The document describes a research study that analyzed how educational attainment and age affect self-esteem. Data was collected from 350 respondents on attributes like mastery, life satisfaction, optimism, and stress levels. The study tested whether self-esteem is impacted by level of education attained and age. ANOVA tests found that educational attainment did not significantly improve total self-esteem. However, an independent samples t-test determined that age does significantly impact self-esteem, with older individuals having higher self-esteem than younger ones.

1. RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
STUDY ON IMPACT OF
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND
AGE ON SELF-ESTEEM: SPSS
ANALYSIS

2. SYNOPSIS
 The data set contains information from 350 respondents on
various attributes.
 Different parameters of evaluation are:
i. Mastery scale
ii. Life satisfaction scale
iii. Optimism level
iv. Self-esteem
v. Perceives stress level
vi. Positive, Negative attitude etc.
 The respondents age range from 18-82.
The two major research questions that we have are –
1. Whether self-esteem of a person is affected by the level of education
attainment?
2. Whether self-esteem level of a person is affected by the age?

3. Research Question 1:
Does educational
attainment improve
self-esteem?

4. We first formulated the hypothesis.
H0: µS1 = µS2=µS3=µS3=µS4=µS4=µS5=µS6
Average mean of self-esteem of people at all the level of
education is equal.
H1: Any of the above means are not equal
Average mean of self-esteem of people at any educational level is
not equal.
There are 6 education levels which are given to us:
µS1= Mean self-esteem at Primary education level
µS2= Mean self-esteem at some Secondary
µS3= Mean self-esteem of completed high school
µS4= Mean self-esteem of some additional training
µS5= Mean self-esteem of completed undergraduate
µS6= Mean self-esteem of completed postgraduation

5. RESULTS
ANOVA
tslfest2
Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig.
Between
Groups
223.927 5 44.785 1.635 .150
Within
Groups
9370.311 342 27.399
Total 9594.239 347
 We can see that significance level is 0.150.
 Mean squares between the groups 44.785 and mean
squares within the groups is 27.399. F- value is 1.635.
 Tukey post hoc test is generally the preferred test for
conducting post hoc tests on a one-way ANOVA.

6. ANALYSIS
 From the ANOVA table, the hypothesis is that there is no
significant difference among different educational attainment
levels on self-esteem is tested.
 Since, the significant value is 0.150 > 0.05, hence the null
hypothesis (Ho) is NOT REJECTED at 5% level of significance.
It means there is no significant difference among these 6 levels
of educational attainments w.r.t the total self-esteem.
 Since the mean squares between the groups is more than the
mean square within the groups (F-value>1), it shows that the
grouping is done right.

7. After conducting the research and
analysing the data using ANOVA test,
the conclusion drawn is that
educational attainment does not
improve the total self-esteem.
CONCLUSION

8. Research Question 2:
Does self-esteem vary
significantly between
younger and older age
groups?

9. From this research we want to analyse if there is any relation
between the age of a person and their self-esteem.
We first formulated the hypothesis.
H0: µSY = µSO
Average mean of self-esteem of young people is equal to
Average mean of self-esteem of old people
H1: µSY ≠ µSO
Average mean of self-esteem of young people is not equal to
Average mean of self-esteem of old people

10. RESULTS
 Under the Levene’s test, significance value is 0.418.
 Value of 2 tailed significance is 0.020.

11. ANALYSIS
 Referring to Levene’s table, since the value of significance is
0.418, which is greater than 0.05, so we can assume equal
variances.
 From the table of Independent Samples Test, we can see that p
value/ significance is .02 which is way too small than the
assumed value of alpha i.e., 0.05. Therefore, our H0 WILL BE
REJECTED.
 Also, Row 1 show the value of t to be 2.342 which tells us that
self-esteem depends significantly on the age of a person. This
negative sign tells us that people in the older age group have
more self-esteem than people in the younger age category.

12. After carrying out the research, we
can say that Yes, the age of a person
does determine the self-esteem
levels of a person.
CONCLUSION

13. THANKS
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