Retail Industry Essay Examples

Retail Industry Essay examples
University of Technology, Sydney Myer Holdings Limited Financial Statement Analysis: 22319 Group Assignment Part 1 Macroeconomic & Industry
Analysis Macro EconomicAnalysis Worldwide economic turmoil spread in 2007 as a result of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), with its effects
continuing to be felt by many industries and economies, and particularly the retail sector. Currently, the global economy is resuming to a state of
growth, with majority of economies recovering and stabilizing well. However, the Euro–zone Sovereign Debt Crisis has provided cause for uncertainty,
affecting consumer confidence levels at a global scale. Recent figures have inspired investor confidence, with yields on government bonds returning to
pre GFC...show more content...
As such, it is imperative that Myer initiate new strategies relating to distribution and e–commerce. It is anticipated that the retail sector will face further
uncertainty in the coming years relating to volatile economic conditions as well as record high levels of consumer uncertainty. Industry Analysis:
Porter's 5 Forces 1. Rivalry between existing firms: Moderate–High Driver Degree of Driver Industry growth rate Moderate In recent times it has
become evident that department stores within the retail industry are facing significant hardships, which have resulted in lowering profits following the
GFC. This is characterised by consumer confidence and interest rates at an historic low. Thereby indicative of both global and local market uncertainty.
This is particularly an issue at the forefront of a consumer driven business, which relies heavily on consumer confidence. However, there exists
opportunities for firms within the retail sector to expand and develop through the adoption of innovative distribution platforms such as online and
omni–chanel, with industry sales expected to increase by 0.9% in the current year to total $121.1 billion. In addition to this, industry revenue is
expected to contract –3.0% in 2014, suggesting that Myer will continue to experience volatile earnings growth. Market Saturation High Over the last
decade the retail industry has become increasingly more saturated avenues. This includes: 1) Domestic competitors such
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An Introduction to Business Essay
An Introduction to Business
Business plays a major role within our society. It is a creative and competitive activity that continuously contributes to the shaping of our society. By
satisfying the needs and wants people cannot satisfy themselves, businesses improve the quality of life for people and create a higher standard of living.
It is a way for individuals to provide goods and services to consumers, and at the same time, produce a profit for themselves. Businesses are not only
important because they provide goods and services for consumers, but they also improve the economy and increase jobs for people within society
which is an additional fact producing a higher standard of living. To measure our societies standard of...show more content...
International trade deficits occur when a nation imports more then it exports. The Decline of Smokestack America is when there is a change from an
industrial to a post–industrial economy. Finally, the conservation of energy is so that there are a sufficient amount of natural resources necessary to
produce goods. General economic growth or stagnation also has an important influence on business within our society. Many factors can affect it's
condition, such as war, new inventions and technology, political assassinations, the discovery of physical and natural resources, labor negotiations,
government action, and many others. When the economy is strong and the demand is high, businesses can prosper. Regardless of how great the
economy may become, businesses still must compete with other firms for scarce raw materials and labor.
A businesses environment creates many opportunities as well as problems for prospering businesses. The environment determines what a business can
do by shaping and channeling its development. Businesses function within an environment by allowing entrepreneurs to raise capital and create profits
freely. The supply of money available within a business as well as the economic stability through times of growth and recession have strong effects on
businesses. Not only is the physical environment, including natural resources, pollution and energy as discussed previously, important, but many other

Inflexibility Of Fordism
Industrial society
'The Fordist system led to both labour market and production inflexibility, which prevented organizations from competing in increasingly fluid
markets'. Discuss the economic and workplace policies which were proposed under the broad title of 'flexibilisation', providing relevant examples.
Between 1908 and 1929, Henry ford clearly established the linkages between division of labour and mass markets. His methods of mass production
came under the title of 'Fordism'. According to Meyer (1981) Fordism 1908–1913 had four basic principles; standardised product design, extensive use
of new machine tool technology, flow line production and the implementation of Taylorism in relation...show more content...
Fordism however, did produce inflexibility in production. Ford's assembly line production system did not allow for change in the design of products.
To change a product, new machine parts had to be introduced, and this took a vast amount of worker skill and time. Porter in 1917 refers to a case
where the Ford engineers changed the appearance of the hood and fenders of the 'Model T'. Porter goes on to record that ' the first month saw
production curtailed by 50% and it was nearly three months before the entire organisation could be geared up for the stipulated work' (Porter 1917).
Porter therefore points out that even simple changes in the design of a product could halt the production line for many months at a time. It would then
perhaps require the replacement of tooling, and the rediscovery from managers and workers of the most productive way to produce the new improved
products.
Fordist production also provided large advancements in machinery. At the end of the nineteenth century most machines were still only general purpose,
and relied on the skill of the operator. But with the emergence of the automotive industry new machines were developed. New design features included
the machines being semiautomatic with special controls to change or reverse speeds. There was also advancement in being able to

