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Responding to Regional Conflicts:
How Good are SADC’s Reflexes
for Peacekeeping?
A paper presented at the Southern African Centre for
Collaboration on Peace and Security Conference on
‘Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement in Southern Africa,’
Chrismar Hotel, Lusaka,
21-23 September 2012
George Abel Mhango,
Mzuzu University
Outline of Presentation
• Context of Peacekeeping in SADC
• Potential for Peacekeeping in SADC
• Practice of Peacekeeping within SADC
• Conclusion
Background
• UN recognizes the role of sub-regional organizations in
conflict resolution on the basis of their comparative
advantage and also for burden sharing purposes.
• Since its establishment, SADC has experienced conflict
situations which have put the organization’s response
mechanisms to the test.
• In most cases a collective approach to peacekeeping has
been rare. (eg Lesotho and DRC)
Potential for Peacekeeping
• The formation of a SADC Brigade in 2007 – A
contingent of the African Standby Force
• Designed to be a 6000 strong contingent equipped
with inter alia, a brigade HQ, 4 infantry formations,
reconnaissance & engineering capabilities.
• As of 2009 it had undergone two successful
readiness exercises (MAPEX and CPX) and one field
training (Golfinho) involving 8000 soldiers
• Brigade was expected to be ready for deployment by
2010.
AU’s Assessment of SADC Brigade
in 2009
Framework Documents Done
Memorandum of
understanding
Done
PLANELM Done
Brigade HQ Not Done
Pledged Units Done
Civilian Component On-going
Centre of Excellence Done
Standby roster On-going
Practice of Peacekeeping
• The Politics of Capacity – The slowness in
operationalizing the SADC brigade which was
expected to be ready by 2010. (financial Constraints -
Pro -donors vs Anti-donor camps)
• Absence of Joint training doctrines that can address
the military, police and civilian aspects of the Brigade
• DRC remains the biggest flop of SADC peacekeeping
ambitions (A thorn in the flesh).
• Dismal showing reflects a bigger problem - the lack
of consensus on the level of integration suitable for
the region. Lack of normative congruence.
What ‘Burden Sharing’ Implies for SADC’s
Response to Peacekeeping
• SADC must avail resources for purposes of
peacekeeping (A huge challenge given SADC’s
perennial cry for financial resources. May impede on
the operationalization of the SADC brigade).
• There must be demonstrable political commitment
by SADC heads of states. (Calls for a proactive
Summit that is able to decide on peacekeeping.
Further calls for a common approach)
Conclusion
• The commitment of peacekeeping by SADC
remains a the level of rhetoric as long as its
‘standby’ force cannot respond to manifest
violent conflict in the region.
• Without political commitment at summit level
to respond, the administrative aspects of
peacekeeping will not translate into a
meaningful outcome.

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Responding to Regional Conflicts: How Good are SADC´s Reflexes for Peacekeeping - George Abel Mhango - Mzuzu University - 2012 Conference: Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement (September 2012 - Lusaka, Zambia)

  • 1. Responding to Regional Conflicts: How Good are SADC’s Reflexes for Peacekeeping? A paper presented at the Southern African Centre for Collaboration on Peace and Security Conference on ‘Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement in Southern Africa,’ Chrismar Hotel, Lusaka, 21-23 September 2012 George Abel Mhango, Mzuzu University
  • 2. Outline of Presentation • Context of Peacekeeping in SADC • Potential for Peacekeeping in SADC • Practice of Peacekeeping within SADC • Conclusion
  • 3. Background • UN recognizes the role of sub-regional organizations in conflict resolution on the basis of their comparative advantage and also for burden sharing purposes. • Since its establishment, SADC has experienced conflict situations which have put the organization’s response mechanisms to the test. • In most cases a collective approach to peacekeeping has been rare. (eg Lesotho and DRC)
  • 4. Potential for Peacekeeping • The formation of a SADC Brigade in 2007 – A contingent of the African Standby Force • Designed to be a 6000 strong contingent equipped with inter alia, a brigade HQ, 4 infantry formations, reconnaissance & engineering capabilities. • As of 2009 it had undergone two successful readiness exercises (MAPEX and CPX) and one field training (Golfinho) involving 8000 soldiers • Brigade was expected to be ready for deployment by 2010.
  • 5. AU’s Assessment of SADC Brigade in 2009 Framework Documents Done Memorandum of understanding Done PLANELM Done Brigade HQ Not Done Pledged Units Done Civilian Component On-going Centre of Excellence Done Standby roster On-going
  • 6. Practice of Peacekeeping • The Politics of Capacity – The slowness in operationalizing the SADC brigade which was expected to be ready by 2010. (financial Constraints - Pro -donors vs Anti-donor camps) • Absence of Joint training doctrines that can address the military, police and civilian aspects of the Brigade • DRC remains the biggest flop of SADC peacekeeping ambitions (A thorn in the flesh). • Dismal showing reflects a bigger problem - the lack of consensus on the level of integration suitable for the region. Lack of normative congruence.
  • 7. What ‘Burden Sharing’ Implies for SADC’s Response to Peacekeeping • SADC must avail resources for purposes of peacekeeping (A huge challenge given SADC’s perennial cry for financial resources. May impede on the operationalization of the SADC brigade). • There must be demonstrable political commitment by SADC heads of states. (Calls for a proactive Summit that is able to decide on peacekeeping. Further calls for a common approach)
  • 8. Conclusion • The commitment of peacekeeping by SADC remains a the level of rhetoric as long as its ‘standby’ force cannot respond to manifest violent conflict in the region. • Without political commitment at summit level to respond, the administrative aspects of peacekeeping will not translate into a meaningful outcome.