The document outlines the key concepts of research, defining its purpose as a systematic search for knowledge that follows logical steps. It categorizes research into types such as basic and applied, descriptive and analytical, and qualitative and quantitative, each serving different purposes and methodologies. Additionally, it highlights characteristics of research and includes feedback on an academic writing course, emphasizing its interactive nature and quality content.

1. Name of Course: Academic Writing
Name: Mirza Irshad Baig Mirza Sadik Baig
Application: ID:3c5df77de8b411e99123139732a3ccad
Mail ID:mirza.839@gmail.com
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
1

2. Research is Not :
• Accidental Discovery
• Data collection: Gathering information from resources
such books or magazines isn’t research.
• No contribution to new knowledge.
• the transportation of facts: Merely transporting facts
from one resource to another doesn’t constitute research.
Although this might make existing knowledge more
accessible
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
2

3. MEANING OF RESEARCH
Research in general refers to….
1. A search for knowledge.
2.Research is an art of scientific investigation.
3. Simple answer to complex problem
4. A scientific and systematic search for relevant information on a
specific topic.
5.Research is a movement, a movement from the known to the
unknown.
6.It is a the systematic process of collecting and analyzing
information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the
phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested.
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
3

4. Research is systematic
Because it follows certain steps that are logical in
order. These steps are:
1.Understanding the nature of problem to be studied
and identifying the related area of knowledge.
2. Reviewing literature to understand how others
have approached or dealt with the problem.
3.Collecting data in an organized and controlled
manner so as to arrive at valid decisions.
4. Analyzing data appropriate to the problem.
5. Drawing conclusions and making generalizations.
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
4

5. Types of Research
Basic Research
(pure or Fundamental Research)
Basic research mainly concern with
generalization and formulation of
new theory and Hypothesis.
 It is a type of research which is
driven purely by curiosity and a
desire to expand our knowledge.
 Many times the end results have no
direct or immediate commercial
benefits. However, in the long term
it is the basis for many commercial
products and applied research.
Ex: What is the specific genetic code of
the fruit fly?
Applied Research
Applied research aims to
finding a immediate solution to
specific problem facing by
society.
This is for technology
advancement
Application of concept
• Ex: Improve the energy
efficiency of homes, offices, or
modes of transportation
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
5

6. Find which of the following case
belongs to Basic or Applied.
 Treat or cure a specific disease.
 How did the universe begin?
 What are protons, neutrons, and electrons
composed of?
 Improve agricultural crop production.
 Improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices,
or modes of transportation.
(Applied)
(Basic)
(Applied)
(Applied)
(Basic)
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
6

7. Types of Research
Descriptive Research
(Ex post facto research)/
Case study research
• The purpose is to present facts and
information about specific situation to
ascertain whether any general theories
may arise out of it.
• As it is used to describe and not make
any conclusions it is to start the research
with it.
• The main characteristic of this method is
that the researcher has no control over
the variables; he can only report what
has happened or what is happening.
• Results of this research can change over
the period of time.
• It includes survey, fact findings etc.
• Ex: Examining the educational condition
of muslim youth in last 10 year
Analytical Research
• The purpose is to compare,
analyze and evaluate something
for conclusion.
• The researcher has to use facts
or information already
available, and analyze these to
make a critical evaluation of the
material.
• it is primarily concerned with
testing hypothesis and
specifying and interpreting
relationships, by analyzing the
facts or information already
available.
• Ex: Examining the why and
how; educational condition
of muslim youth drops down
in last 10 year
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
7

8. Find which of the following case
belongs to Descriptive or Analytical.
Finding the most frequent disease that affects the
children of a town. The reader of the research will know
what to do to prevent that disease thus, more people will
live a healthy life.
Effect of Tsunami on daily life of people
Student of Management pursue research on customer
likes and dislikes about a product.
Research on a company’s Financial performance over
long times (Analytical)
(Descriptive)
(Descriptive)
(Descriptive)
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
8

9. Types of Research
QuaNtitative Research
Data oriented research
• It is an investigation of
phenomena by gathering
gathering quantifiable data and
performing statistical,
mathematical or computational
techniques to get inference.
• In this data is generated through
online questionnaires, online
polls, feedbacks etc.
• Generally used in social science
research.
• Ex: Why US is developed country
than india.
Qualitative Research
• it is an in depth approach. It is a
study of what along with why
• It is research dealing with
phenomena that are difficult or
impossible to quantify
mathematically, such as beliefs
,meanings, attributes etc.
• It is used to gain an
understanding reasons, opinions
and motivations through
interviews, discussion and
feedbacks
• Ex: Why customer preferring mall
than local store to purchase the
things10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
9

10. Find which of the following case belongs
to Quantitative or Qualitative .
The amount of time doctor takes to tend to patient when
patient walks in to the hospital.
Why X college has more girls admission than boys
admission.
(Quantitative)
(Qualitative )
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
10

11. Types of Research
Conceptual RESEARCH
In this research is conducted
by observing and analyzing
already present information
on given topic.
Does not involve any
practical experiments. It is
related to some abstract
idea(s) or theory.
• It is generally used by
philosophers and thinkers to
develop new concepts or to
reinterpret existing ones.
Ex: Dual nature of light
Empirical Research
It is the research where
conclusion of the study
strictly drawn from
evidences.
It is a methodology that
tests a given hypothesis
through observation and
experimentation.
Ex: offering a Namaz will
boost your personality
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
11

12. Find which of the following case
belongs to Conceptual or Empirical .
Sir Issac Newton observe surrounding to conceptualize
and developed the theory of gravitation
Theory of Relativity.
• Listening to happy music while working may promote to
creativity??
(Conceptual )
(Empirical )
(Conceptual )
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
12

13. Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical: Conclusion must be drawn from
observation and Experiences.
2. Systematic: Procedure undertaken for Research is
follow logical order.
3. Cyclical: Research is a cyclical process because it
starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical
procedures in gathering the data so that no error in
their interpretation.
5. Critical: Research exhibits careful and precise
judgment.
6. Methodical: Research is conducted in a methodical
manner without bias using systematic method and
procedures.
7. Replicability: There search design and procedures
are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to
arrive at valid and conclusive results.
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
13

14. Steps involved in Research
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
14

15. Criteria of Selection of Broad topic
• Researcher personal interest and Curiosity
• Social Importance
• Commercial importance
• Technical importance
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
15

16. Feedback about Academic Writing
course
• Highly interactive course.
• Sufficient Assignment to grasp the concept.
• High Quality contents.
• Meet with my the expectations.
• Recommending all academician to go through
this course once.
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
16

17. Acknowledgement
I am very much thankful to the UGC Academic
writing course. This course has successfully
explain all the traits of good academic writing.
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
17

18. Some terms related in research
• Google Scholar
• Researchgate
• Scopus
• Books- art of scientific writing
• citation
• h index
• I 10 index
10/31/2019
"CC BY-SA-NC"
Mirza Irshad Baig
18