the women in the local governance has also been explained in the study. The analysis of the required reservation for women in the all level of the panchayats in India, is also done in the study and some necessary steps for empowering the women in the panchayat level are also suggested.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF PANCHAYAT RAJ ON THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF H...IAEMEPublication
The Panchayati Raj in India generally refers to the system introduced by constitutional amendment in 1992, although it is based upon the traditional panchayat system of South Asia. The modern panchayati raj and its gram panchayats are not to be confused with the extra-constitutional khap panchayats (or caste panchayats) found in some parts of northern India. While the panchayati raj system was formalized in 1992, leading up to that change, a number of Indian committees studied various ways of implementing more decentralized administration.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF PANCHAYAT RAJ ON THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF H...IAEME Publication
The Panchayati Raj in India generally refers to the system introduced by constitutional amendment in 1992, although it is based upon the traditional panchayat system of South Asia. The modern panchayati raj and its gram panchayats are not to be confused with the extra-constitutional khap panchayats (or caste panchayats) found in some parts of northern India. While the panchayati raj system was formalized in 1992, leading up to that change, a number of Indian committees studied various ways of implementing more decentralized administration.
Rural local bodies and function Panchayati Raj System (PRIs)Anjum Afroz
Rural Local Bodies play vital role in Indian Democracy as it encompasses Mahatma Gandhi's Gram Swarajya concept and includes people of bottom of pyramid in Gram Sabha. A powerful governance can be expexcted by rejuvenating Panchayati Raj System in India.
Historical Background of the Municipalities of Bangladesh: An Analysisiosrjce
This paper attempts to focuses on the historical development of local government particularly the
growth of municipality and its administration in Bangladesh. Present arrangement of the local government is
the outcome of gradual evolution of several hundred years. The existence of local government in the Indian
subcontinent dates from approximately 1200 BC. But during the Mughal regime, an immense attention had been
paid to the growth of rural and urban local government institution. Local government in modern sense was,
however, started during the British period.
Impact of PESA Act in Scheduled Areas A Case Study of Rayagada District of Od...ijtsrd
The 73rd and the 74th Amendments to the Indian Constitution passed in 1992 took the three tier Panchayati Raj governance structure to rural and urban parts of the country and came into force in April 1993. However, scheduled areas, predominantly inhabited by the tribal population, were exempted from the new amendments. Given low human development indicators, there was a huge demand to empower local governance in the scheduled area as well. Thus, the government of India constituted a committee in 1994 to look into the need for such law and modalities and how it can be extended. Chaired by Dilip Singh Bhuria, a parliamentarian from Madhya Pradesh, the committee highlighted the plight of the tribal communities and the exploitation they faced and submitted its recommendations in 1995. This Article is a study of that act in a fully scheduled district of Odisha, i.e., Rayagada. The paper examines whether the well intentioned PESA Act has created any impact on self autonomy to tribal communities. The paper highlights the constitutional framework of Scheduled V Areas and the evolution of PESA Act 1996 and its background. An attempt is made to identify the gaps in compliance of other statutory State Laws with the PESA Act 1996. The paper examines the possibility of organizing a Gram Sabha within the existing rules frame work. The paper is based on both primary and secondary sources. Shri Arun Kumar Tripathy | Miss Rojalin Mohapatra "Impact of PESA Act in Scheduled Areas: A Case Study of Rayagada District of Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49245.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49245/impact-of-pesa-act-in-scheduled-areas-a-case-study-of-rayagada-district-of-odisha/shri-arun-kumar-tripathy
A presentation for introducing the system of Local Government system in India as it is mentioned in the Political Science curriculum of CBSE board of education for grade 11 in India.
The paper was presented at a National Seminar on Tribal Governance and Tribal Development in India organised by National University of Studies and Research in Law(NUSLR),Ranchi
Kerala is one of the few states in the country considered to have taken serious efforts in transferring powers to Local Self Government (LSG) institutions for strengthening the decentralisation process. The high rate of urbanisation in the state calls for powerful LSG institutions in urban areas. More than 47 per cent of the state’s population live in urban areas. In such a scenario, institutions such as municipalities and corporations have an important role to play, as most of the urban issues can be best handled at the local level.
Even though the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 entrusts the municipalities and corporations in the state with a list of functions, the institutions are not able to execute them efficiently. The Act, while laying down the provisions, gives the State Government overriding powers over LSG institutions. The operations of para-statal agencies in the domains of work parallel to LSG institutions lead to overlapping of powers, weakening the decentralisation process in the state.
The financial position of the municipalities and corporations in the state is very weak; they are highly reliant on grants from the Central and State Governments. The own revenue has only a meagre share in the total receipts of these institutions. While there is a large scope to increase the own revenue, the provisions in the Kerala Municipality Act giving excessive power to the State Government hinder its growth.
The municipalities and corporations in Kerala are functioning in a restrictive setting. The result is that they are unable to exercise the powers that are transferred to them. The paper aims at analysing the above issues and suggests measures to strengthen the process of decentralisation in Kerala.
