1. RESEARCH ON
INNOVATION
DIFFUSION
Prof SURESHKUMAR.S
CHIEF SCIENTIST AND ADVISER,CSIR-
NIIST,TVM

2. ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SOCIAL CHANGE
 THERE IS GENERAL AWARENESS OF
IMPORTANCE OF INNOVATION AND
DIFFUSION IN PRODUCTS,PROCESSES
 AND FORMS OF ECONOMIC
ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT

3. INNOVATION DIFFUSION
IMPACT
 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS
 TECHNOCULTURAL EFFECTS
 POLICY AND ECOSYSTEM EFFECTS

4. ECONOMIC AND SOC EFFECTS
 IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT AND
GROWTH
 BUSINESS ORGANISATION

5. MARKET AND INDUSTRIAL
 CHANGES IN PATTERNS OF
CONSUMPTION
 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

6. HUMAN
 IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION
REQUIREMENT
 HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

7. POLICY EFFECTS
 DEMAND FOR NEW PUBLIC POLICIES
 ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR
GROWTH IMPETUS

8. ECOSYSTEM EFECTS
 DEMAND FOR MORE INNOVATION
AND
 BETTER INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM

9. IMPACT OF MICROELECTRONICS,
BIOTECHNOLOGY,NANOMATERILS
AND ICT ARE DIFFERENT
BUT RAISE NORMATIVE ISSUES
IMPORTANT FOR ECOSYSTEM FOR
INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION IN
GENERAL

10. MICROELECTRONICS
 MICROELECTRONICS [ME]
CHARACTERISED BY
 LARGE COMPANIES FOR RADICAL
RESEARCH
 GROWTH OF SMALL FIRMS BY DIFFUSION
AND FURTHER INNOVATION

11. BIOTECHNOLOGY
 GROWTH OF NTBF-NEW TECH BASED
FIRMS SIGNIFICANT
 INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION IN SMALL
FIRMS
 LARGE FIRMS FLOATING NTBF

12. ICT
 ROLE OF PUBLIC FUNDED RESEARCH
 ALLIANCES WITH LARGE FIRMS
 INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION THRU
SMALL AND LARGE FIRMS

13. NANOMATERIALS-NETWORKS
 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
 NIS
 PPP
 TRIPLE HELIX
 NTBF
 RESEARCH NETWORKS

14. NORMATIVE ISSUES
 GENERAL ASPECTS
 IMPORTANT FOR INNOVATION AND
DIFUSION DYNAMICS ACROSS SECTORS

15. -INNOVATION AND
DIFFUSION IS LINKED TO
COMPETITIVENESS

16. CRUCIAL CONCERN
 -ADOPTING AND ADAPTING
 TECHNOLOGICAL AND
ORGANISATIONAL INNOVATIONS

17. RELATED ECOSYSTEM ISSUES
• ECONOMIC
• TECHNO-HUMAN/SOCIAL
• CULTURAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURES WHICH
FAVOUR OR HAMPER DIFFUSION AND
INTRODUCTIOM
• THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CONTEXT FOR
INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION

18. ECONOMIC
• APPROPRIATING ECONOMIC
BENEFITS FROM INNOVATIONS
• RELATED TO IPR ISSUES
• TRIPS AND INDIAN PATENT ACTS

19. TECHNO-SOCIAL
• RELATION BETWEEN NEW
TECHNOLOGY AND
• LABOUR PROCESSES
• HUMAN ASPECTS AND SOCIAL
ORGANISATION IN FIRMS

20. ORGANISATIONAL ASPECTS
• FORMAL AND INFORMAL
STRUCTURES
• SMALL GROUP DYNAMICS
• INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
• HRM ISSUES

21. J.SCHUMPETER-DISTINCTION BETWEEN
INNOVATION,INVENTION AND DIFFUSION
 INVENTION-FIRST DEVELOPEMNT OF A NEW
ARTIFACT OR PROCESS
 INNOVATION-ENTAILS ECONOMIC
APPLICATION
 DIFFUSION-DESCRIBES ITS INTRODUCTION
BY BUYERS OR COMPETITORS

22. PRACTICAL PARADIGM
 ECONOMICAL BEHAVIOUR
 TECHNICAL BEHAVIOUR
 INDUSTRIAL BEHAVIOUR
 ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