The tourism industry Essay
Tourism is a major economic and social significant that has been recognized in both developed and developing countries. Tourism is the temporary
movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence. The activities undertaken during their stay in these destinations
by facilities are meant to cater the needs of the consumer. The act of traveling for pleasure is a luxury. Until recently only a restricted few had the time
and money to travel. Increasing leisure, higher incomes and greatly enhanced mobility have combined to enable more people to partake in travel.
The concept of wide–scale travel away from home is a relatively new phenomenon. In the past few people enjoyed free time, and any was usually
...show more content...
It is necessary to know what people consider a need so that we can discover how these can be fulfilled. These can include: physiological needs (ex.
hunger, thirst, sleep...), safety needs (ex. freedom from threat of danger), love/social needs (ex. feeling of belonging, affection, friendship...), esteem
needs (ex. self–respect, achievement, self confidence, reputation...), and self –actualization needs (ex. self–fulfillment and realizing one's potential).
People are motivated to travel t leave behind the personal or interpersonal problems of their environment and to obtain personal or interpersonal
rewards. The personal rewards are mainly sense of competence, challenge, learning, exploration and relaxation. The interpersonal rewards surface from
social interaction.
There has probably never been a more exciting time for the study of tourism geography than the present. Both as an industry and as a social
phenomenon, tourism is renowned for the speed and scale of change. But at the dawn of the twenty–first century, the challenges of change seem more
daunting than ever. These are especially evident in terms of globalization, the new consumer, and the democratic challenge. Globalization represents the
intensification of the linkages between places, which increasingly shape the global as well as being shaped by it. Above all it signifies the deepening of
competition in the tourism industry, as both the reach of transnational

Essay about Oil Industry
The Oil Industry: "Why Companies Are Not Getting a Fair Shake"
Within the last two years, the oil industry has increased the price of oil causing gas prices to rise to $3.00 a gallon today. It was only a few years
ago that the price of gas was $1.00 a gallon. There have been many complaints against the oil industry on price gauging and monopolizing the
industry. Oil companies are reaching sales up to $100 billion and they are seeing profits in the $10 million range. These are the facts that we receive
from the media and the government to portray a negative image on the oil industry. The oil industry does not seem to be getting their fair shake and
peoples perception from the media and government reaction have clouded the statements...show more content...
The 1980s tax caused U.S. production to decrease and rely more heavily on foreign oil. There has been a high demand for imported gasoline
because of the specifications for environmentally acceptable fuel in the U.S. "Demand for imported gasoline now exceeds one million barrels per
day." The imported oil is needed as a component for the blending process in order to meet market standards. The crude oil inventories at U.S. and
gasoline are low. Domestic crude production is operating at its maximum, and the US will have to import crude oil. This drives gasoline prices to
rise. There is a shortage of smaller, cleaner tanks which gasoline cargoes are transported causing higher tank rates which is passed on to the pumps.
Another factor that contributes to higher prices is the low levels of petroleum because of the high demand especially in Asia. Reinstating a tax like the
democrats are proposing will make the United States more dependent upon foreign oil. The residents in the south around the Gulf had economic
hardship in the 80s. Unemployment in Louisiana averaged 10.5% during the 80s compared to a little more than half that today.
Power and Politics There is a lot of political power involved in the oil industry. There are a few strategies that the politicians have played during the
last couple of