This study was conducted by Deepthi Mary Mathew (Research Associate, CPPR) and D Dhanuraj (Chairman, CPPR)
The Constitution of India is the best known for its magnificent social treatise, begins with the glorious preamble which guarantees the key concepts as liberty, equality, justice and fraternity to the entire people of the country. These expressions postulate an unwritten pledge that everyone will do justice to one another especially for the common man – for the man on the street and in the farm, for the driver of the bullock cart and for other suppressed and neglected sections. This was the reason why the Founding Fathers had chosen to prefer justice to Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for placement in order again social justice was assigned a preferential place over economic and political. Otherwise the expression in the preamble – “We the people of India ……………… give unto our selves this Constitution” loses its meaning and import, as much as the promise in Article 38 – The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice – social, economic and political shall inform all institutions of national life. Thus, Social Justice in a comprehensive sense must penetrate in depth and permeate in its widest spectrum to all aspect of social life, including the stigmatized untouchability and the so called members of the Backward classes. The concept of Social Justice must take within its sweep the objective of removing all inequalities and affording equal opportunities to all citizens in social and economic affairs. Our country is not a utilitarian State, but a Democratic Republic with committed to welfarism. The problems enumerated above which concern the overwhelmingly large number of the citizens, could never be successfully tackled unless the State uses its most effective ameliorating devices against socio economic and socio legal instrumentalities that necessarily calls for a total reform for balancing economic structure and thereby relieve the body politic of the tension. In the process, the new era of Social Justice in the Democratic Republic of India could be surely ushered, when our condition favours introduction of democracy at the grass root level i.e., the creation of Panchayati Raj Institutions PRIs which embodied in Article 40 of the Constitution3. The basic conviction that Village Panchayats could play an important role in the social transformation and implementation of development programmes. In this paper, an attempt has made how far the Village Panchayat contributed for achieving the empowerment of women. Dr. Irsad Ali Khan "Social Justice in Panchayati Raj in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51818.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/51818/social-justice-in-panchayati-raj-in-india/dr-irsad-ali-khan
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
People’s Participation in Democracy through Ethnic Grass Root Institutionsijtsrd
India has adopted a federal government system with unitary bias due to which there is distribution of power but united in nature to the center. The beauty of democracy is the representation of every individual of a country by empowering them through people’s participation in the Indian democratic system. India has avoided the straight jacket structure of the western democratic political system by introducing three layers of government in which local level institutions facilitate people’s participation. Panchayati Raj institutions as grass root institutions are more encouraged by, self help groups, community groups and local set of ethnic institutions which are based on the ancient social beliefs, culture and customary practices. This paper would discuss the people’s participation of Ho’s indigenous community in the state of Jharkhand, India who are practicing it through their traditional, cultural, social and political institution that is Munda Manki institution. Later the method of participation, and problems in maintaining this institution will be discussed, thereafter followed with findings and solutions. It will show how it is contributing to the acceleration of people’s participation at the grass root level to strengthen Indian democracy. Moti Deogam "People’s Participation in Democracy through Ethnic Grass Root Institutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57407.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/57407/people’s-participation-in-democracy-through-ethnic-grass-root-institutions/moti-deogam
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Impact of PESA Act in Scheduled Areas A Case Study of Rayagada District of Od...ijtsrd
The 73rd and the 74th Amendments to the Indian Constitution passed in 1992 took the three tier Panchayati Raj governance structure to rural and urban parts of the country and came into force in April 1993. However, scheduled areas, predominantly inhabited by the tribal population, were exempted from the new amendments. Given low human development indicators, there was a huge demand to empower local governance in the scheduled area as well. Thus, the government of India constituted a committee in 1994 to look into the need for such law and modalities and how it can be extended. Chaired by Dilip Singh Bhuria, a parliamentarian from Madhya Pradesh, the committee highlighted the plight of the tribal communities and the exploitation they faced and submitted its recommendations in 1995. This Article is a study of that act in a fully scheduled district of Odisha, i.e., Rayagada. The paper examines whether the well intentioned PESA Act has created any impact on self autonomy to tribal communities. The paper highlights the constitutional framework of Scheduled V Areas and the evolution of PESA Act 1996 and its background. An attempt is made to identify the gaps in compliance of other statutory State Laws with the PESA Act 1996. The paper examines the possibility of organizing a Gram Sabha within the existing rules frame work. The paper is based on both primary and secondary sources. Shri Arun Kumar Tripathy | Miss Rojalin Mohapatra "Impact of PESA Act in Scheduled Areas: A Case Study of Rayagada District of Odisha" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49245.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49245/impact-of-pesa-act-in-scheduled-areas-a-case-study-of-rayagada-district-of-odisha/shri-arun-kumar-tripathy
A presentation for introducing the system of Local Government system in India as it is mentioned in the Political Science curriculum of CBSE board of education for grade 11 in India.
The paper was presented at a National Seminar on Tribal Governance and Tribal Development in India organised by National University of Studies and Research in Law(NUSLR),Ranchi
Kerala is one of the few states in the country considered to have taken serious efforts in transferring powers to Local Self Government (LSG) institutions for strengthening the decentralisation process. The high rate of urbanisation in the state calls for powerful LSG institutions in urban areas. More than 47 per cent of the state’s population live in urban areas. In such a scenario, institutions such as municipalities and corporations have an important role to play, as most of the urban issues can be best handled at the local level.
Even though the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 entrusts the municipalities and corporations in the state with a list of functions, the institutions are not able to execute them efficiently. The Act, while laying down the provisions, gives the State Government overriding powers over LSG institutions. The operations of para-statal agencies in the domains of work parallel to LSG institutions lead to overlapping of powers, weakening the decentralisation process in the state.
The financial position of the municipalities and corporations in the state is very weak; they are highly reliant on grants from the Central and State Governments. The own revenue has only a meagre share in the total receipts of these institutions. While there is a large scope to increase the own revenue, the provisions in the Kerala Municipality Act giving excessive power to the State Government hinder its growth.
The municipalities and corporations in Kerala are functioning in a restrictive setting. The result is that they are unable to exercise the powers that are transferred to them. The paper aims at analysing the above issues and suggests measures to strengthen the process of decentralisation in Kerala.
