Determination of Some Mechanical And Hydraulic Properties Of Biu Clayey Soils...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
Determination of Some Mechanical And Hydraulic Properties Of Biu Clayey Soils...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
Geocomposite and its influence in environmentDr. sreeremya S
Stabilization methods utilizing mineral-based materials are routinely availed in the remediation of contaminated land. The selection of appropriate mineral amendments is always an open field for research on the quest for the effective mixing proportions at an affordable cost. Geo synthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) comprises of a thin layer of Na-bentonite clay supported by one or two layers of geo textiles.
In current years a significant increase of the geo-environmental applications for GCLs as contaminant barriers has been performed (Thiel et al., 1993). They have been widely availed in containment applications as part of composite liners for landfills and recently in attenuating metals from mining leachates (Wayne et al., 1998). Based on preliminary invittro research data and a pilot scale application, a new type of geocomposite was designed and trial produced as an innovative, commercial product under the term Geosynthetic Reactive Clay (GRC) for toxic metal retention in contaminated land.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Variability in the physicochemical properties of soils of different land uses form from the same lithology was studied. Soil samples were collected from surface (0 – 20 cm) and subsurface (20 – 40 cm) depths from three land use namely fallow land, continuous cultivated land and mechanic village land. The soils were air dried, sieved with 2 mm sieve and subjected to routine laboratory analysis. Results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Relationship between selected soil properties were determined using correlation analysis. Results showed that the textures of the studied soils were not affected by land use practices. Bulk density increased with increase in depth with fallow land recoding the lowest values of 0.86 g/cm3 (0.-20 cm depth) and 1.06 g/cm3 (20 – 40 cm depth). Land use types significantly (P = 0.05) affected soil chemical properties such as soil pH, soil organic carbon, total N, available P and exchangeable cations with the highest values recorded in fallow land, followed by palm plantation and the least was continuous cultivated land. There were slight variations among soil properties in the three land use types studied. Significant positive and negative correlations existed and some soil properties. Good soil management practices such as organic fertilization, zero tillage and mulching is recommended especially in continuous cultivated lands.
Sequestering soil carbon in the low input farming systems of the semi-arid tr...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Anthony M. Whitbread, from International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics – India, in FAO Hq, Rome
THE MODELING OF SLOPE EROSION RATE BY USING PADDY STRAW FIBERS AS COVER FOR L...IAEME Publication
This research aims to analyze the slope erosion rate by using paddy straw fibers as cover for land surface. This study is testing in the laboratory by using USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) model as a comparison to determine the amount of the reduction of the erosion rate that occurs, both on the land without the covering or covering. Research conducted with 3 variations in the intensity of rain that is 50 mm/hour, 100 mm/hour and 120 mm/hour and use artificial rainfall with a Rainfall Simulator. The results of this research show that the rate of erosion on soil that was given in the form of straw fibers cover layer of the paddy with the covering percentage is 30% dry weight or 38, 7 gr/m2 has decreased when compared with the rate of erosion occurring on the ground without covering.
A Study on Utilization of Admixtures for the Stabilization of Swelling Soilsijtsrd
Rapid urbanization along with the development of large scale industries has created numerous environmental problems. With the reduction of buildable ground, the construction sector has to move to areas with clay soil for expansion, which require soil stabilization. Any construction work over subgrade clay soil is expensive since treatment with various admixtures is required. Civil engineers, structural engineers, architects, and builders have tried many ways to avoid the damaging effects of expansive soils. This study shows that admixtures help reduce the costs of construction on expansive soil as well as the disposal of industrial wastes. Technological advances have made it possible to introduce new technologies in civil engineering for instance, geosynthetics are embedded in the soil to reduce the height of replacement soil. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the methodologies for improving the geotechnical properties of clay soil. Three different types of soils were collected from Bhopal M.P. . Based on their physical chemical parameters, these were classified as Low Compressibility of soil CL , Medium Compresibility of soil CI , and High Compressibility of soil CH according to IS standards, respectively. The different admixtures QD, MP, and FA, which are abundantly available in quarries and thermal industries, were collected and their physical and engineering properties were determined. Three soil samples were mixed with the admixtures at different ratios and their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined. The trials were conducted with the addition of admixtures ranging from 10 to 40 by weight to Soil 1, Soil2, and Soil 3, and the dry density was obtained. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 1 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 1 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 2 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 2 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 3 QD 80 20 is higher than that of Soil 3 with other admixtures of different ratios. Regarding the Optimum Moisture Content OMC , the variations in OMC for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 are 21 , 24 , and 26 , respectively. Soil 3 has greater OMC to achieve the corresponding Maximum dry density MDD . Water was adsorbed on clay minerals based on the percentage of clay content. Since Soil 3 has higher clay content, the OMC was higher to attain the MDD. From the test results, the best soil and admixture with the best ratio was identified. The best admixture QD was mixed with soil samples, but the proportion was reduced. Then, experiments were carried out by introducing single and double layer geogrid. The swell behaviour of soil, the time settlement, swell pressure, load settlement, and California bearing ratio CBR of the soil with QD at the best reduced ratio were analyzed. The swelling values controlled by t