23. ECONOMICAL BEHAVIOUR
 ECONOMICALLY MINDED
RESEARCH
ESTABLISHMENTS
INTRODUCE INVENTION AS
AN INNOVATION FROM
START

24. TECHNICAL BEHAVIOUR
 DIFFUSION ENTAILS
FURTHER INNOVATION ON
THE PART OF THE
DEVELOPER AND USER

25. INDUSTRIAL BEHAVIOUR
 INVENTION SUGGEST
POTENTIAL FOR
TECHNOL.PROGRESS AND
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH

26. ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
 INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION
HINT AT ECON./SOC/ORGAN
INCENTIVES AND
 IMPEDIMENTS TO THE
INCORPORATION OF TECHNOL
ADVANCES INTO
ECO.PRODUCTS/PROCESSES

27. TECHNOLOGY AS
INFORMATION
 ARROW ANALYSED TECHNOLOGY AS
INFORMATION
 STARTED THE AREA OF ECONOMICS
OF R AND D

28. ARROW---MAIN POINTS
 CHARACTERISED BY PUBLIC GOOD
FEATURES
 POTENTIAL TO BE TRANSMITTED
AND REUSED REPEATEDLY

29. PROPERTY OF INNOVATION
 STIGLITZ WORK
 ON ECONOMICS OF IMPERFECT
INFORMATION
 UNCERTAINTY AND INTANGIBLE
 ECONOMICS OF TANGIBLES DIFFERS

30. STIGLITZ—MAIN POINTS
 NOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EITHER
GIVEN OR
 ARE SUBJECT TO THE EXOGENOUS
DYNAMICS OF SCIENTIFIC
DISCOVERIES

31. AGENCY EFFECTS
 INFLUENCES ACTUAL EXPLOITATION
 AFFECTED BY FACTORS CAUSING
IMPERFECT INFORMATION

32. FACTORS AFFECTING
EXPLOITATION
 INCENTIVE STRUCTURE
 FORMS OF MARKET COMPETITION
AND
 PAST AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON
WHICH AGENTS CAN DRAW UPON

33. INFORMATION VS.PRIOR
KNOWLEDGE
 NELSON AND WINTER,DOSI,PAVITT
ETC.
 ADOPTED AN APPROACH BASED ON
SHARP DOMAIN DISTINCTION
 BETWEEN INFORMATION AND PRIOR
KNOWLEDGE

34. COGNITIVE ASPECTS
 PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AS AN ELUSIVE
SET OF
 COGNITIVE STRUCTURE,SEARCH
RULES,TACIT CAPABILTIES
 GUIDING INVENTIVE ACTIVITIES

35. HEURISTIC ASPECTS
 RATES AND DIRECTIONS OF
ACTIVITY SHAPED AND LIMITED BY
 SKILLS AND HEURISTICS OF THE
SEARCHING AGENTS,
 THEIR PAST EXPERIENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE

36. TECHNOLOGY
TRAJECTORIES
• CONCEPTUALISE PROCEDURES
AND DIRECTIONS OF
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES
• IN TERMS OF TECHNOLOGY
PARADIGMS AND
TRAJECTORIES[DOSI]

37. RADICAL
VS.INCREMENTAL
• PARADIGM SHIFTS-
KONDRATIEFF WAVES
• PATH DEPENDENCIES AND
EVELOPMENT TRAJECTORIES

38. PRIVATE VS.PUBLIC
• THE EMPRICAL
UNDERSTANDING OF
• BALANCE BETWEEN PRIVATE
AND PUBLIC ASPECTS OF
TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE

39. DYNAMICS OF
KNOWLEDGE
• NEW OPPORTUNITIES
GENERATED IN
• UNIVERSITIES/PRO[PUBLIC
RESEARCH ORGAN] AND
• WITHIN BUSINESS SECTOR IN
PRIVATE R&D [NELSON]

40. INCENTIVES
 ECONOMICALLY MOTIVATED AGENTS
 UNDERTAKE RISKS AND COSTS OF
INNOVATION

41. RETURN ON INVESTMENT
 APPROPRIABILTY CONDITIONS AND
 DIFFERENTIAL ECONOMIC RETURNS
FROM INNOVATION[LEVIN]

42. MARKET STRUCTURES
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
 MARKET STRUCTURES AND
 INCENTIVES TO
INNOVATE[DASGUPTA