This study was conducted by Deepthi Mary Mathew (Research Associate, CPPR) and D Dhanuraj (Chairman, CPPR)
The Constitution of India is the best known for its magnificent social treatise, begins with the glorious preamble which guarantees the key concepts as liberty, equality, justice and fraternity to the entire people of the country. These expressions postulate an unwritten pledge that everyone will do justice to one another especially for the common man – for the man on the street and in the farm, for the driver of the bullock cart and for other suppressed and neglected sections. This was the reason why the Founding Fathers had chosen to prefer justice to Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for placement in order again social justice was assigned a preferential place over economic and political. Otherwise the expression in the preamble – “We the people of India ……………… give unto our selves this Constitution” loses its meaning and import, as much as the promise in Article 38 – The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice – social, economic and political shall inform all institutions of national life. Thus, Social Justice in a comprehensive sense must penetrate in depth and permeate in its widest spectrum to all aspect of social life, including the stigmatized untouchability and the so called members of the Backward classes. The concept of Social Justice must take within its sweep the objective of removing all inequalities and affording equal opportunities to all citizens in social and economic affairs. Our country is not a utilitarian State, but a Democratic Republic with committed to welfarism. The problems enumerated above which concern the overwhelmingly large number of the citizens, could never be successfully tackled unless the State uses its most effective ameliorating devices against socio economic and socio legal instrumentalities that necessarily calls for a total reform for balancing economic structure and thereby relieve the body politic of the tension. In the process, the new era of Social Justice in the Democratic Republic of India could be surely ushered, when our condition favours introduction of democracy at the grass root level i.e., the creation of Panchayati Raj Institutions PRIs which embodied in Article 40 of the Constitution3. The basic conviction that Village Panchayats could play an important role in the social transformation and implementation of development programmes. In this paper, an attempt has made how far the Village Panchayat contributed for achieving the empowerment of women. Dr. Irsad Ali Khan "Social Justice in Panchayati Raj in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51818.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/51818/social-justice-in-panchayati-raj-in-india/dr-irsad-ali-khan
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
People’s Participation in Democracy through Ethnic Grass Root Institutionsijtsrd
India has adopted a federal government system with unitary bias due to which there is distribution of power but united in nature to the center. The beauty of democracy is the representation of every individual of a country by empowering them through people’s participation in the Indian democratic system. India has avoided the straight jacket structure of the western democratic political system by introducing three layers of government in which local level institutions facilitate people’s participation. Panchayati Raj institutions as grass root institutions are more encouraged by, self help groups, community groups and local set of ethnic institutions which are based on the ancient social beliefs, culture and customary practices. This paper would discuss the people’s participation of Ho’s indigenous community in the state of Jharkhand, India who are practicing it through their traditional, cultural, social and political institution that is Munda Manki institution. Later the method of participation, and problems in maintaining this institution will be discussed, thereafter followed with findings and solutions. It will show how it is contributing to the acceleration of people’s participation at the grass root level to strengthen Indian democracy. Moti Deogam "People’s Participation in Democracy through Ethnic Grass Root Institutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57407.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/57407/people’s-participation-in-democracy-through-ethnic-grass-root-institutions/moti-deogam
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‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
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Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47818 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2021 Page 281
taxation gave way to indirect taxation. In many
regions of the country, for example, in the North
Western provinces, a leading or prominent person
was put in charge of various jobs like construction,
development work, etc. This system took the place of
the local institutions like panchayats. In 1882, the
Government of India Resolution on local self-
government was announced. Lord Ripon’s
Government had sent circulars to the governments in
the provinces on the subject of local self-government,
as they wanted to find out what the public opinion
was. The issues in the circular became the basis for
the Government of India Resolution (1882) and later
the Local Bodies Act of 1885 came into being. This
was the basis for setting up local self-governing
institutions with a majority of nominated members
down to the village level. It seems that Lord Ripon
viewed the problem of local self-government
liberally. He thought that the local self-governing
institutions would act as instruments of political and
popular education. Another major step in this
direction was the Report of the Royal Commission on
Decentralization. This commission was set up in 1907
and it submitted its report in 1909. It recommended
that it would be desirable for effective
decentralization to associate people with local tasks
and village affairs through village panchayats. But
like the Ripon Resolution, the recommendations
made by the Royal Commission on Decentralization
also remained on paper only. In the same year (i.e.
1909), the 24th Session of the Congress at Lahore
adopted a resolution urging the Government to take
early steps to have elected local bodies from village
panchayat upwards with non-official chairmen for the
local bodies and to provide them necessary financial
support. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919,
under the proposed scheme of diarchy, made local
self-government a “transferred subject”. This meant
that local selfgovernment was brought under the
control of Indian ministers in the provinces. The idea
was to make the local bodies truly representative
bodies by bringing them under the popular control.
This, however, did not make the panchayat
institutions truly democratic, as there were various
other constraints to overcome. Yet many acts were
passed by various states for establishing panchayats.
These included ‘Bengal Village Self-Government Act
of 1919’, ‘Madras, Bombay and United Provinces
Village Panchayat Act of 1920’, ‘Bihar and Orissa
Village Administration Act’, ‘Assam Rural Self-
Government Act of 1926’, ‘Punjab Village Panchayat
Act of 1935’, etc. These acts aimed at looking after
the development of villages and their affairs. The
local self-government had powers even to try minor
cases. But these bodies were not democratic in the
real sense, because most of their members were not
elected but nominated by the government. They had
few powers given to them and their financial
resources were also limited. The situation remained
more or less the same till 1947.
POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
The Indian National Congress perceived panchayats
as people’s institutions. Local self-governance was
seen as the true voice of democracy. Many of our
leaders, mainly Mahatma Gandhi, had pointed out
that independence must begin at the lowest level.
Every village should be a republic (Gram Swaraj)
with a panchayat having full powers. The idea was to
have democratic processes operating at the grass roots
level as much as at the national level.
Birth of the Panchayati Raj System in
Independent India
It was the Study Team on Community Projects and
National Extension Services headed by Balvantrai
Mehta and set up in 1957, which expressed concern
about the lack of popular participation in Community
Development Programmes and made a strong plea for
devolution of power to lower levels through
Panchayati Raj. Thus the Panchayati Raj system came
into existence in 1959 with two basic objectives.