An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Loose Soil by Using Jute Fiberijtsrd
Stabilization is one of the methods of modifying the properties of a soil to improve its index parameters as well as strength parameters and it can be used for a variety of engineering works. Expansive soil is the major problem for civil engineers, either for construction of road and foundation works by using the stability of soil and reduces the construction cost. soil is stabilized by in objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of Jute fiber on the engineering property optimum moisture content and maximum dry density, plastic limit, liquid limit, compaction, unconfined compressive strength, triaxial and California bearing ratio test of the soil. Jute fiber is most suitable for increasing the strength of the soil and it is eco friendly material. In the present study, the soil samples prepared with the addition of Jute fibers by 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , and 1 the average length of Jute fiber is going to use in this study is approximately 10 15mm. At first, Optimum Moisture Content OMC was determined through the proctor test. At those OMC, several tests like CBR, UCS were conducted. CBR test was carried in both Unsoaked and soaked condition and maximum values were obtained where 0.75 Jute fiber was added. K. Ravi Kanth | K. Deepthi "An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Loose Soil by Using Jute Fiber" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26441.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/26441/an-experimental-study-on-stabilization-of-loose--soil-by-using-jute-fiber/k-ravi-kanth
Geocomposite and its influence in environmentDr. sreeremya S
Stabilization methods utilizing mineral-based materials are routinely availed in the remediation of contaminated land. The selection of appropriate mineral amendments is always an open field for research on the quest for the effective mixing proportions at an affordable cost. Geo synthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) comprises of a thin layer of Na-bentonite clay supported by one or two layers of geo textiles.
In current years a significant increase of the geo-environmental applications for GCLs as contaminant barriers has been performed (Thiel et al., 1993). They have been widely availed in containment applications as part of composite liners for landfills and recently in attenuating metals from mining leachates (Wayne et al., 1998). Based on preliminary invittro research data and a pilot scale application, a new type of geocomposite was designed and trial produced as an innovative, commercial product under the term Geosynthetic Reactive Clay (GRC) for toxic metal retention in contaminated land.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Variability in the physicochemical properties of soils of different land uses form from the same lithology was studied. Soil samples were collected from surface (0 – 20 cm) and subsurface (20 – 40 cm) depths from three land use namely fallow land, continuous cultivated land and mechanic village land. The soils were air dried, sieved with 2 mm sieve and subjected to routine laboratory analysis. Results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Relationship between selected soil properties were determined using correlation analysis. Results showed that the textures of the studied soils were not affected by land use practices. Bulk density increased with increase in depth with fallow land recoding the lowest values of 0.86 g/cm3 (0.-20 cm depth) and 1.06 g/cm3 (20 – 40 cm depth). Land use types significantly (P = 0.05) affected soil chemical properties such as soil pH, soil organic carbon, total N, available P and exchangeable cations with the highest values recorded in fallow land, followed by palm plantation and the least was continuous cultivated land. There were slight variations among soil properties in the three land use types studied. Significant positive and negative correlations existed and some soil properties. Good soil management practices such as organic fertilization, zero tillage and mulching is recommended especially in continuous cultivated lands.
Sequestering soil carbon in the low input farming systems of the semi-arid tr...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Anthony M. Whitbread, from International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics – India, in FAO Hq, Rome
THE MODELING OF SLOPE EROSION RATE BY USING PADDY STRAW FIBERS AS COVER FOR L...IAEME Publication
This research aims to analyze the slope erosion rate by using paddy straw fibers as cover for land surface. This study is testing in the laboratory by using USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) model as a comparison to determine the amount of the reduction of the erosion rate that occurs, both on the land without the covering or covering. Research conducted with 3 variations in the intensity of rain that is 50 mm/hour, 100 mm/hour and 120 mm/hour and use artificial rainfall with a Rainfall Simulator. The results of this research show that the rate of erosion on soil that was given in the form of straw fibers cover layer of the paddy with the covering percentage is 30% dry weight or 38, 7 gr/m2 has decreased when compared with the rate of erosion occurring on the ground without covering.