The production of oil is a multi–billion dollar industry that affects the world on many different levels including environmental and economic, and
these affects could be considered either positive or negative. Although there are many products of oil that people rely on every day, oil drilling has
long been a controversial topic. Oil spills that endanger wild life and create pollution, and wars fought over lands that contain oil have been just a few
of the damaging concerns that become heavily debated when the subject of oil is tackled. The upsides to these debates are the money it generates, the
employment opportunities, and the products created using oil such as, gasoline, concrete, plastic, and even some clothes we wear. While oil may...show
more content...
Fish, sea otters, seals, whales, clams and birds were all affected by this tragedy. Fishing was a major part of this community, so in turn the people
were affected also. This has been the largest oil spill to date, killing more animals than any other oil spill in the world. "Only 2 of the 26 species
studied by the Exxon Valdez Oil SpillTrustee Council have recovered (bald eagle and river otter). The Exxon Valdez spill killed nearly ten times as
many birds as any other U.S. or European oil spill. As many as half a million birds died. Over 30,000 carcasses of 90 species of birds were plucked
from the beaches, but this is only a fraction of the actual mortality. Harms to the birds from chronic effects and decreased reproduction continue to the
present." (Miller, 1999)
The oil spill of Valdez is as much a problem now as it was 20 years ago. Even after two decades, people and animals are still suffering from the
effects of an oil tanker spilling its cargo into the waters surrounding Alaska. "Much of the oil has been cleaned up or has biodegraded, but some of it
still lingers. An estimated 21,000 gallons out of the 11 million that spilled (still remains) and the biodegradation process has actually slowed." (Fowler,
2010) Because of the loss of fish life, fishermen of the community took loans in order to make it though their daily lives. They in turn sued Exxon for
the negligence that landed them in this situation. Due to the lengthy court and

Essay on The Tourism Industry
The Tourism Industry
Tourism is regarded as one of the most efficient, organised and marketed commodities in the world. Accounting for more than $655 billion of global
income per year and 70 million jobs worldwide, the tourism industry has become the largest in the world; exceeding the oil and car industries.The
World Trade Organisation definition oftourism is activities that require travel from home and staying away from home for at least 24 hours. It not
only includes holidays (although they do account for 70% of all journeys), but business trips or visiting friends or relatives.
The tourism industry can be separated into two different categories. These are international tourism, where a...show more content...
In addition, as more tourists enter the country, more money is earned through tourist spending, which can be used for further development. For
example, the 27.8 million overseas visitors who came to the UK in 2004 spent over ВЈ13 billion (which was a 12% increase in the number of visitors
compared with 2003, and a 10% increase in spending).
Britain was the first European country to industrialise by 1800 and the industrial society was the first society to offer time for leisure to a growing
number of people. Initially this did not apply to the working masses, but rather to factory owners and traders. These comprised the new middle class.
The British origin of the tourism industry is reflected in many place names. For example, in Nice, one of the first and best established holiday resorts
on the French Riviera, the long boulevard along the seafront is known as the 'Promenade des Anglais'.
Tourism did not spread to LEDCs or NICs, such as those in South America and South East Asia, until the 1980s due to the lower living standards and
lower rate of economic development. However, as countries in these regions, such as Brazil, Singapore and Malaysia, are beginning to industrialise,
living standards are increasing. For example, in 1995 GDP per capita in Brazil was $6150

Industrial Engineering Essay
Technical Drawing Related Career Report
Industrial Engineers serve as a bridge between management and operations. They combine their solid engineering background with good business
sense and management ability. They figure out the best use of facilities, equipment and people for the most cost efficient and productive way to make
or process a product. Industrial Engineers concentrate on improving manufacturing productivity and reducing costs associated with inventory. They
are also concerned with worker safety and work environment.
In order to be any engineer, you must love math, science and solving problems. Whether it's figuring out how to erect a structurally sound...show more
content...
Engineers have a hand in all phases of development, from idea conception, design and development, implementation and testing to customer support.
Industrial engineers have many responsibilities; one is to increasing productivity through their management skill. With there skill they manage people,
methods of business organization, and technology than are engineers in other specialties. They generally work more with products or processes.
Another responsibilit of Industrial Engineers are the understanding of ergonomics and consider how the machines and work environment affect the
worker. They must attack the problem by breaking it down into small, independent parts. They design workstations to reduce fatigue and prevent
discomfort and work related injuries. They check the fit of chairs, the placement of equipment,
Industrial Engineers depend upon many resources, such as computers, CAD/CAM (computer–aided design and computer–aided manufacturing) and
computer simulation to figure out the best methods for production, distribution, equipment, and transportation. They may also be responsible for
quality control and inventory. They consider handling and storage of incoming material, and set inventory size, as well as packaging and shipping
methods. Industrial Engineers must have good people and commutation skill. They spend much of their time asking questions. They