These were (1) democratic decentralization and (2)
local participation in planned programmes. This was a
big step forward in the process of development. It was
mentioned in the preceding unit that the Balwantrai
Mehta Committee recommended a three-tier system
of Panchayati Raj. In other words, the system had to
work at three levels. They were: the district level
(Zilla Parishad), the intermediate level (Block Samiti)
and the lower level (Village Panchayat). The
Committee suggested the setting up of Block Level
Committees comprising elected representatives with
adequate powers and resources for development
programmes. The team felt that in this way
Panchayati Raj system would be able to establish a
link between the people and the government. The
states of Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh were the first
to adopt this system. By 1959, all the states had
passed Panchayat Acts, and by the mid-1960s,
panchayats had been set up in all parts of the country,
as more than 217,300 village panchayats, covering
over 96 per cent of the 579,000 inhabited villages and
92 per cent of the rural population, had come into
being. On an average, a panchayat represented a
population of about 2,400 covering two to three
villages. There was a lot of enthusiasm generated in
the rural India and the people started feeling that they
could have a say in the affairs affecting their daily
lives. Unfortunately this enthusiasm could not be
sustained. One explanation given is that
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“strengthening of local government institutions and
devolution of powers did not go hand in hand with
adequate delegation and devolution of powers,
particularly in respect of planning and
administration”. On the other hand, national
development planners were busy experimenting with
other development initiatives, like the ‘Green
Revolution’ in the 1960s and the ‘Target Group’
approach in the 1970s, as they were anxious partly to
show overnight results in the food situation and partly
to reach target groups to contain poverty. As a result
local self-government system nourished through
history and promised by the Constitution of India
started languishing. It was only when development
planners realized that community participation in
development planning was not forthcoming on the
expected lines and that the poverty situation was
showing little signs of recovery, that we started
looking back at local self-government through
Panchayati Raj during the late 1970s. Thus the
appointment of Ashoka Mehta Committee in 1977
marked a “turning point in the concept and practice of
Panchayati Raj”.
Asoka Mehta Committee
In 1977, a committee was appointed under the
chairmanship of Asoka Mehta to review the working
of the Panchayati Raj Institutions. The Committee
listed several factors responsible for the decline of the
Panchayati Raj. They included: i) Dissociation of the
programmes of development from the Panchayati Raj;
ii) Inability of the bureaucracy to involve panchayats
in the implementation of development programmes;
iii) Internal deficiencies within the panchayat
institutions; and iv) A lack of clarity about the
concept itself. The Asoka Mehta Committee provided
a definite philosophical treatment to the system. It
observed that rural India was the backbone of all
developmental programmes. The future of India
would depend on the welfare of the villages.
Panchayati Raj as a system should contribute to the
philosophy and the functions of rural life in India.
The most significant recommendation of the
committee was about the two-tier Panchayati Raj
system. According to this recommendation, the Zilla
Parishad at the district level had to be established as
the first point of decentralization. It also
recommended the formation of Mandal Panchayats. A
Mandal was conceived as a group of villages, which
would make the necessary links with the system in
developing focal points. It would also develop links
between rural and urban areas. One major weakness
of the Ashoka Mehta Committee was that it ignored
the importance of the Gram Sabha.
G.V.K. Rao Committee
This Committee was set up in 1985. It was asked to
look into the administrative arrangements for rural
development and the role of panchayat bodies and
their relationships with the administrative setup. With
reference to the Panchayati Raj, we may recall the
major recommendations of this committee as follows:
· Zilla Parishads (at district level) should be
strengthened, · There should be sub-committees at the
district level with proportional representation, · Some
planning functions may be transferred to the district
level, and · Elections of local bodies should be held
regularly. The committee believed that development
was possible, only if a large number of people
participated in development activities. In order to
achieve this, adequate powers and financial resources
at the local level were considered essential.
L.M. Singhavi Committee
This was set up in 1986. It gave importance to the
Gram Sabha. Once again, the Gram Sabha was
viewed as the seedbed of democracy. Some of its
major recommendations are: · Local self-government
should be constitutionally recognized. · Elections at
the panchayat level should be held regularly and
without delay. · Panchayati Raj judicial tribunal
should be set up in every state to deal with matters
related to the working of Panchayati Raj. · There
should be adequate financial resources to ensure
effective functioning of panchayats. · Participation of
individuals attached to political parties should be
discouraged. · The Nyaya Panchayat should be given
the functions of mediation and settling of issues.
Sarkaria Commission
The Sarkaria Commission (1988), which was
primarily concerned with the centrestate relationship,
also recommended the strengthening of local bodies
financially and functionally. The commission also
believed that elections for panchayats must be held
regularly. By the end of 1988, a sub-committee of the
Consultative Committee of Parliament Rural Credit
and Banking under the chairmanship of P.K. Thungon
made recommendations for strengthening the
Panchayati Raj system once again. One of its
important recommendations was that Panchayati Raj
bodies should be constitutionally recognized.
Similarly, the Congress Committee headed by V.N.
Gadgil in 1989 recommended a three-tier system of
Panchayati Raj with a fixed term of 5 years for the
elected members and reservation for Scheduled
Castes/Tribes and women. The recommendations of
these various committees and commissions generated
a strong realization that there was a need to create a
strong third layer of governance, which would help
the rural community to influence its own future. To
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materialize this, it was considered necessary to give
constitutional recognition to the third layer of
governance. It was against the backdrop of these
recommendations by various committees and
commissions that the Constitution (64th Amendment)
Bill was drafted.
THE CONSTITUTION (73RD AMENDMENT)
ACT, 1992
The amendment phase began with the 64th
Amendment Bill (1989), which was introduced in
Parliament for constituting panchayats in every state
at the village, the intermediate and the district levels.
It proposed that the Legislature of a State could by
law endow the panchayats with such powers and
authority as may be necessary to enable them to
function as institutions of self-government. This bill
was the brainchild of Rajiv Gandhi, who strongly
believed in strengthening panchayats by giving them
constitutional status. Unfortunately, though the Bill
got two-thirds majority in the Lok Sabha, it was
struck down in the Rajya Sabha on October 15, 1989
by just two votes. The next Government headed by
V.P. Singh also made an abortive effort to provide
constitutional status to panchayats through the
introduction of the 74th Amendment Bill.
Notwithstanding the above disappointments, the
government declared its commitment to the
philosophy of ‘Power to the People’, and so to
providing the much needed constitutional status to
panchayats. Accordingly, in September 1991, the 72n
d Amendment of the Constitution was introduced.
