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Rhythm&Lakshyaraj.pptx The brief history of computers
- 1. Made By- RhythmSolanki & Lakshyaraj
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- 4. 1834 1943 1946 Introduction The evolution ofcomputers can be traced through five distinct generations. Each generation was defined by major technological advancements in hardware and software, which made computers progressively faster, smaller, and more powerful.. Pre-Computer
- 5. more powerful.. Pre-Computer Devices Before electroniccomputers, early calculating devices like the abacus, invented around 2700 BC, and Pascal’s Calculator from 1652, helped shape the computation landscape. Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, developed in 1834. 1834 1943 1946 1959
- 6. 1834. First Generation (1946–1959) The firstgeneration of computers relied on vacuum tubes for circuitry and memory. These machines were massive in size, produced heat, and were slow. They operated using machine language. Computers such as ENIAC, UNIVAC, and IBM- 701typified this generation 1834 1943 1946 1959 1965
- 7. Second Generation (1959–1965) During thesecond generation, computers switched from vacuum tubes to transistors. Magnetic core was used as memory and magnetic tape or disks for storage. IBM 1620 and UNIVAC 1108 are some important examples of this era. 1943 1946 1959 1965 1971
- 8. Third Generation (1965–1971) The thirdgeneration of computers saw the adoption of integrated circuits, further reducing size and improving reliability. High-level programming languages such as BASIC, ALGOL, and FORTRAN IV gained popularity. Eg-IBM-360 series, PDP-8, and the Honeywell- 6000 series. Fourth Generation 1946 1959 1965 1971 1980
- 9. 6000 series. Fifth Generation FourthGeneration (1971–1980) Microprocessors with Very large scale Integration (VLSI) technology characterized the fourth generation. This era saw the introduction of personal computers (PCs), which were compact, affordable, portable. Internet emerged during this time, and high-level languages like C and C++ were developed. 1959 1965 1971 1980 2025
- 10. Fifth Generation (1980–Present) Fifth generationcomputers utilize Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) technology, artificial intelligence, and parallel processing capabilities. They are extremely fast, small, and cheap with high storage capacities, expert systems and programming languages like C++, Java, and .NET have flourished in this era. 2025 Onwards: The Future of 1965 1971 1980 2025 Future
- 11. 2025 Onwards: TheFuture of Computers From 2025 onwards, computers are evolving beyond the fifth generation into an era defined by quantum computing, advanced artificial intelligence, and neuromorphic systems. Quantum computers, using qubits instead of traditional bits, promise exponential increases in computational speed and the ability to solve complex problems previously deemed impossible. Impact of Computer 1971 1980 2025 Future
- 12. Impact of Computer Generations Eachtransition brought improvements in: • Speed and efficiency • Size and portability • Cost and accessibility • Software capabilities. • Energy consumption and environmental impact. • Connectivity and communication. Impact of Computer Generations Each transition brought improvements in: • Speed and efficiency • Size and portability • Cost and accessibility • Software capabilities. • Energy consumption and environmental impact. • Connectivity and communication. 1980 2025 Future
- 13. Computers with ArtificialIntelligence (AI) From the late 20th century onwards, computers have increasingly integrated artificial intelligence, allowing them to perform tasks that require human-like reasoning, learning, and decision-making. AI-powered computers can recognize speech, process natural language, analyze big data, and make predictions in real time. Modern applications include smart assistants (like Siri and Alexa), self-driving vehicles, and advanced robotics. 1980 2025 Future
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