A Study on Utilization of Admixtures for the Stabilization of Swelling Soilsijtsrd
Rapid urbanization along with the development of large scale industries has created numerous environmental problems. With the reduction of buildable ground, the construction sector has to move to areas with clay soil for expansion, which require soil stabilization. Any construction work over subgrade clay soil is expensive since treatment with various admixtures is required. Civil engineers, structural engineers, architects, and builders have tried many ways to avoid the damaging effects of expansive soils. This study shows that admixtures help reduce the costs of construction on expansive soil as well as the disposal of industrial wastes. Technological advances have made it possible to introduce new technologies in civil engineering for instance, geosynthetics are embedded in the soil to reduce the height of replacement soil. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the methodologies for improving the geotechnical properties of clay soil. Three different types of soils were collected from Bhopal M.P. . Based on their physical chemical parameters, these were classified as Low Compressibility of soil CL , Medium Compresibility of soil CI , and High Compressibility of soil CH according to IS standards, respectively. The different admixtures QD, MP, and FA, which are abundantly available in quarries and thermal industries, were collected and their physical and engineering properties were determined. Three soil samples were mixed with the admixtures at different ratios and their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined. The trials were conducted with the addition of admixtures ranging from 10 to 40 by weight to Soil 1, Soil2, and Soil 3, and the dry density was obtained. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 1 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 1 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 2 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 2 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 3 QD 80 20 is higher than that of Soil 3 with other admixtures of different ratios. Regarding the Optimum Moisture Content OMC , the variations in OMC for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 are 21 , 24 , and 26 , respectively. Soil 3 has greater OMC to achieve the corresponding Maximum dry density MDD . Water was adsorbed on clay minerals based on the percentage of clay content. Since Soil 3 has higher clay content, the OMC was higher to attain the MDD. From the test results, the best soil and admixture with the best ratio was identified. The best admixture QD was mixed with soil samples, but the proportion was reduced. Then, experiments were carried out by introducing single and double layer geogrid. The swell behaviour of soil, the time settlement, swell pressure, load settlement, and California bearing ratio CBR of the soil with QD at the best reduced ratio were analyzed. The swelling values controlled by t
An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Loose Soil by Using Jute Fiberijtsrd
Stabilization is one of the methods of modifying the properties of a soil to improve its index parameters as well as strength parameters and it can be used for a variety of engineering works. Expansive soil is the major problem for civil engineers, either for construction of road and foundation works by using the stability of soil and reduces the construction cost. soil is stabilized by in objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of Jute fiber on the engineering property optimum moisture content and maximum dry density, plastic limit, liquid limit, compaction, unconfined compressive strength, triaxial and California bearing ratio test of the soil. Jute fiber is most suitable for increasing the strength of the soil and it is eco friendly material. In the present study, the soil samples prepared with the addition of Jute fibers by 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , and 1 the average length of Jute fiber is going to use in this study is approximately 10 15mm. At first, Optimum Moisture Content OMC was determined through the proctor test. At those OMC, several tests like CBR, UCS were conducted. CBR test was carried in both Unsoaked and soaked condition and maximum values were obtained where 0.75 Jute fiber was added. K. Ravi Kanth | K. Deepthi "An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Loose Soil by Using Jute Fiber" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26441.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/26441/an-experimental-study-on-stabilization-of-loose--soil-by-using-jute-fiber/k-ravi-kanth
Now-a-days disposal of different wastes materials produced from agricultural and industrial
residuals is a great problem. These materials pose environmental pollution in the nearby locality. As
a result, there has been a trend towards recycling the waste materials into a highway construction
system. Valuable benefits in terms of economic and environmental gains are possible. Two types of
wastes materials, rice husk and sawdust were used to improve the properties of the clayey subgrade
soil. A procedure was adopted to quantify the beneficial effect of subgrade soils stabilization benefits
which base on the extension of pavement service life and reduction in the base course thickness.