This was referred to a Joint Select Committee of the
Parliament in December 1991 for detailed
examination. Finally, after including necessary
changes, the Amendment was passed with near
unanimity in the Lok Sabha on December 22, 1992
and in the Rajya Sabha on December 23, 1992.
Finally, on April 20, 1993 the President of India gave
it his assent. This Amendment of the Constitution is
known as the Constitution (Seventy-Third
Amendment) Act, 1992. This Act was brought in to
force by a notification with effect from April 24,
1993. This Act makes the details of the transfer of
power to the Panchayat a part of the most basic
document of this nation: the Constitution of India. By
virtue of this Act, no one will be able to take away the
powers, responsibilities and finances given to the
Panchayats. They are expected to play a much bigger
role in the development of their respective areas and
people. It is also expected that everyone will be able
to take part in this process including the poorest of the
poor. All of us know that the objective of national
development can be achieved only through the
development of the vast rural areas. People who are
poor and unemployed cannot have adequate buying
power. You must have seen that even nature does not
favour us every time. From time to time, we have to
face failures of the monsoon, droughts, floods,
cyclones, etc. It is now hoped that through people’s
involvement, panchayats will be able to play a more
responsible role in overcoming these difficulties.
Scheduled Areas:-
Article 244(1) denotes, the provision of the Fifth
Schedule shall apply to the administration & control
of scheduled areas & scheduled tribes in any state
other than north eastern areas. The areas are (1)
Andhra Pradesh (2) Bihar (3) Gujarat (4) Madhya
Pradesh (5) Maharashtra (6) Odisha (7) Himachal
Pradesh (8) Rajasthan. The scheme of administration
of scheduled areas under the fifth schedule visualizes
a division of responsibility between the state & union
government. The state government has been given the
responsibility of screening the legislation which is
unsuitable for extension to the tribal areas. They are
also responsible for framing regulation which is
necessary for the protection of the tribals’ land & for
prevention of exploitation of the tribal by the money
lenders. The Union Government provides guidelines
& necessary funds that are required to raise the
standard of administration & for the improvement in
the quality of life of the tribal communities. The
Governor of those states which have Scheduled Areas
is empowered under the Fifth Scheduled with the
right to modify central & state laws so as to make
them applicable to Tribal Areas. The said Governor is
also required to submit an annual report to the
President of India regarding administration of
Scheduled Areas. In addition to this there is a
provision of establishing tribal advisory councils.
Scheduled Areas of Odisha
In exercise of powers conferred by sub-paragraph 6 of
the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution of India, the
revised Presidential Order titled " The Scheduled
Areas (states of Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh &
Odisha) Order 1977" has declared the full districts
viz. Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh, Koraput (which now
includes the districts of Koraput, Malkangiri,
Nabarangapur and Rayagada) , Kuchinda tahasil of
Sambalpur district, Keonjhar, Telkoi, Champua,
Barbil tahasils of Keonjhar district, Khondamal,
Balliguda and G.Udayagiri tahasil of Khondamal
district, R.Udaygiri tahasil, Gumma and Rayagada
block of Parlekhemundi tahasil in Parlakhemundi
Sub-division and Suruda tahasil (excluding Gazalbadi
and Gochha Gram Panchayats), of Ghumsur sub-
division in Ganjam district, Thuamul Rampur and
Lanjigarh blocks of Kalahandi district and Nilagiri
block of Balasore district as Scheduled Areas of the
state. After reorganisation of districts in the state, 7
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districts fully and 6 districts partly are covered under
the Scheduled Areas of the state.
The scheduled tribe population of Odisha is 81,
45,081(2011 census), which constitute 22.84% of the
total population of the state. The tribal population of
Odisha is 9.7% of the total tribal population of India.
Odisha has the unique distinction of being the
homeland of the highest number of tribal
communities (62) & the largest number of
particularly vulnerable tribal Groups (Previously
known as Primitive tribal Groups) which is (13)
thirteen in numbers. Each tribal communityis distinct
in terms of their traditional cultural practices like
dance, arts & crafts etc. They are in majority in 118
out of 314 Blocks. Table 1.10 gives us information
about the population of scheduled tribes of Odisha
state from the census of 1961 to 2011. Malkangiri
district has the highest proportion of STs, (57.4%) &
followed by Mayurbhanj (56.6%), Rayagada (55.8%)
&Nabarangpur (55%), Puri district has the lowest
proportion of STs (0.3%) Khond is the most populous
tribe followed by Gond. The other major tribals living
in Odisha are Santal, Kolha, Munda, Saora, Shabar,
Bhottada, Bhumij, Bhuiya, Oraon, and Paroja &
Kisan.
THE PROVISIONS OF THE PANCHAYATS
(EXTENSION TO THE SCHEDULED AREAS)
ACT, 1996
The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the
Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 came into force on
December 24, 1996. This Act extends panchayats to
the tribal areas of the states such as Andhra Pradesh,
Bihar, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa
and Rajasthan. It intends to enable tribal societies to
assume control over their destiny and to preserve and
conserve their traditional rights over natural
resources. The State Governments were required to
enact their legislations in accordance with the
provisions of the Act within one year, i.e. by
December 23, 1997. Most of the states have enacted
the required state legislation to give effect to the
provisions contained in Act 14, 1996. The salient
features of the Act are: 1) Every village shall have an
elected Gram Sabha and it shall be competent to
safeguard and preserve the traditions and customs of
the people. 2) Gram Sabha shall approve the plans,
programmes and projects for social and economic
development before their implementation. 3) It would
be responsible for the identification or selection of
persons as beneficiaries under the poverty alleviation
and other programmes. 4) Every Gram Panchayat
shall obtain from the related Gram Sabha a certificate
of utilization of funds for the plans, programmes and
projects. 5) The reservation of seats in the Scheduled
Areas in every panchayat shall be in the proportion of
the populations of the communities in the
panchayat.6) Planning and management of minor
water bodies in the Scheduled Areas shall be
entrusted to panchayats at the appropriate level. 7)
Recommendations of the Gram Sabha or the
panchayats shall be mandatory for granting i) licenses
for mining minerals, and ii) concessions for the
exploitation of minor minerals by auction in the
Scheduled Areas. 8) The state legislature shall endow
panchayats and the Gram Sabha specifically with: i)
the power to enforce prohibition or regulate or restrict
the sale and consumption of any intoxicant; ii) the
ownership of minor forest produce; iii) the power to
prevent land alienation in the Scheduled Areas; iv)
the power to manage village markets; v) the power to
control money lending to Scheduled Tribes and social
sectors; vi) the power to control local plans and
resources for such plans, including tribal sub-plans;
and vii) the state legislations that may endow
panchayats with powers and authority, as may be
necessary to enable them to function as institutions of
selfgovernment, and contain safeguards to ensure that
panchayats at the higher level do not assume the
powers and authority of any panchayats at the lower
level or of the Gram Sabha.
