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Steve
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Friedman
Shareholder
and
Cochair
of
the
Employee
Benefits
Prac<ce
Group
Li$ler
Mendelson
Re6rement
Plans
Under
A:ack
by
Plan
Par6cipants
and
Government
Agencies:
An
Ac6on
Plan
for
Employers
6. Re6rement
Plans
Under
A:ack
by
Plan
Par6cipants
and
Government
Agencies
–
An
Ac<on
Plan
for
Employers
Steven
J.
Friedman
•
New
York
7. Current
Regulatory
Environment
–
IRS
Employee
Plans
Examina<on
Program
IRS
imposes
monetary
sanc<ons
on
employer
plan
sponsors
for:
• Failure
to
operate
401(k)/403(b)
plans
in
accordance
with
Internal
Revenue
Code
requirements
• Failure
to
follow
the
terms
of
the
plan
documents
even
if
plan
opera<on
is
within
compliance
with
Internal
Revenue
Code
requirements
8. Issuance
of
IRS
Revenue
Procedures
establishing
Employee
Plans
Compliance
Resolu<on
System:
• Requires
review
of
internal
controls
to
qualify
for
IRS
self-‐
correc<on
program
and
mi<gate
the
amount
of
IRS
monetary
sanc<ons
• Sanc<ons
imposed
by
IRS
on
audit
even
if
failures
are
uninten6onal
discrepancies
between
plan
opera<on
and
plan
documents
that
result
in
no
harm
to
plan
par<cipants
• Sanc<ons
are
based
on
a
percentage
of
plan
assets
and
can
be
quite
substan<al
Current
Regulatory
Environment
–
IRS
Employee
Plans
Examina<on
Program
9. Current
Regulatory
Environment
–
IRS
Employee
Plans
Examina<on
Program
Substan<al
increase
in
enforcement
ac<vi<es:
• Significant
increase
in
number
of
audits
in
the
last
several
years
• IRS
audits
have
well
exceeded
11,000
• Significant
changes
to
IRS
Plan
Determina<on
Program
• IRS
examina<on
ac<vi<es
increases
importance
of
annual
review
of
internal
controls
to
qualify
for
self-‐correc<on
10. Current
Regulatory
Environment
–
IRS
Employee
Plans
Examina<on
Program
Closing
agreement
=
sanc6ons
and
fines
in
addi6on
to
IRS
required
correc6ons
Fact:
every
re<rement
plan
has
disqualifying
defects
11. DOL
Inves<ga<ons
Focus
on
• Timeliness
of
Contribu<ons
• Expenses
– Should
they
be
paid
by
the
plan?
– Are
they
too
high?
– Vendor
Choices
• Services
• Fiduciary
Prac<ces
– Commiee
Mee<ngs
– Minutes
of
Mee<ngs
– Investment
Policy
– Costs
of
Investments
– RFPs/RFIs
– Confiden<ality
Policy
(Employer
Stock
Funds)
– Vendor
Contracts
• Disclosures
– SPDs/SMMs
– Summary
Annual
Reports
– Fees/Services
– Mapping/Blackout
– QDIAs
– Auto
enrollment
12. Screening
Reviews
• Replicate
IRS
and
DOL
Audits
• Discover
Defects
• Adopt
Best
Prac<ces
• U<lize
IRS
and
DOL
Voluntary
Correc<on
Programs
• It
is
best
accomplished
through
an
independent
PRIVILEGED
legal
review
that
affords
protec<on
13. 401(k)/403(b)
Plan
Screening
Review
The
Opera<onal
Screening
Review
would
cover
one
or
more
problem
areas,
for
example:
– Plan
eligibility
and
entry
(with
a
focus
on
re-‐hires)
– Automa<c
Enrollment/Increase
– Limits
on
elec<ve
deferrals
– Timely
deposits
of
par<cipant
