1) The document discusses the history of hydrological and meteorological activities in Serbia dating back to ancient times. 2) It describes the establishment of the first systematic observations and organizations like the Meteorological Observatory in Belgrade in 1887. 3) The Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia was established in 1947 and is responsible for meteorological and hydrological monitoring and forecasting in the country.

1. Dragoljub Miljojković, Msc civil eng.
Ivana Miljojković, Master civil eng. -
Scholar from the Ministry of Education and Science
Sofia 13.07.2012.

2.  Hydrological measurements and observations
existed in ancient times, i.e. at the time it was
recorded the first major works in ancient Rome
(the Roman section of the waterway Iron Gates -
Sip, Trajan's bridge under Kladovo, etc..).
Тази публикация е направена с подкрепата на Европейския съюз,
чрез Програмата за трансгранично сътрудничество CCI No 2007CB16IPO006.
Съдържанието на публикацията е отговорност единствено на НИС при СУ “Св. Климент Охридски”
и по никакъв начин не трябва да се възприема като израз на становището на Европейския съюз
или на Управляващия орган на Програмата.

3. 2. STARTING WITH HYDROLOGICAL AND
METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
•Meteorological activity started on 1st January 1848. -
Mr. Vladimir Jaksic (1824-1892), a Professor at Belgrade
University (then Big School) introduced the first
meteorological observations in Belgrade.
•”Science of Atmosphere and Atmospheric Changes and
their Effects on Plants” by Mr. Vladimir Jovanovic (1863.)

4. 2. STARTING WITH HYDROLOGICAL AND
METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
•Meteorological Observatory Belgrade (1887.) by
Professor Milan Nedeljkovic (1857-1950).
•Milutin Milankovic (1879-1958), a Professor at
Belgrade University, member of the Serbian Academy
of Science and Arts and its life-long president,
synthesized his scientific work and published his
famous Astronomic Theory on the Earth’s Climate
Change in the book ”Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und
Seine Anwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem” in 1941.

5. 2. STARTING WITH HYDROLOGICAL AND
METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
•The first systematic hydrological observations (in
Serbia -1812) - the first water measuring station near
Petrovaradin – Novi Sad, on the right bank of the
Danube.
•The Republic Hydrometeorological Service
of Serbia (RHMSS) and Federal Hydrometeorological
Service of former Yugoslavia were established in
1947.

6. 2. STARTING WITH HYDROLOGICAL AND
METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
•Federal Hydrometeorological Service of the former
Yugoslavia was closed on 1 April 2003.
• Its functions was taken over by the Republic
Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Serbia
(RHMSS).
•RHMSS fulfils the international obligations of the
Republic of Serbia in the field of meteorology and
hydrology and actively participates in various programs
and projects of the World Meteorological Organisation
(WMO) and other relevant international organisations.

7. 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
•The legal framework and main field of responsibility
of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of
Serbia (RHMSS), as a special organisation within the
state administration of the Republic of Serbia, has
been regulated by the Law on State Administration
(”Official Gazette of RS”, No. 79/05, 101/07 and
95/10) and the Law on Ministries (”Official Gazette of
RS”, No. 16/11).

8. 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
•Besides the above-mentioned laws, RHMSS are
regulated by the Law on Water (”Official Gazette of
RS”, No. 30/10), the Law on Air Navigation,
(”Official Gazette of RS”, No. 73/10); the Law on
Environment Protection (”Official Gazette of RS”,
No. 36/09), the Law on Emergency Situations
(”Official Gazette of RS”, No. 111/10), the Law on
Planning and Construction (”Official Gazette of RS”,
No. 47/03, 72/09), the Law on State Survey and
Cadastre (”Official Gazette of RS”, No. 72/09 and
18/10),

9. 4. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL EARLY
WARNING SYSTEM
Preventive protection of human lives and property.
The hydro-meteorological early warning and alert
system consists of:
• State meteorological and hydrological
observation system,
• Computer-telecommunications system,
• Analytical-forecasting system.

10. 5. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM AND DATA
•Meteorological observatories,
•Synoptic stations,
•Radiosonde stations,
•Meteorological radar centers,
•Airport meteorological stations,
•Climatological stations,
•Agrometeorological stations,
•Precipitation stations,
•Phenological stations.

11. 5. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM AND DATA
•In the framework of the state network of
meteorological stations there is a network of
meteorological observatories in
Belgrade,
Nis and
Novi Sad.

12. 5. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM AND DATA
Operational stations are:
•36 principal meteorological stations (PMS) where
programs of hourly synoptic, climatological
and agrometeorological observations are carried out,
•97 stations where programs of ordinary
climatological observations are carried out
•558 where programs of precipitation observations
are carried out and
•52 phenological observation stations

13. 5. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM AND DATA
•At PMS measurements and observations are carried
out non-stop, 24 hours a day, and the respective
reports are submitted to the telecommunication centre
of RHMSS in Belgrade every hour or more often if
necessary, in the form of SYNOP codes.
• At ordinary climatological stations measurements are
performed three times a day and the related reports
are submitted once a month.
•At precipitation stations measurements are daily and
reports are monthly.

