English Literature

1. Navigating the World of Research: A Guide to Different
Methodologies
Research and Writing
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2. Details
Name: Aamena Rangwala
Roll no:- 1
Enrollment no:- 4069206420210028
Batch:- 2021-23
Email id:- aamenarangwala51@gmail.com
Subject:- Research Methodology
Paper:- 209
Submitted to:-Department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar
University

3. Table of Content
Introduction Definition of Research
&Methodology
Types of Research
Methodology
Historical Research,
conceptual Research,
Applied Research,
Analytical Research
Conclusion Work Cited

4. Definition of Research
According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and redefining
problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested, solutions, collecting, organizing
and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusions, and at last
carefully listing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated
hypothesis. (Woody 172)
According to Merriam Webster Dictionary studious inquiry or examination
especially investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new
facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws.(Merriam-
Webster)
Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain
new knowledge.” (L.v.Redman)

5. Definition of Methodology
According to ‘The American Heritage Dictionary’ A body of practices,
procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline or engage in an
inquiry; a set of working methods .(The American Heritage Dictionary)
According to ‘Merrier Webster Dictionary’ a body of methods, rules,
and postulates employed by a discipline : a particular procedure or set of
procedures.(Merriam Webster)

6. Types of Research

7. Fundamental and Basic Research Method
Basic research is an investigation of basic principles and reasons for the
occurrence of a particular event, process, or phenomenon. It is also called
theoretical research. Study or investigation of some natural phenomenon or
relating to pure science are termed as basic research.
For example, basic science investigations probe for answers to questions s
How did the universe begins?
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of?

8. Descriptive Research
Descriptive research is a type of research that describes a population,
situation, or phenomenon that is being studied .Descriptive research includes
surveys and fact findings enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of
descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as it exists at
present.(Kumar)
Example:- The prevalence and characteristics of anxiety disorders among
children in a certain community. The study may involve conducting
interviews or surveys with parents and teachers to collect information about
the symptoms and behaviours of children who may be experiencing anxiety.
The researchers could then analyse the data to determine the frequency and
severity of anxiety in this popopulation.And this findings could be used to
inform the development of interventions and treatment programs to address
anxiety in children.

9. Analytical Research
Analytical research is a specific type of research that involves critical
thinking skills and the evaluation of facts and information relative to the
research being conducted. A variety of people including students, doctors and
psychologists use analytical research during studies to find the most relevant
information.(Kumar)
Example:- Analytical research could be a study that seeks to understand the.
factors that influence consumer behaviour in the purchase of organic food.

10. Applied Research
Applied research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve
practical problems. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday
problems, cure illness, and develop innovative technologies, rather than to acquire
knowledge for knowledge's sake.(Kumar)
For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to:
Improve agricultural crop production
Treat or cure a specific disease

11. Qualitative Research
Quantitative research is based on numbers. The data collection and results
are recorded and presented in numerical data, tables, and graphs. It is
conclusive. Qualitative research used the below-given methods:
Questionnaires,Online surveys ,Polls etc.
Quantitative research involves more people, and more people means more
data. With a huge quantity of data to analyse, more accurate results can be
obtained.
Overall, qualitative research provides a rich understanding of people's
experiences, attitudes, and behaviours. It is useful in a wide range of
fields, including healthcare, education, psychology, and social
sciences.(Kumar)

12. Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is
applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
Quantitative research is commonly used in fields such as psychology,
sociology, economics, and education to study various phenomena, such as
attitudes, behaviours, and social trends. It is a rigorous and systematic approach
that allows researchers to draw conclusions based on empirical evidence and
statistical analysis.(Kumar)

13. Conceptual Research
Conceptual research is that related to some abstract ideas or theory. It is generally
used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing
ones. Conceptual research doesn’t involve conducting any practical
experiments.(Kumar)
For example :-Exploring the concept of postmodernism in literature. The researcher
will conduct a literature review. And then will analyse the key characteristics of
postmodern literature, such as fragmentation, intertextuality, and irony, and identify
how they have evolved over time. Based on the analysis, the researcher will develop
a conceptual framework that outlines the key elements of postmodern literature and
how they differ.

14. Empirical Research
Empirical research is a type of research that is based on observed and measured
phenomena, rather than relying on theory or pure logic. It involves collecting data
through various methods such as experiments, surveys, observations, and case
studies, and then analysing and interpreting that data to draw conclusions or test
hypotheses.(Kumar)
Empirical research can be used in various fields, including social sciences, natural
sciences, engineering, and healthcare etc.

15. Historical research is a critical evaluates and examinations of past events
developments and experiences. A historical investigator, also like other
investigators, collects data, evaluates the data for validity and interprets the
data.(Kumar)
For example investigation into the history and impact of the caste system. The
researcher would collect and analyse primary sources such as religious texts,
historical documents, and oral histories to gain insight into the origins and
evolution of the caste system in India. They would also consult secondary
sources such as academic literature and scholarly articles, analyzing the
different interpretations and arguments made about the caste system.
Historical Research

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18. Work Cited
Kumar, C Rajesh. Research Methodology. APH Publishing Corporation, 2008.
L.v. Redman, and A.v.h. Mory “The Romance of Research : Mory, A.V.H. .” Internet Archive, 1 Jan.
1970, archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.59410/mode/1up.
“Methodology. ”Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/methodology. Accessed 8 Mar. 2023.
"Methodology". The American Heritage Dictionary. HarperCollins.
“Research.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster,
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/research. Accessed 8 Mar. 2023.
Woody, Clifford. "The Values of Educational Research to the Classroom Teacher." The Journal of
Educational Research, vol. 16, no. 3, 1927, pp. 172-178. Taylor & Francis, doi:
10.1080/00220671.1927.10879779.

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