contribu<ons
– Alloca<on
of
employer
and
matching
contribu<ons
– Nondiscrimina<on
tes<ng
and
controlled
group
– Par<cipant
loans
and
hardship
withdrawals,
and
plan
distribu<ons
– Composi<on
of
eligible
compensa<on
– Spousal
consent
– 5500
Repor<ng
– Corporate
ac<on
and
Plan
governance
14. 401(k)/403(b)
Plan
Screening
Review
• Gather
all
Plan
documenta<on
• Interview
company
employees
who
administer
the
Plan
to
make
sure
they’re
following
the
Plan;
if
necessary
conduct
training
• Review
vendor
contracts
and
interview
vendors
for
compliance
with
the
Plan
documents
• Review
Par<cipant
disclosures
and
enrollment
materials
• Review
Plan
procedures
for
compliance
with
the
law
(e.g.,
are
all
required
no<ces
being
given)
• Do
some
sample
tes<ng
of
par<cipant
records
(e.g.,
look
at
plan
loans
processed
over
the
last
year
or
two)
• Correct
any
errors
15. Plan
Draeing
and
Opera<on
–
Top
10
Errors
1. Automa<c
Enrollment/Automa<c
Increase
– No<ces
– QDIA
2. Compensa<on
– Overstated
– Understated
3. Eligibility
of
Employees
– Too
early
– Too
late
– Ineligible
Altogether
4. Employee
Exclusions
– Non
Discrimina<on
pigalls
– Seasonal,
part-‐<me,
per
diem
5. Ves<ng
– Elapsed
<me
or
hours
pigalls
16. Plan
Draeing
and
Opera<on
–
Top
10
Errors
6. Forfeitures
– Timing
– Reduce
or
reallocate
7. Safe
Harbor
Contribu<ons
– No<ces
– Alloca<ons
– Amendments
8. In-‐Service
Distribu<ons
– Loans
– Hardship
– Illiquid
assets
9. Distribu<on
Types
– Lump
Sum
– Installment
10. Matching
True-‐up
17. IRS
Voluntary
Correc<ons
• Self-‐Correc<on
Program
– Insignificant
failures
– Significant
failures
if
corrected
quickly
enough
• Voluntary
Correc<on
Program
– Significant
failures
– Retroac<ve
plan
amendment
18. Who
are
the
Plan
Fiduciaries?
• If
any
of
the
following
–
– Discre<onary
responsibility
for
administra<on
– Exercises
discre<onary
authority
or
control
over
plan
assets
– Provides
investment
advice
for
a
fee
• DOL’s
expansion
of
fiduciaries
19. Iden<fying
the
ERISA
Fiduciary
• Named
fiduciary
–
a
fiduciary
who
is
named
in
the
plan
document
or
who,
pursuant
to
a
procedure
specified
in
the
plan,
is
iden<fied
as
a
fiduciary.
Common
named
fiduciaries
are
the
sponsoring
employer
and
the
employer’s
board
of
directors.
• Deemed
fiduciary
–
an
individual
or
en<ty
that
performs
a
fiduciary
func<on
regardless
of
whether
such
individual
or
en<ty
is
actually
named
as
a
fiduciary
– For
late
deferrals,
this
would
be
the
person
who
approves
the
ACH
transfer
of
contribu<ons
to
the
trust
or
signs
the
contribu<on
check
20. Fiduciary
Func<ons
• Plan
administra<on,
including
claims
• Plan
investments
• Plan
expenses
paid
from
plan
assets
• Selec<on
and
monitoring
persons
performing
fiduciary
du<es
• Par<cipant
communica<ons
21. Which
Hat
Are
You
Wearing?
• ERISA
allows
employers
to
wear
“two
hats”
• It
is
important
to
know
which
hat
you
are
wearing
because
ERISA’s
fiduciary
rules
may
apply
22. Which
Hat
Are
You
Wearing?