Results show that both types of wastes materials helps in great improvement of soil properties as
California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength to use in the construction of highways
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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A Study on Utilization of Admixtures for the Stabilization of Swelling Soils ...ijtsrd
Rapid urbanization along with the development of large scale industries has created numerous environmental problems. With the reduction of buildable ground, the construction sector has to move to areas with claysoil for expansion, which require soil stabilization. Any construction work over subgrade clay soil is expensive since treatment with various admixtures is required. Civil engineers, structural engineers, architects, and builders have tried many ways to avoid the damaging effects of expansive soils. This study shows that admixtures help reduce the costs of construction on expansive soil as well as the disposal of industrial wastes. Technological advances have made it possible to introduce new technologies in civil engineering for instance, geosynthetics are embedded in the soil to reduce the height of replacement soil. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the methodologies for improving the geotechnical properties of clay soil. Three different types of soils were collected from Bhopal M.P. . Based on their physical chemical parameters, these were classified as Low Compressibility of soil CL , Medium Compresibility of soil CI , and High Compressibility of soil CH according to IS standards, respectively. The different admixtures QD, MP, and FA, which are abundantly available in quarries and thermal industries, were collected and their physical and engineering properties were determined. Three soil samples were mixed with the admixtures at different ratios and their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined. The trials were conducted with the addition of admixtures ranging from 10 to 40 by weight to Soil 1, Soil2, and Soil 3, and the dry density was obtained. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 1 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 1 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 2 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 2 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 3 QD 80 20 is higher than that of Soil 3 with other admixtures of different ratios. Regarding the Optimum Moisture Content OMC , the variations in OMC for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 are 21 , 24 , and 26 , respectively. Soil 3 has greater OMC to achieve the corresponding Maximum dry density MDD . Water was adsorbed on clay minerals based on the percentage of clay content. Since Soil 3 has higher clay content, the OMC was higher to attain the MDD. From the test results, the best soil and admixture with the best ratio was identified. The best admixture QD was mixed with soil samples, but the proportion was reduced. Then, experiments were carried out by introducing single and double layer geogrid. The swell behaviour of soil, the time settlement, swell pressure, load settlement, and California bearing ratio CBR of the soil with QD at the best reduced ratio were analyzed. The swelling values controlled by th
Stabilization Analysis of Black Cotton Soil by using Groundnut Shell AshKrunal Thanki
Black Cotton soil is fertile and very good for agriculture, horticulture, sericulture and aquaculture. Though black cotton soils are very good for agricultural purposes, they are not so good for laying durable roads.The study is a potential stabilization of black cotton soils in Gujarat state using Groundnut Shell ash. Index properties of the natural soil showed that, the soil is a poor for engineering use. Liquid limit and Plasticity index values of 83.36 % and 89.32 % respectively for the natural soil suggest that the soil is highly plastic. There was gradual decrease in the free swell to a minimum value of 2.91% at 10% GSA (Groundnut Shell Ash) as compared to the natural value of 15.25%. The soaked CBR for the natural soil is 1.67% which increased to 2.17% at 10% GSA. This value fell short of specification requirement of the CBR value to be used as sub-base or base material. However, there was increase in strength for UCS of 21 days curing period from a value of 134kN/m2 as compared to 313kN/m2 for the unstabilized soil. This research is aimed at evaluating the possibility of utilizing groundnut shell ash (GSA) in the stabilization of black cotton soils.
Paper 3 using mixture of grit and mature compost as bulking agent- 15 jan 2012Helalley Helalley
Co-composting of primary sewage sludge with matured compost, together with grit and sand
was carried out to solve the problem of grit and sand disposal, this technique improved the
sludge composting efficiency and the final compost quality
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
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Rice straw geotextile as ground cover for soil erosion mitigation
1. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy
www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
Rice Straw Geotextile As Ground Cover ForSoil Erosion
Mitigation
Rolando P. Javellonar1*, Victorino T. Taylan2, Ireneo C. Agulto2, Teresito G. Aguinaldo2
Emmanuel V. Sicat2 and Helen F. Gavino2
1
Northwestern University, Laoag City, Philippines
2
Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
*Email address of corresponding author: rollyjavellonar@yahoo.com
Abstract
Generally, the study aimed to mitigate soil erosion using rice straw geotextile as ground cover. Specifically, it
attempted to: evaluate the effect of RSM and RSN as ground cover in mitigating soil erosion at varying slope
gradients and different rainfall intensities, and; determine the relationship of slope gradient versus sediment
concentration, sediment yield and quantity of soil loss at different levels of rainfall intensity. Results revealed
that RSGT as ground cover greatly affected soil erosion. Under rainfall intensities of 75, 100 and 125 mm/hr,
RSM had significantly lower soil loss as compared to RSN, CCN And NGC. However, RSN and CCN were
comparable with each other but differ significantly with NGC. Sediment concentration, sediment yield and soil
erosion exhibited a nonlinear relationship with slope gradient. At any given level of rainfall intensity, the three
indicators increased correspondingly as the slope was increased from 10 to 35 o and then declined when the
slope was further increased from 35 to 60 o.