Airline Industry Essay
Today one of the world's most competitive and prominent industries is the airlines industry. They generate huge amounts of income as well as
employment. Some of the common names in US air travel service providers are Alaska, Northwest, Southwest, US airways, American etc.
According to the latest statistics given by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), theairline sector will post a profit of $9 billion in 2011.
Business travel is increasing and even the airlines are now investing again.
Political/Legal influences
Over the years airlines have undergone large–scale privatization, as a significant portion of it used to be government–owned. Privatizing it has led to
drastic increase in the number of air service providers...show more content...
In United Kingdom when the government imposed high taxes on the aviation industry, the number of cargo operators reduced (My–Efficient–Planet,
2010).
At the same place governments tend to support aviation industry by building airports, roads and hotels near airports. In addition governments tend to
arrange security at the airport to ensure safe journey. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 had negative implications for the industry. All the
airlines changed their routes, marketing tactics and prices. They also tried to reduce the fear and negative image that got associated with airlines.
Governments have imposed strict security checks on air travel passengers in order to avoid any unforeseen terrorist activity.
Economic forces
The growth of airline industry in any country is directly proportional to the GDP growth of that country. The demand of the aviation industry is based
on the elasticity of demand and the current market condition. (InnovativeThinker, 2007)
Fuel is one of the basic requirements for the airline industry to remain operational. Fuel price increases negatively influence airlines in multiple ways,
firstly an increase in oil price raise the costs for companies; secondly it creates supply shock and reduced the GDP growth thus reduces the airline
demand.
Hiking fuel prices have increased the costs of

Essay On Tourism Industry
Tourism is an industry that contributes to the world economy. In fact, some countries' economies derive most of their revenues from tourism. The
increase in individual income and the promotion of different countries of their attractions have caused the industry to grow. Its growth is also fueled by
the ease of transportation as more and more hard–to–reach destinations have constructed airports for easier access. With airports, tourists find it
possible to reach far–flung areas and enjoy the beauty of the local places. Those who come from cold places would seek warmer locations in the same
or different continent. The Northern Europeans, for instance, would go to the nations in the south, like Spain and Italy, to take advantage of the warmer
...show more content...
It is important that each destination should retain its charms in order to keep the tourist industry booming. Another important factor to keep tourism
alive is that of accessibility. Areas that become damaged or inaccessible lose their charm, causing tourists to seek other unspoilt or reachable
destinations. With climate change, the beauty of the local destinations is threatened while accessibility too can become a problem especially when
airports, roads and bridges are destroyed during extreme weather disturbances. The different impact of climate changes on the tourism industry will be
discussed in the succeeding sections.
(i) Coral Bleaching: Affects Scuba Diving Tourists
Scuba diving is one of the most popular activities that encourages the growth of tourism. Areas with extensive and diverse coral reefs would attract
visitors from different countries to explore the wonders of the underwater world. However, climate changes in recent years have caused damage to
the oceans and the reefs. In the Philippines, a country that is blessed with various diving sites, the warming of the sea especially from the El Nino
phenomenon resulted to what is known as coral bleaching. Coral bleaching results to the death of about 49% of live coral. Moreover, the higher
amount of dissolved CO2 means that corals, mollusks and shells are also destroyed in the process (Ocean Heritage Philippines 2009). Without these
organisms and creatures underwater, the diving

Apparel Industry Essay
Apparel Industry
INDUSTRY: APPAREL RETAILERS
INTRODUCTION
Retailers in the apparel industry are primarily engaged in the distribution, merchandising, and sale of men's, women's, and/or children's clothing to
consumers. Apparel retailers include department stores, mass merchandisers, specialty stores, national chains, discount and off–price stores, outlets,
and mail–order companies. A relatively new development is the rise of electronic forms ofretailing such as interactive TV and on–line shopping
services. Some retailers who sell their own private labels go beyond their traditional role as distributors and become directly involved in the design and
production of garments from manufacturers and contractors.
SIC CODES RELATED...show more content...
They constantly question everything, though even the best companies make merchandising mistakes. But the leaders in this industry know how to
rectify their mistakes. Recently, the apparel industry hasn't been doing all that well. During the 2nd Quarter of 2000, apparel sales have tapered off for
several reasons. Increasing interest rates have slowed the U.S. economy, consumers have built up their stock of most clothing items, and there has been
a lack of exciting new fashions on the market
INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT
Distribution Channels
As discussed earlier, apparel retailers include department stores, mass merchandisers, specialty stores, national chains, discount and off–price stores,
outlets, mail–order companies, and online sales. Department stores were once–and some still are– perceived as the apparel leaders, but these stores in
reality only sell about nine percent of the garments consumers buy annually. Meanwhile specialty stores like Old Navy, The Gap, and Abercrombie &
Fitch have about a 13 percent apparel unit share. Mid–tier retailers like Sears, JCPenny and Kohl's have a 14 percent unit share. According to NPD, a
market research company, catalog companies represent almost 10% of apparel retail sales through direct mail. Consumers have less time to shop and
thus, catalog purchasing offers a time–saving convenience for straight re–buy purchases. The internet represents approximately $6.5 million of
e–commerce purchases, but only represents 0.6% of total