Selor
• Plan
Design
• Amendment
or
Termina<on
• Employee
Communica<ons
about
corporate
issues
• Aorney-‐Client
Privilege
applies
Fiduciary
• Plan
Administra<on
• Implementa<on
of
Amendment/Termina<on
• Holding/Inves<ng
Plan
Assets
• Appoin<ng
a
fiduciary
• Par<cipant
Communica<ons
• Aorney-‐client
privilege
may
not
apply
23. General
ERISA
Fiduciary
Du<es
• Exclusive
Benefit
Duty
• Prudent
Person
Duty
• Diversifica<on
Duty
• Plan
Adherence
Duty
• Disclosure
Duty
• Duty
to
Monitor
• Co-‐Fiduciary
Liability
24. How
the
Commiee
Implements
Procedural
Prudence
• Selec<on
of
providers
• Request
compe<ng
bids
from
service
providers
• Evaluate
creden<als
and
capabili<es
• Understand
compensa<on
arrangement
• Evaluate
contract
terms
for
reasonableness
(e.g.,
termina<on
penal<es)
• Check
references
• Regularly
monitor
and
adjust
when
appropriate
25. Diversifica<on
Requirement:
Fiduciary
Protec4on
• ERISA
Sec<on
404(c)
provides
some
fiduciary
relief
for
investment
losses
resul<ng
from
par<cipant
elec<ons
in
par<cipant
directed
plans
• Plan
which
complies
with
ERISA
Sec<on
404(c):
– Opportunity
to
Control:
Par<cipant
must
be
provided
an
opportunity
to
control
assets
of
his
or
her
individual
account
– Diversified
Choice:
Par<cipant
must
be
en<tled
to
choose
from
a
broad
range
of
diversified
investment
alterna<ves
– Actual
Control:
Par<cipant
must
actually
exercise
independent
control
26. Managing
Fiduciary
Responsibility
Plan
Commiee
Opera<on
• Set
a
structure
for
opera<ons,
such
as
guidelines
for
reviewing
investment
alterna<ves
or
for
handling
claims
• Select
service
providers
to
assist
with
Commiee
func<ons
(e.g.,
investment
advisor,
accountant,
fiduciary
advisor)
• Determine
how
plan-‐related
expenses
will
be
evaluated
and,
if
permied
under
the
plan,
paid
out
of
plan
assets
• Set
up
regular
mee<ngs
• Set
up
procedure
for
documen<ng
all
mee<ngs
held
and
ac<ons
taken
and
providing
minutes
to
monitoring
fiduciary
27. Breach
of
Fiduciary
Rules
Protec<ons
from
Fiduciary
Liability
• Monitor
other
fiduciaries/
service
providers
• Conduct
plan
self-‐screening
reviews
• U<lize
IRS/DOL
compliance
programs
to
correct
plan
and
fiduciary
failures
when
they
occur
• Procure
liability
coverage
for
fiduciaries
28. DOL
Voluntary
Correc<on
Programs
• Voluntary
Fiduciary
Correc<on
Program
– Online
calculator
• Delinquent
Filer
Program
– Large
Plans
– Small
Plans
29. Recent
Li<ga<on
• 401(k)
Fee
Cases
– ERISA
breach
of
fiduciary
duty
lawsuits
were
filed
against
large
publicly
traded
companies
and
several
401(k)
service
providers
30. Recent
Li<ga<on
• The
suits
included
a
variety
of
allega<ons,
including:
– Fees
and
expenses
paid
by
the
plans
were
unreasonable
– Plan
fiduciaries
failed
to
monitor
the
fees
and
expenses,
and
did
not
understand
the
fees
– Plan
fiduciaries
failed
to
properly
disclose
fees
– Plan
fiduciaries
failed
to
select
lowest
investment
class
– Plan
fiduciaries
were
conflicted
– Plan
fiduciaries
failed
to
have
procedures
to
properly
iden<fy,
review,
and
monitor
fees
and
expenses
31. What
to
Do
to
Prevent
Errors?
• Communicate
with
Vendors
• Communicate
within
organiza<on
(Payroll/HR/Legal)
• Read
and
Retain
Documents
and
Contracts
• Review
Regularly
– Plan
Document
and
Opera<on
Review
– Fiduciary
Compliance
Review
32. Fiduciary
Compliance
Review
A
Fiduciary
Compliance
Review
would
examine:
– Prudent
selec<on
and
monitoring
of
plan
investments
– “Reasonable”
Plan
fees
and
costs
– Par<cipant
disclosures
and
communica<ons
– Timely
deposits
of
par<cipant
contribu<ons
– Poten<al
conflicts
of
Company
and
plan
interests
– Plan
governance
and
procedural
due
diligence
– Adequacy
of
fidelity
bonds,
fiduciary
liability
insurance,
and
indemnifica<ons
33. Fiduciary
Compliance
Review
• Review
Plan
documenta<on
(i.e.,
including
the
“boilerplate”)
to
determine
who
does
what
• Iden<fy
all
the
Plan
fiduciaries
and
their
intended
func<ons
• Make
sure
all
delega<ons
are
in
place
• Interview
fiduciaries
who
are
Company
employees
to
make
sure
they’re
doing
what
they’re
supposed
to
do
(especially
payroll)
• Establish
and
conduct
periodic
fiduciary
training
• Review
vendor
contracts
for
extent
of
fiduciary
liability
• Interview
third-‐party
service
providers
(e.g.,
investment
managers)
for
compliance
with
the
Plan
• Review
Plan
fiduciary
mee<ngs
and
minutes
for
adherence
to
DOL
guidance
• Correct
any
errors
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