The document discusses the U.S. Army's strategy for force modernization in a fiscally constrained environment. It outlines the need to modernize forces to adapt to changing geopolitical threats and aging equipment while facing budget cuts. The Army's vision is to create optimized combat units by 2025 that are more expeditionary, tailored, and globally responsive. This will require developing new sustainment concepts like Globally Responsive Sustainment to ensure the future sustainment system is optimized, integrated, and affordable despite constraints.

1. FORCE MODERNIZATION IN
A FISCALLY CONSTRAINED
ENVIRONMENT
A Leadership Professional Development (LPD) forum on
the ongoing DOD strategy to create the Military of the
future, discussed from a U.S Army Sustainment viewpoint.
By CPT Kei C. Cooper

2. AGENDA
 Discussion Point 1:
 Why Force Modernization
 How Force Modernization options are decided
 Current Fiscal constraints
 Discussion Point 2:
 Vision Force 2025
 Globally Responsive Sustainment (BN & Below)
 Conclusion

3. DISCUSSION POINT
 How important is a Force Modernization strategy right now ?

4. WHY FORCE MODERNIZATION
 The Modernization Of U.S Military Forces is an Ongoing process and
one that will continue into the near future and beyond. The reasons for
this include;
 Ever changing Geo Political environments.
 Major Systems reaching end of their lifetime
 Technological advancements
 Budget Constraints

5. DETERMINING WHAT FORCE
MODERNIZATION OPTIONS TO EXECUTE
 Attempt to make explicit, the values associated with possible outcomes
of . (apply numerical values to analyses and decisions)
 Introduce a common set of metrics to judge the contribution of the
alternative force packages in improving the outcome value
 Reflect on the threat posed by the forces and actions of adversaries and
how to counter them

6. (FISCAL CONSTRAINTS)
 Downward pressure on the entire U.S. budget is driving decreases in the defense topline:
 • Mandatory spending and interest payments are projected to consume the entirety of the U.S. budget
by 2036 if current trends continue.
 • In response to U.S. budget pressures, Congress passed the Budget Control Act (BCA) to reduce
discretionary spending. The BCA enacted two rounds of defense cuts:
 • $487B reduction from FY12-FY21 to comply with BCA budget caps
 • $492B additional reduction from FY13-FY21 in event of sequestration
 • A January 2013 fiscal cliff agreement delayed the threat of sequestration until March 2013, but even a
future deal to lift sequestration would still likely involve defense budget cuts:

7. NUMBERS TO SPARK YOUR INTEREST
 For 2013, DoD requested $346 billion for operations and support (O&S), which is simply the sum
of personnel and Operations &Maintenance.
 The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that despite end strength reductions of five
percent, O&S costs will rise to $373 billion in 2017
 O&M costs per service member increased from $55,000 to $105,000 between 1980 and 2001. The
CBO projects it will be $161,000 in 2016
 The main drivers of this cost growth are military compensation and health care. Military healthcare
costs rose over 170 percent from 2001-2012, from $19 billion to $53 billion.
 In 2013, CSIS also estimated that in order to maintain the traditional budget figure of 32 percent
for modernization, an additional 455,000 active duty troops will need to be cut.

8. WHAT DOES THE ARMY DO ?
 Seize, retain and exploit the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in
sustained land operations in order to create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. (Unified
Land Operations ADP 3-0)
 The Army’s challenge: To meet the demands of the future strategic environment in alignment with its
strategic vision and priorities, the Army must make the BCT and enablers leaner while retaining
capability, prevent overmatch through 2025, and set the conditions for fundamental change by 2030-
40.

9. THE US ARMY'S MISSIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO JOINT OPERATIONS
 The 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review identified eleven enduring Armed Forces missions in which the Army plays
a substantial role:
 • Provide for military defense of the homeland.
 • Defeat an adversary.
 • Provide a global stabilizing presence.
 • Combat terrorism.
 • Counter weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
 • Deny an adversary's objectives.
 • Respond to crisis and conduct limited contingency operations.
 • Conduct military engagement and security cooperation.
 • Conduct stability and counterinsurgency operations.
 • Provide support to civil authorities.
 • Conduct humanitarian assistance and disaster response.

10. DISCUSSION POINT
 Understanding the current operating environments the U.S Army finds itself and ever
changing and emerging Geo- Political landscape, do you believe the future of the U.S
Army should be tailored to technologically driven concepts ? Or should the current
concepts emerging technology.

11.  Win In A Complex World

12. (VISION FORCE 2025)

13. (FORCE DESIGN)
 • Optimized combat units (BCT 2025)
 • Increased Army expeditionary capability
 • More effectively mission tailored, regionally aligned, and globally responsive
 • More expeditionary force that has retained capability
 • Able to provide flexible joint task force-capable headquarters HQs
 • Forces are capable of joint entry operations
 • Defense of the homeland (CBRN) and counter-proliferation capabilities maintained
 • Ability to counter anti-access and area denial improved
The Army’s challenge: To meet the demands of the future strategic environment in alignment with its strategic vision
and priorities, the Army must make the BCT and enablers leaner while retaining capability, prevent overmatch through
2025, and set the conditions for fundamental change by 2030-40. (AVF 2025)
Tradoc Commander Explains the Future Army Operating Concept

15. GLOBALLY RESPONSIVE SUSTAINMENT
Globally Responsive Sustainment seeks to ensure that the future sustainment system is optimized, integrated, and
synchronized, thereby ensuring that it is affordable, relevant, and avoids unnecessary redundancy. Globally
Responsive Sustainment must be capable of executing the nine key sustainment tasks in the future environment. To
be capable of doing this, sustainment must possess a range of attributes that shape the development of the future
sustainment force.

17. HOW DO WE GET THERE (BIG IDEAS)
 Producing creative and adaptive leaders and Soldiers.
 Enabled mission command and training for sustainment forces.
 Institutional Army, operating force and strategic partner integration.
 Special operating forces (SOF) and conventional forces (CF) integration.
 Effective integration of Ready RC.
 Maintenance of a viable industrial base capability and capacity.
 Integration of Army into Joint Logistics Capabilities.
 Maintain a globally deployable, expeditionary Army.
 Enabled rapid global response through pre-positioned stocks, smarter positioning of deliver assets
and the development of rapid expeditionary basing.
 Further development of a sustainment information system.
 Exploitation of sustainment capabilities to support shaping operations.
 Improve sustainment precision through the exploitation of technology.

18. SUMMARIZING POINTS
 Future operations require a sustainment information system that provides
visibility from the strategic level to the tactical level consumer.
 The future sustainment information system must provide greater
forecasting abilities as well as provide greater feedback to the end
consumer (demand satisfaction/status).
 Joint processes and systems must be developed (with the information
system) to provide interoperability, responsiveness and flexibility between
the services.
 Sustainment requires protected communications and information
systems.

19. CONCLUDING DISCUSSION POINTS
 What will force reduction in a physically constrained environment could
mean for everyday missions?
 What do I do with this information now that I have a slightly better
understanding?