Diagrammatical Representation of the Local Self Government
Local Self government
Rural Local Self Government Urban Local Self Government
Gram Panchayat
Panchayat Samiti Municipality
Zilla Parishad NAC
Corporation
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Objectives of the Study
1. To analyse the role of PRI members in development of the Gram Panchayat as instructed by the provisions
2. To study the present scenario of developmental works in the study area
3. To enquire about the steps performed by the PRI members in the study area for development
4. To aware the PRI members about their rights and responsibilities
5. To suggest certain measures for successful functioning of the PRI members which would lead to further
socio-economic empowerment of the stakeholders.
Hypotheses
1. PRI members are not properly trained about their rights and responsibilities
2. Though women representatives were there, but they are rubber stamp, real works are done by their spouse
3. Block administration were not conducting awareness programmes for PRImembers properly, as a result they
are not utilizing their duties optimally.
Methodology
Universe
The Nabarangpur district is the universe for the proposed study
Census
The Tentulikhunti block of Nabarangpur district is the cessus for the proposed study
Sample & Sampling ,Tools and Techniques
Out of 15 Gram Panchayats of Tentulikhunti block, 02 Panchayats namely Pujariguda
Tentulikhunti would selected on the basis of simple random sample method. There are 03 Revenue Villages
were there in Pujariguda GP & 09 Revenue Villages were there in Tentulikhunti GP. All the word members,
Samiti Members and Zilla Parishad Members associated with this area were interviewed with the Structured
Interview Schedule, Focus Group Discussion. Simple statistical tools like average, percentage, etc will be used
to analyse the data collected and diagrams like Pie-chart, Bar-Diagram will be used to present the analysis in
graphical/ photo pictorial forms.
DISTRICT PROFILE: NABARANGPUR
1. Area and Location:
The district of Nabarangpur came into existence on 2nd October 1992 after being carved out of the erstwhile
Koraput district. The district is located in south western corner of Odisha and bounded by Kalahandi and
Koraput districts in east and south, and the Raipur and Bastar districts of Chattisgarh in the north and west
respectively. Nabarangpur district is located at 810 52’ to 820 53’E longitude and 190 9’ to 200 5’N latitude and
stretches over an area of approximately 5291 sq.km. It shares 3.40 % of landmark of the State and occupies 14th
rank in term of area.
2. Population:
As per 2011 census, the total population of Nabarangpur district is 12,20,946 comprising of 11,33,321 rural and
87,625 urban population. The SC and ST population constituted 14.5 % and 55.8 % of the district population
respectively. The district is predominantly inhabited by tribals like Kandha, Paraja, Soura etc. The density of
population per sq.km is 231 with decadal growth rate of 19.0 for the district, as against population densityof 270
person per sq.km and decadal growth rate of 14.0 for the state. It has 891 census villages (including 23 un-
inhabited villages) covering 10 Blocks and 10 Tahasils. The literacy percentage of the district is 46.4 against
72.9 of the state. The level of urbanization stands at 7.18% of the total district population as against the 0.21% of
the State.
3. Climate:
Nabarangpur district falls under East Coast Plains and Hills as per the GOI’s AgroClimatic Zonal Planning.
Entire district except Dabugan block, falls under ‘Eastern Ghat High lands’. Dabugan block falls under ‘Western
undulating lands’. The climate is subtropical to temperate. It is characterized by hot and dry summer, cool and
humid monsoon and cold and dry winter. The district has different types of soils like red and laterite. The soil
PH is neutral to alkaline and its salinity is normal. In 2018 Normal rainfall of the district was 1569.5 mm and the
actual rainfall was 1382.7 mm.
4. Agriculture:
Agriculture is the prime occupation/activity in the district. During the year 2017- 18, the net area sown was 152
thousand hectares against 3863 thousand hectares of the state. The major crops grown are paddy, ragi, maize,
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niger, pulses and wheat. Maize is being grown extensively in Umerkote, Raighar and Jharigan Blocks. The
production of paddy was 4661515 quintals, Maize 644811 quintals, Ragi 4 quintals, Mung 6251 quintals, Biri
22872 quintals, Kulthi 15308 quintals, Groundnuts 233 quintals, Potatoes 21385 quintals and Sugarcane 93715
quintals. The yield rate of paddy was 37.33 Qtl/ha, Ragi 0.62 Qtl/ha, Maize 31.47 Qtl/ha. During 2017-18, the
total fertilizer used in this district was about 38498 MT out of which Nitrogenous fertilizer has a share of 26515
MT, Phosphatic 7369 MT and Pottasic 4614 MT. The consumption of fertilizer per hectare stood at 151.03 Kg.
5. Irrigation:
It is reported by the D.A.O, Nabarangapur during 2017-18. The irrigation potential created during Kharif and
Rabi are 54409 and 34181 hectares respectively from different sources. This is 16.74% of net area sown during
Kharif & Rabi season respectively.
6. Co-operation:
The district has 13 agricultural Co-operative societies with a membership of 165100. The loan advances is to the
tune of Rs. 17229.65 lakh and loan outstanding stood at Rs. 12365.68 lakhs as of 2017-18. The agricultural
credit Co-operative societies as more or less evenly distributed across the 10 Blocks of the district. Besides that
are 4 non-agricultural credit Co-operative Societies in the district of which 3 are in Nabarangpur Municipalities
and 1 in Jharigaon Block. These are 2 marketing Co-operative Societies one each in Nabarangpur (M) &
Umerkote (M).