43. PATH DEPENDENCY
 HISTORY COUNTS
 PAST TECHNOLOGICAL ACHIEVEMENTS
INFLUENCE FUTURE ONES

44. MODELS
 DEVELOPMENT OF PATH DEPENDENT
MODELS[ARTHUR AND DAVID]
 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND THEORETICAL
MODELLING[ROSENBERG]

45. NATURE OF INNOVATION
 UNFOLDS THE DETERMINANTS AND
NATURE OF
 INNOVATION AND INVENTION,
 DRIVING FORCES,
 PATTERNS OF INNOVATION DIFFUSION

46. DIFFUSION STUDIES
 SOCIOLOGY STUDIES ON ADOPTION
OF RURAL/AGRI INNOVATIONS
 DIFFUSION OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS
LIKE FOR HEALTH
CARE,EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

47. GEOGRAPHICAL AND
EMPIRICAL ASPECTS
 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY STUDIES ON
INNOVATION DIFFUSION IN ITS
SPATIAL DIMENSION[ROGERS]
 DIFUSION OF INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSES [MANSFIELD]AND
 SURVEYS[METCALFE/STONEMAN]

48. DIFFUSION KINETICS
 TECHNICAL
 ECONOMIC
 SECTORAL

49. TECH FEATURE
 DIFFUSION KINETICS DEPEND ON
THE FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGIES
BEING ADOPTED
 AND/OR SUBSTITUTED

50. ECONOMIC-INCENTIVE
 KINETICS DEPEND ON
 THE INCENTIVES THAT ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT PROVIDES FOR
ADOPTION

51. AGENCY EFFECTS
 ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
WOULD BE ADOPTERS
 ADOPTERS VS.INNOVATORS-BASS

52. INDUSTRIAL-SECTORAL
 INTERFIRM
 INTERINDUSTRY
 ,REGIONAL
 INTERTECHNOLOGY
 VARIANCE IN SPEED OF DIFFUSION
[MANSFIELD AND NASBETH]

53. DIFFUSION PATTERN STUDIES
 SUMMARY FINDINGS RELATED TO
LOGISTICS[ORIGINATION,LINKAGES
AND MECHANISMS]
 TEMPORALITY AND
 VARIANCES

54. PACE AND TEMPORALITY
 SLOW AND TAKES TIME AND WIDE
VARIATIONS IN THE RATES OF
ACCEPTANCE
 S SHAPED DIFFUSION CURVES-
PRECISE FORM VARIES ACROSS
INNOVATIONS-A TIME DEPENDENT
PROCESS

55. LOGISTICS AND VARIANCE
 PARTICULAR DIFFUSION PATTERNS
DETERMINED BY HOW THE SEQUENCE OF
ADOPTION GOES FORWARD AND WHAT
INFLUENCES IT
 DIFFERENCES IN PATTERNS OF
INNOVATION DIFFUSION AND HOW THE
INNOVATION HAS ORIGINATED AND
WHAT IS ITS INFLUENCE ON ADOPTION

56. EMERGING PARADIGM
 NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM
 INTERNATIONALISATION OF
RESEARCH
 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
 TRIPLE HELIX OF RESEARCH GOVT
AND INDUSTRY
 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES

57. PUBLIC FUNDED
RESEARCH
• PRO IS COMING BACK TO THE
CENTRE STAGE ABROAD
• PARADIGM SHIFTS VS
INCREMENTAL INNOVATION
• A NEW PATTERN OF GOVT
FUNDING BASED ON
FORESIGHT STUDIES

58. PUBLIC FUNDED RESEARCH AND
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT-CSIR
• CONCEPTS LIKE TRIPLE HELIX
• NATIONAL INNOVATION
SYSTEM
• PUBLIC PRIVATE
PARTNERSHIPS
• RESEARCH NETWORKS
• STRATEGIC ALLIANCES

59. DIFFUSION MODELS
 LINEAR MODEL
 SCIENCE PUSH MARKET PULL
MODELS
 ENDOGENOUS CAPACITY MODEL
 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY PARADIGM
 ALTERNATE RESEARCH AGENDA

60. THANK YOU