Sediment concentration best fitted (R2 = 0.977) in a quadratic model in the form of a second-degree polynomial
equation:
SC = 0.551 + 0.626S - 0.008S2
Likewise, observed sediment yield best fitted (R2 = 0.954) a second degree polynomial equation as expressed by
a quadratic model:
SY = 356.0 + 61.70S – 0.972S2
Moreover, the observed soil erosion was best modeled with R2 = 97.1% confidence by a second degree
polynomial equation. The regression model is quadratic in form and is given by the equation:
SE = 68.92 + 11.11S - 0.174S2.
Keywords: rice straw, geotextile, ground cover, soil erosion, mitigation, rainfall simulation
1. Introduction
The Philippines is basically an agricultural country which is very rich in agro-waste resources. One of the most
abundant and readily available agro-waste resources in the country is rice straw. Elauria et al. (1999) reported
that the country generated a volume of about 18.52 billion kilograms of rice straw annually. Most farmers
consider rice straw as nuisance in the field because it does not rot easily, thus causes obstruction during farm
operations. Hence, farmers resorted to open field burning as an easy means of disposal. However, burning of rice
straws emit green house gases (GHG) and pollutes the atmosphere (Magcale-Macandog, 2007).
Rice straw can be recycled into geotextile like rice straw mat (RSM) and rice straw net (RSN) to enhance its
economic potential and environmental importance. Rice straw geotextiles (RSGT) can be utilized as ground
cover for slope stabilization and erosion control. Smets (2009) reported that RSGTs are the most effective
geotextiles in reducing runoff and soil loss.
Rice straw mat and net are biodegrable, environmentally and eco-friendly material as ground cover for erosion
control. When used as ground cover, it will not only stabilize the top soil but also helps in the stablishment of
vegetation for surface cover and improves soil physical structure and condition when decomposed into organic
matter. Most importantly, the development of this technology will open a new opportunity to small farmers as
they can sell their rice straw to augment their income. Farmers can also process their rice straw as form of
livelihood project, thus, creating jobs in the rural areas.
Generally, the study aimed to mitigate soil erosion using rice straw geotextile as ground cover. Specifically, it
attempted to: (1) evaluate the effect of RSM and RSN as ground cover in mitigating soil erosion and compare it
with coco coir net and bare plot at different rainfall intensities and; (2) determine the relationship of slope
gradient versus sediment concentration, sediment yield and quantity of soil erosion at different levels of rainfall
intensity.
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2. Review of Literature
Experimental evidence showed that soil loss can be greatly reduced by good maintenance of surface cover. The
use of wire gauze or mosquito netting a short distance above the soil surface was found to reduce erosion to
about one hundreth of its value on unprotected bare soil (Hudson, 1981). A ground cover of mulch is very
effective in controlling erosion. With straw or crop residue mulches of 5 t/ha, soil losses become small, while at
1 to 2 t/ha can still have substantial effects (Lal, 1976). Barfield et al. (1977) further stressed that dense mulches
and grasses can also be used to slow run-off to induce deposition and filter out sediment. On an agricultural plot
on a 20 to 25-degree slope, erosion was kept to well below 1 t/ha/yr by cover-based management, including
mulching with weeds and crop residues (Lundgren, 1980).
Other technique employed in mitigating soil erosion is the application of bioengineering method with the use of
live materials, specifically plant parts like cuttings, roots and stems, which serve as the main structural and
mechanical elements in a slope protection system (Schiechtl, 1985). The use of biodegrable geotextile in
controlling soil erosion is widely accepted being cheap, environment and eco-friendly.
In a simulation study conducted by Bergado et al. (2008), they found that coco coir geotextile is very effective at
30 and 40-degree slope gradients under rainfall intensity of 125 mm hr -1 as it surpassed the 80% threshold level
for geotextile effectiveness. Berboso et al. (2008) reported similar result on the effectiveness of coco coir
geotextile combined with hydroseeding. They claimed that at rainfall intensity of 120 mm hr -1 and slope of 65O,
soil erosion was reduced by 97.7%.
3. Method
3.1 Preparation Rice Straw Geotextile
Both the RSM and RSN used in the study were prepared manually. Rice straw mat with thickness of 4.1 mm is a
non-woven mat made of individual grid of straw interlaid with each other at random direction. It was was bound
using rubber latex as binder (Figure 1a). Likewise, rice straw net is a geotextile made of rice straw. It was first
made into twine approximately 3.6 mm in diameter by spinning two or more straws. After which, two twines
were spinned together to form a rope. Finally, the straw rope was weaved into net with mesh opening of 20x20
mm (Figure 1b).