7. Forest:
District of Nabarangpur has abundant of Forest area that contributed 46.55% of the total geographical area of the
district.
8. Animal Husbandry:
Animal Husbandry offers a good potential for rural employment in Nabarangpur District, owing to the longer
tradition of homestead animal husbandry practiced by the tribal population and abudance of ingredients of feed
i.e. maize, horse gram and oil cakes. During 2017-18, Milk production is 28.86 thousand MT, production of eggs
is 155.21 lakhs nos. and production of meat is 3.12 thousand MT in this district. During 2017-18, 16 nos. of
Hospitals and Dispensaries, 87 nos. of Livestock Aid centers and 71 Artificial Insemination Centers were
functioning in the district.
9. Industry and Mining:
The only medium scale industry in the district is Mangalam Timber Products Ltd. In addition to this there are
few rice mills, an oil mills, a cotton spinning unit and a pharmaceutical units. There is huge potential for Maize
processing industries. During the year 2017-18, 1024 nos. of Micro small and Medium Enterprise have
established with total capital investment of about Rs.4782.58 lakhs with 3096 nos. of employment generated in
this district. Artisan clusters are there in the field of tribal jewellery, terracotta, wood/ bamboo craft, lacquer
work, weaving, dhokra casting, paddy craft, etc. No mines are there in this district.
10. Power:
There are 820 revenue villages electrified as on 31.03.2018 which constitutes 94.5 % to the total villages of the
district.
11. Transport & Communication:
The district is not connected with railway routes. The district has 42 km. of National Highways, 123 kms of
State Highways, 64 kms of Major District Road, 421 kms of other district roads, 1905 kms of Rural Roads, 136
kms of Forest Roads, 3822 kms of Inter-village Roads and 2352 kms of Intra-village Roads. All the Block
Headquarters 3 are connected with the State Capital by road only. Inter-State buses are plying to Andhra Pradesh
(Vizianagram, Visakhapatnam, etc.) and Chattisgarh (Raipur, Jagdalpur, etc.).
12. Education:
During 2017-18, there were 1217 nos. of primary schools, 625 nos. of upper primary, 210 nos. of secondary
schools and 19 nos. of general colleges in the district. The teacher pupil ratio in the primary, upper primary,
Secondary School stood at 34, 26 and 37 respectively.
13. Health:
The medical facilities are provided by different agencies like Govt., Private medicals and voluntary
organizations in the district. During 2017-18, there were 2 nos. Allopathic medical Institutions/Hospital, 10 nos.
of CHCs, 40 nos. of PHCs, 289 nos. of Sub-centers and one no of private Hospital functioning in the district.
Only 16 nos. of Homoeopathic dispensaries and 22 nos. of Ayurvedic dispensaries are in the district.
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14. Banking:
As on March’ 2018, there were 63 nos. of All Banks having 3245.76 crore rupees deposit and 1744.37 crore
rupees credit in the district. The district has banking branches network of 63 out of which 0 (0%) were in the
urban area, 25 (39.68%) in semi-urban area and 38 (60.32%) in rural areas. The total number of ATMs in the
district stood at 56.
15. Collection of Land Revenue:
The total collection of land revenue in the district for 2017-18 was Rs. 1569.16 lakh. The total collection of Tax
in the district during 2017-18 was Rs. 2368.56 Lakh.
16. Poverty Alleviation Programme:
In the district total no. of Job card issued was 2.38 Lakh and total no. of person days generated was 35.51 lakh
during the year 2017-18. 17. Disaster Scenario: In terms of Disaster activity the district in graded as slight zone
for wind & cyclone, high risk zone for flood, very high risk zone for drought, moderate risk zone for earthquake
& high risk zone for accident.
Result of Interaction with Interview Schedule, Focus Group Discussion
Table No. -1.01-Details of Elected Representative of Pujari Guda GP
Name of the GP, Sarpanch
& Naib Sarpanch
Sl
No.
Name of the
RV
Name of the PRI
Member
Position/
Gender(M/F)
Pujariguda
Sarpanch-
Kumar Pujari(M)
Naib Sarpanch-
Annakranti Harijan(F)
1. Khunti Padar Sukadev Santa Ward Member(M)
2. Bageipadar Purna Bhatra Ward Member(F)
3. Sira Guda Balram Majhi Ward Member(M)
4. Dani Guda Nira Harijan Ward Member(M)
5. Kuja Daniguda Hema Jani Ward Member(F)
6. Bisaguda Annakranti Harijan
Ward Member(F)
Cum
Naib Sarpanch
7. Nuaguda Chandal Jani Ward Member(M)
8. Kurmakote-01 Arjun Karkara Ward Member(M)
9. Kurmakote-02 Adae Jani Ward Member(F)
10. Pujariguda-01 Narsingh Gouda Ward Member(M)
11. Pujariguda-02 Aswasini Bhatra Ward Member(F)
12. Pujariguda-03 Minakshi Bisoi Ward Member(F)
13. Pujariguda-04 Lachhadei Majhi Ward Member(F)
Table No. -1.02-Details of Elected Representative of Tentuli Khunti GP
Name of the GP, Sarpanch
& Naib Sarpanch
Sl No. Name of the RV
Name of the PRI
Member
Position/
Gender(M/F)
Tentuli Khunti,
Sarpanch-
Mrutyunjay Nayak(M)
Naib Sarpanch- Santidevi
Singh(F)
1.
Tentulikhunti Ichhabati Jani Ward Member(F)
Rukuni Suna Ward Member(F)
Rukuni Jani Ward Member(F)
Lingaraj Bhanja Ward Member(M)
2.
Udaypur Santi Devi Singh Ward Member(F)
Kumari Jani Ward Member(F)
Damburu Muduli Ward Member(M)
Baidanath Majhi Ward Member(M)
3. Dangasil Trinath Naik Ward Member(M)
4.