Service Industry : An Industry Essay
2.1 Service industry Service industry is an industry that creates services. In economy, economic activity are divided into two categories which are
goods and services. Goods–producing industries provide tangible object namely mining, manufacturing, agriculture, and construction. Service
industries include other activities apart from goods–producing industries such as wholesale, retail trade, banking and communications. In developed
countries service industry plays an important role in the economy while primary activities, for example, agriculture and mining are dominant in
less–developed countries' economy. (The Editors of EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica, 2015.) Since the beginning of the 1990s, service industry has created
enormous growth of employment in Europe especially in commerce and distribution, welfare services, finance and business services and hotels and
catering. In the early 21st century, more than three–fifths of the global GDP are generated from service industries and more than one–third of the labor
force worldwide are working in this industry. (The Editors of EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica, 2015).It can be seen that service has gradually become a
crucial element in the success of organizations. The emergence of electronic business opens opportunity to the world and intensifies competition in
markets. Consequently, there is a need for service reliability. Technology has a huge impact on service revolution. At present, service are commoditized
providing efficiency and

Essay on Meat Industry
The meat industry today is not what it was nearly a century ago. While improvements are thought to have been made, an ever changing society has
brought upon new problems that have been piled on to the previously existing ones. While these problems are not like those found in The Jungle, they
do parallel how by exposing what is going on in the meat industry; new regulations would be the answer to the noted problems. The increased demand
for meat has made it a rushed mutated production instead of a means to raise livestock for consumers. Taking into consideration the demand for cheap
meat that will be used for in quick and high demanded products such as frozen and fast food, this demand of meat has greatly skyrocketed. Animals
whose sole...show more content...
This is even more so if the hormones that were used to modify the meat for production have side effects that are passed down via this new food chain.
If anything the regulations that the animals will get will end up being a regulation for humans too. It is something that is needed for health regulations
not only of humans but of the animals that are in the business. The grounds for this argument are the horrible conditions that animals are faced with
that include medical modifications, hormone and antibiotic injections, animals receive, and the why conditions in which they are stored to grow up in
affect the output product. Along with the bad things that come from the lack of strong enough regulations the point of organic meat will help support
the main claim by showing how that kind of meat is more beneficial. The main opposition to the core of this argument would come from the
vegetarian standpoint. Knocking everything down from the meat, that would be the vegetarian point of view. This opposition will highlight the
vegetarian diet and show the downsides of meat based on the quality of both diets. The conditions in which meat livestock live in is not exactly that
of a large open green field in which they are free to roam and be merry. In the Economist article, Cows down: The beef business (2008) the effects of
the ill conditions cows talks of how a

Essay on The Automotive Industry
Automobiles are very important in today's society. They are a means of transportation and also luxury. The automotive industry is a 904 billion dollar
industry.(Franco) Automobiles are everywhere and have been on every continent, they assist us in traversing long distances of land; road or no road.
The designs of automobiles vary from manufacturer to manufacturer as well as their country of origin, and what country the said automobile is being
sold to. There are also many different styles of automobiles and different countries, or areas tend to have a favorite automobile. The biggest problem
with the majority of today's automobiles is that they burn fossil fuels and we will eventually use up all of our fossil fuels and will need to...show more
content...
Today's standard automobile has an internal– combustion engine in the front and is front wheel drive. A automobile in this format is known as FF
layout in the industry. The first "F" stands for front and designating the engine position while, the second "F" also stands for front and designates the
drive wheels. An "R" can replace the "F" to stand for Rear, a "4" can also be used in front of the letter to designate all wheel drive. Another layout
"FMR" designates front, mid–engine, rear wheel drive. There is also a broad range of body styles that an automobile can come in including: Cabriolet,
Convertible, Fastback, Limousine, Microcar, Mid–size car, Pony car, Sport compact, Supercar, and Touring car. Body styles are not limited to these;
there are many other designs that have not been mentioned. The internal–combustion engine is the most commonly used propulsion system; there are
many different sizes of engines to use. Today's standard cars have an I4, or inline 4 cylinder engine. These engines are generally between one and
three liters in size, but can be bigger or smaller. A liter is used to measure the volume in the combustion chamber of the engine. These are the main parts
that help to define what an automobile is.
Not all automobiles are created equal, though there are many similarities between automobiles; while they each have their own differences they are all
essentially the same. The main parts of an

Retail Industry Essay Examples

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Retail Industry Essay Examples