The other geotextile used in the study was coco coir net (CCN). It is a commercial geotextile used to compare
the performance of RSM and RSN as erosion control material. A sample of CCN with thickness and mesh
opening of 10 mm and 20x20 mm, respectively is shown in Figure 1c.
a
b
c
Figure 1. Different geotextiles used in the study: a) rice straw mat, b) rice
straw net and, c) coco coir net
3.2 Evaluation of Rice Straw Geotextile
Evaluation of RSM and RSN was undertaken using a rainfall simulator developed by Maruto Testing Machine
Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. The soil test box used had a dimensions of 40 x 20 x 10 cm and can be tilted to a desired
angle of inclination (Figure 2). Through out the test, sandy loam soil was used as sample.
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a
b
c
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the soil test box illustrating a decreasein the horizontal
distance (Dh) as the angle of inclination was increasesed to a) 10o, b) 35o and
c) 60o.
3.3 Treatments
Rice straw mat and RSN were evaluated alongside with coco coir net (CCN) and no ground cover (NGC) as
treatment arranged in three separate set-ups. Each set-up was subjected into three different simulated storm
intensities of 75 mm/hr for 23 minutes, 100 mm/hr for 12-minutes and 125 mm/hr for only 6 minutes.
The treatments were as follows:
A.
Main Factor: Slope Gradient (S)
S1= 10o
S2= 35o
S3= 60o
B. Sub-Factor: Geotextile (GT)
GT1 – RSM as ground cover
GT2 – RSN as ground cover
GT3 – CCN as ground cover - check
GT4 - NGC – control
3.4 Data Analysis
Data gathered was analyzed in split-plot design with three replications. Comparison among treatment means to
identify any differences if found significant in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done using the Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
Different regression analyses were likewise employed to determine the relationship between slope gradient
versus sediment concentration, sediment yield and soil erosion at different level of rainfall intensity.
3.5 Collection of Runoff
During the simulation process, runoff was allowed to flow and collected at the downstream end of the soil test
box by means of a polyethylene (PE) bag pinned to the edge of the wooden test box (Figure 3).
The collected runoff was first weighed after which, it was allowed to stand overnight in order for the sediment to
precipitate at the bottom. The sediment was separated and collected through filtration using a silk cloth. Filtered
sediment was air dried then oven dried to 105 oC for 10 hours to determine the sediment concentration, sediment
yield, and amount of soil erosion.
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Figure 3. Polyethylene plastic bags
3.6 Performance Indicators
In order to assess the technical feasibility of the rice straw mat and rice straw net, the following performance
indicators were determined:
3.6.1 Sediment Concentration (SC) – it is the ratio of the mass of the oven-dried sediment collected per soil test
box to the volume of runoff (water + sediment) collected on the same soil box. Sediment concentration was
calculated using the ASCE (2008) equation:
Sm
SC = ------------Wv
(1)
where, SC = sediment concentration, g/L
Sm = mass of oven-dried sediment collected, g
Wv = volume of water collected, L
3.6.2 Sediment Yield (SY) - it reflects the total amount of erosion over a specific area at a given time. In this
particular study, it is the mass of the oven-dried sediment collected over the area of the soil test box and duration
of simulation. It was estimated using the formula adopted by Berboso, et al. (2008) as cited by Junio, et al.
(2009).
Sm
SY = ------------Abt
(2)
where, SY = sediment yield, g m2-hr
Sm = mass of oven-dried sediment collected, g
Ab = area of soil test box, m2
t = duration of simulation, hr
3.6.3 Amount of soil erosion (SE) – is the total amount of soil erosion or loss generated from a given watershed.
In this experiment, the amount of soil loss is the difference between the total runoff collected from the soil test
box and runoff water from the same soil test box. The amount of soil erosion (oven-dried) is calculated using the
following expression:
SE = ROt – Row
(3)
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where, SE = amount of soil erosion (oven-dried), g/cc
ROt = total runoff collected/soil test box, g/cc
Row = total runoff water collected/soil test box, g/cc
4. Results
4.1 Soil Erosion Under Different Rainfall Intensities
Table 1 shows the main and interaction effects of slope gradient and geotextile. It can be noted that RSM
registered the lowest soil erosion at rainfall intensities of 75 and 100 mm/hr, followed by RSN, CCN and NGC
or bare plot. At 125 mm/hr rainfall, RSM had also the lowest soil erosion followed by CCN, RSN and NGC. As
to the main effect of slope gradient, lowest soil erosion at all levels of rainfall was noted at 60 o slope gradient
followed by 10 and 35o.