Khandiaguda Samati Muduli Ward Member(F)
Nilan Bhatra Ward Member(M)
5. Tabhapadar Dasa Harijan Ward Member(M)
6. Merakani Merged with Tabhapadar
7. Madagulumi Leli Lohra Ward Member(M)
8. Panganmara Sumitra Bagh Ward Member(F)
9. Mangardara Sunamajhi Jani Ward Member(M)
10. Mundaguda Merged with Mangardara
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Sl. No Name of the Elected Representative Position
1. Geetanjali Bhatra Samiti Sabhya
2. Devaki Nayak Panchayat Samiti Chairman
3. Champabati Muduli Zilla Parishad Sabhya
The following observation and analysis were made
after interviewing the respondents
1. Health: There are sub centre (health) in each of
the GP, where ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife)
were employed, who is associated with ASHA
worker ( Associated Social Health Activist), also
Anganwadi workers were also looks after health
issues of the inhabitants. Veterinary Office is also
there at the GP headquarter, in which a VAS
(Veterinary assistant surgeon) is employed who is
dealing with cattle.
2. Development of the weaker section: As the
study area is an scheduled areas, all the facilities
provided by the government is enjoyed by them.
For the purpose of Divyangs, after the certificate
given by the doctor, appropriate steps were tahen
by the representatives. For the purpose of 60%
disability a monthly pension of `700/- and
`500/- is provided to the Divyangs with less than
60%.
3. Maintenance of Infrastructure: Regarding
construction and maintenance of Roads, bridges,
tanks, drain and wells, the PRI members sits at
least once at the last of the month, where these
kind of issues were represented and from which
account the funds will be raised has analyzed at
that meeting. The heads like, SFC (State Finance
Commission), CFC (Central Finance
Commission) were there, further there is
provision in MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee
Assurance) in which works were undertaken.
4. Drinking Water: For the purpose of supplying
clean drinking water, two over head tanks with
the capacity of 10,000/- liters were constructed in
each of the GP. For new connection `1000/- is
charged by the beneficiary and a monthly rent of
`100/- is paid by them in order to ensure drinking
water supply.
5. Roads & Drains: As it is a rural area, regular
cleaning of drain is not required as the
establishment were not a planned one. Once in a
year before Rainy season the drains were cleaned
by the GP. Further there is Dustbins were set by
the GP in the areas where large chunk of dirty
materials were deposited by the inhabitants.
6. Education: There are 09 primary schools and 04
High School were in Pujari Guda GP and only 10
primary schools were there in Tentulikhunti GP.
A School Management Committee was there
where these representatives were having a voice.
Further they are looking after toilet and water
connection issues, making ramps for the
Divyangs, maintenance of the flooring of the
schools, construction of school boundary etc.
These proposals were given to the block level
officials through the Panchayat Executive Officer.
7. Development of Cremation Ground: There are
two communities of people were there in the GPs,
i.e., Hindu and Christian. In each of the
Cremation Ground and Rest Shed has been
developed in each of the GP.
8. For Cattle: In the House hold where Cattle
rearing is practiced, a provision of construction of
Cow-Shed is there. Earlier the fund of `48000/-
was there but now it has hiked into `113000/- ;
irrespective of the caste and community, every
stake holder can avail this facility.
9. Checking of Communicable Diseases: All the
PRI members were aware about the
communicable diseases. Block administration
were also organizing awareness campaign
regarding the same. In the time of CORONA, it is
ensured by the PRI members through the ASHA,
Anganwadi workers and ANMs, whether the
stakeholders were getting vaccinated or not,
whether taken 2nd
dose or not. Medicines were
also distributed by these health workers for other
diseases including COVID-19.
10. Regarding Birth and Death Registration:
Though there is provision of registering birth and
death, but they were not aware about the same.
The researchers were guided them to ensure it at
their respective GPs by consulting with the Block
Administration.
11. Regarding Fairs and Festivals: As it is a
scheduled area, inhabited by the tribal people,
they are very cultural. In all most all of the
months they are having festivals. Its ensured by
the PRI members how to maintain discipline in
those events and how the peoples will get
maximum satisfaction by enjoying night shows
which are organized at communitylevel under the
supervision of the PRIs. Weekly market is also
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47818 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2021 Page 289
there in both of the GPs, for whom Verandah
(Open Complex) has constructed by the GP and
has been maintained.
12. Play Ground: There are two play ground in
Pujariguda GP where as 01 play ground is there in
Tentulikhunti GP. A gallery for sitting of the
viewers is also attached to one of the play ground
where main tournaments have been organized.
They were in the process of constructing another
mini stadium.
13. Education & Literacy: Literacy mission was
organized by the government of Odisha during
1990s, but after that no steps were taken by the
Odisha govt. The literacy of the Pujariguda GP is
58.54% whereas the literacy of Tentulikhunti GP
is 61.32%. It is inspired by the researcher to the
PRI members to provide written name of the
illiterate person to the concerned persons as a
result, they may practice their name and may
became literate in due course of time.
Conclusion
It seems that the PRI members were average aware
about their right and duties. More and more
awareness programmes should be conducted by the
block administration; as they have said that only three
days awareness programmes has been conducted by
the block administration, when they were elected.
They are also demanding for pensions and insurance,
which may inspire them to do the works properly.
They may be given the facility of exposure visit by
which their outer knowledge may develop. If with
courage and wisdom her leader have the sagacity to
work with aid of science there is no reason that why
India should remin forever poor.
Reference
[1] http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL
=abt&PL=1, Retrieved on 10th
Nov, 2021
[2] Tripathy, A. K. - Tribal Economy In Scheduled
Areas: A Micro Study (2020), Tribal Avenue
Publisher, Jeypore-ISBN No- 9789354069079
[3] https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DC
HB.html , Retrieved on 10th
Nov, 2021
[4] District Statistical Hand Book Nawaranagpur
2018, Published By: Directorate Of Economics
And Statistics, Odisha
[5] https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456
789/31758/1/Unit-2.pdf, Retrieved on 11th
Nov,
2021