An effective resume is a self-marketing tool that summarizes a person's employable skills and experience at a glance. It focuses the interviewer's attention on an individual's strongest qualifications and presents them in a positive light. There are two main types of resumes - chronological and functional. A chronological resume lists all work history in reverse date order, while a functional resume only highlights skills relevant to the target job. Both include basic contact information and descriptions of experience, though they present it differently.