On the other hand, the interaction effects of geotextile and slope gradient were observed to be higher at 75
mm/hr rainfall while lower interaction effects were noted at 125 mm/hr rainfall.
Table 1. Soil erosion as affected by different geotextiles and varying levels of slope gradient under different
rainfall intensities, g/m2
SLOPE
TREATMENT
MEAN
degree
RSM
RSN
CCN
NGC
(S)
10
27.33t
47.0uv
655.33y
197.92b
35
48.0uv
88.33w
95.67w
882.0z
278.50a
60
21.67t
34.33tu
33.67tu
506.33x
149.00c
MEAN (GT)
32.33i
56.55j
63.78j
681.22k
I1 = 75 mm/hr
62.0v
I2 = 100 mm/hr
10
25.67w
43.33w
45.0w
512.0y
156.50b
35
35.33w
64.67w
63.67w
871.0z
258.67a
60
17.67w
28.0w
28.0w
325.0x
99.67c
MEAN (GT)
26.22i
45.33j
45.56j
569.33k
I3 = 125 mm/hr
10
15.0w
35.67w
36.67w
447.0y
133.59b
35
20.67w
43.67w
42.33w
678.33z
196.25a
60
13.0w
25.67w
24.0w
252.0x
78.67c
MEAN (GT)
16.22i
35.00j
34.33j
459.11k
4.2 Relationship of Slope Gradient vs. Sediment Concentration
The relationship between slope gradient and sediment concentration is shown in Figure 4. Regression analysis
indicated that sediment concentration best fitted (R2 = 0.977) in a quadratic model in the form of a second-degree
polynomial equation. That is,
SC = 0.551 + 0.626S - 0.008S2
where: SC = predicted sediment concentration, g/L
S = slope gradient, degree
(4)
while 0.551 is the intercept of the line on the Y-axis as the predicted amount of sediment concentration when the
slope is equal to zero, while 0.626 and -0.008 are the amount of change in sediment concentration for every unit
change in slope.
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Figure 4. Relationship of slope gradient vs. sediment concentration.
4.3 Relationship of Slope Gradient vs. Sediment Yield
Regression analysis showed nonlinear relationship between sediment yield and slope gradient (Figure 5). The
nonlinear pattern of the observed sediment yield best fitted (R 2 = 0.954) a second degree polynomial equation as
expressed by the quadratic model:
SY = 356.0 + 61.70S – 0.972S2
where: SY = predicted sediment yield, g/m2-hr
S = slope gradient, degree
(5)
while 356.0 is the intercept of the line on the Y-axis as the forecasted amount of sediment yield when slope is
equal to zero, 61.70 and -0.972 are the first and second degree slope of the line, respectively, or the amount of
change in sediment yield for every unit change in slope.
Figure 5. Relationship of slope gradient vs. sediment yield.
4.4 Relationship of Slope Gradient vs. Soil Erosion
Figure 6 shows a nonlinear relationship between slope gradient and soil erosion. The observed soil erosion was
best modeled with R2 = 97.1% confidence by a second degree polynomial equation. The regression model is
quadratic in form and is given by the equation:
SE = 68.92 + 11.11S - 0.174S2
where: SE = predicted soil erosion, g/m2
S = slope gradient, degree
(6)
while 68.92 is the intercept of the line on the Y-axis and represents the modeled soil erosion at zero slope, 11.11
and -0.174 are the amount of change in soil erosion for every unit change in slope gradient.
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Figure 6. Relationship of slope gradient vs. soil erosion.
5. Discussion
5.1 Effect on Soil Erosion Under Different Rainfall Intensities
Soil erosion was significantly affected by the main effects of slope gradient. At all levels of rainfall intensity,
significantly higher soil erosion was observed at slope gradient of 35o (Table 1). On the contrary, significantly
lower soil erosion was noted at the highest slope gradient of 60 o.
The significantly lower soil loss at higher slope gradient could be attributed to the differences in the horizontal
surface distance of the soil test box. When the slope gradient was increased, the corresponding horizontal surface
area decreased as a result of decreased in horizontal surface distance (Figure 2). And when the horizontal surface
area was decreased, less rainfall will be intercepted resulting in lower runoff and eventually lower soil loss.
The main effects of geotextile as surface cover on soil erosion were highly significant. Regardless of the
intensity of rainfall applied, soil test box covered with RSM yielded significantly lower soil loss as compared
with the rest of the treatments (Table 1). However, RSN and CCN were comparable with each other but differs
significantly with NGC.
The significantly lower soil loss under RSM could be attributed to the effect of its higher percentage of surface
cover. Geotextile with higher percentage of ground cover is more effective in intercepting and reducing the
impact action and erosive power of falling raindrops which is responsible in detaching and splashing soil
particles. The results indicate and agree with Sutherland and Ziegler (2007) which states that geotextiles with
less open space are the most effective design.
On the other hand, the interaction effects of slope gradient and geotextile on the parameter being investigated at
all levels of rainfall intensity were found to be highly significant. Lowest soil erosion (13.0 g/m2) was noted on
soil test box covered with RSM and inclined to 60 degrees under rainfall intensity of 125 mm/hr while the
highest soil loss (882.0 g/m2) was observed under NGC or bare plot tilted at 35 degrees and 75 mm/hr rainfall
(Table 1).
5.2 Slope Gradient vs. Sediment Concentration
A nonlinear relationship between slope gradient and sediment concentration was observed. That is, at a lower
slope gradient of 10o, average sediment concentration was likewise lower. When the slope gradient was
increased to 35o, average sediment concentration increased correspondingly. However, when the slope gradient
was further increased to 60o, a corresponding decrease in sediment concentration was noted. The observed
decreased in sediment concentration could be attributed to the smaller horizontal surface area of the soil test box
when tilted to higher slope gradient of 60o.
In addition, the nonlinear relationship could be due to the differences in slope gradient. At lower slope of 10
degrees, the elevation is nearly flat, therefore the velocity of surface runoff is also slow. When the velocity is
slow, shear stress which may cause detachment of soil particles could also be low. Therefore, when the velocity
of runoff is slow, little amount of sediment can only be transported downslope.
5.3 Slope Gradient vs. Sediment Yield
At 10-degree slope gradient, the generated mean sediment yield was 875.80 g/m2-hr, but went up progressively
to 1,323.98 g/m2-hr when the slope was increased to 35 degrees (Figure 5).
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However, as the slope gradient was further increased to 60 degrees, a remarkable decline in the average sediment
yield of 556.09 g/m2-hr was noted. Therefore, even if the velocity of surface runoff is expected to increase
rapidly at a 60-degree slope inclination, there is a probability that the amount of runoff that can be generated is
lesser, and eventually lesser amount of sediment is generated. This statement corroborates the findings of Fan
and Wu (1999) that sediment yield at steeper slope was less than at the milder slope.
5.4 Slope Gradient vs. Soil Erosion
A nonlinear relationship between slope gradient and soil erosion was observed. That is, at a lower slope gradient
of 10o, average soil erosion was likewise lower. When the slope gradient was increased to 35 o, average soil
erosion correspondingly. However, when the slope gradient was further increased to 60 o, a corresponding
decrease in soil erosion was noted. The observed decreased in soil erosion could be attributed to the smaller
horizontal surface area of the soil test box when tilted to higher slope gradient of 60 o. This observation agrees
with the theory on “erosion as function of slope” adapted from Pierce (1987) as cited by Anthoni (2000) which
states that, erosion increases rapidly with slope, then declines after reaching a certain slope, as in this case, at 35degree slope.
6. Conclusion
1. At any given level of slope gradient under different storm intensity, RSM and RSN were found to be effective
in controlling soil erosion.
2. Under rainfall intensities of 75, 100 and 125 mm/hr, RSM had significantly lower soil loss as compared to
RSN, CCN and NGC. However, RSN and CCN were comparable with each other but differ significantly with
NGC.
3. The main and interaction effects of slope and geotaxtile on the different parameters tested were highly
significant.
4. Generally, the relationships of slope gradient vs. sediment concentration, sediment yield and soil loss were
found to be nonlinear and can be predicted by a quadratic model in the form of equation: y = a + bx + cx 2.
Acknowledgements
The senior author would like to express his profound gratitude to the following government agencies:
(a) Department of Science and Technology-Engineering Research and Development for Technology (DOSTERDT) for the financial support; (b) the Project Management Office – Flood Control and Sabo Engineering
Center (PMO - FCSEC) of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) for the use of their
hydraulic laboratory facilities and; (c) Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) for the soil analysis.
Sincerest thanks is also extended to Northwestern University for allowing the senior author to work on this
research project on official time.
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sediment transport from hillslopes. Geomorphology Laboratory, Department of Geography, University
of Hawaii,2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822-2223, USA.
Notes
Note 1. Rice straw geotextile like RSM and RSN can be a good substitute to CCN as erosion control material as
proven by the data gathered at varying levels of slope gradients under different rainfall intensities.
Note 2. Rice straw mat and RSN should be evaluated under actual field condition alongside CCN to verify the
results of simulation study.
203
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