14. 5. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM AND DATA
The state network of meteorological stations also
includes
•28 automatic meteorological stations (АМS) and
•4 automatic land humidity measurement stations
at PMS,
•6 АМS at airports, АМS in Kosutnjak, Pancevo
and
•2 АМS at surface pits Termoelectric Power Plant
Kolubara A and B.
In Belgrade there are 20 automatic rain gauges
within the city network.

15. 6. METEOROLOGICAL ANNUAL
Meteorological Annual is made on the basis of
climatological measurements and observations of
the meteorological stations in three terms, at 07, 14
and 21 of local time. Mean daily air temperatures :

16. 6. METEOROLOGICAL ANNUAL
Mean daily values concerning pressure,
relative humidity and water vapour saturation:

17. 6. METEOROLOGICAL ANNUAL
Maximum and minimum air temperature is read out
at 21 and recorded for that day.
Daily precipitation amounts consider the period of 24
hours, starting at 07am on the previous day till 07am
on the current day, when they are registered.
Snow cover depth is measured at 07am.
Besides monthly and annual values registered at 99
measuring points at the territory of Serbia,
the annual includes also the
daily measurements at 6 stations:
Belgrade, Novi Sad, Vranje, Zlatibor, Loznica and
Niš.

18. 6. METEOROLOGICAL ANNUAL
Climatological observations were performed at 99
stations on the territory of Serbia in 2010.
Climatological data include the measurements and
observations at 07, 14 and 21. Observations include
51 meteorological events and measurements of
12 meteorological elements.

19. LIST OF CLIMATE STATIONS IN THE BASIN OF THE
RIVER NIŠAVA
No station status N width length period of
work
3855 NIS GL 204 43 º 20 ’ 21 º 54 ’ 1947-2010
3961 BELA PALANKA OB 291 43 º 13 ’ 22 º 19 ’ 1962-2010
3963 PIROT OB 370 43 º 09 ’ 22 º 36 ’ 1947-2010
3974 DIMITROVGRAD GL 450 43 º 01 ’ 22 º 45 ’ 1947-2010
GL - principal meteorological station
OB - ordinary meteorological station
N - altitude

24. 7. STATE HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM
On the territory of the Republic of Serbia,
programs of continuous hydrological
measurements and observations of surface
and ground water are performed in the
framework of the state hydrological
observation system consisting of:
•hydrological local stations;
•hydrological surface water stations;
•hydrological ground water stations.

25. 7. STATE HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM
The state network includes 6 hydrological regional
centers, 216 surface water stations (65 with
regular reporting) and 439 ground water stations.

26. 7. STATE HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION
SYSTEM
From 216 surface water stations, 129 hydrological
stations are equipped with continual water level
recording instruments (limnigraphs), 51 analogous
limnigraphs and 78 digital limnigraphs.
Water level is monitored in the real time at 55
hydrological stations.
The hydrological observation system of ground
water consists 18 principal stations, 176 first order
stations and 245 second order stations

29. State network of hydrological surface
water stations in the basin of river Južna Morava

30. State network of precipitation stations in the Nisava river
basin
no
PRECIPITATION STATION altitude latitude longitude Basin
1
DONJI RINJ 735 43 17 22 18 Nišava
2
GLOGOVAC 310 43 15 22 12 Nišava
3
BAZOVIK 710 43 18 22 28 Nišava
4
TOPLI DO 700 43 20 22 41 Nišava
5
KALETINAC 660 43 09 22 09 Nišava
6
ČIFLIK 335 43 13 22 24 Nišava
7
BLATO 490 43 09 22 31 Nišava
8
DOJKINCI 880 43 14 22 47 Nišava
9
VISOČKA RŽANA 700 43 10 22 49 Nišava
10
KAMENICA (DIMITROVG.) 750 43 08 22 54 Nišava
11
SUKOVO 475 43 03 22 39 Nišava
12
VLASI 485 43 00 22 38 Nišava
13
KRUPAC 405 43 07 22 41 Nišava
14
695 43 06 22 49 Nišava
15
SMILOVCI 680 43 05 22 51 Nišava
16
KLISURA 800 42 45 22 25 Nišava

31. 8. APPLIED HYDROLOGY
Includes the activities of RHMSS related to preparation
and archiving official hydrological data and
information, analysis of the elements of surface and
ground water balance, analysis of spatial/temporal
of low, medium and maximum discharges and drafting
expert opinions in the procedure of issue of water
management conditions, spatial and urban planning
and issue of hydrological conditions.

32. 8. APPLIED HYDROLOGY
Hydrological database represents an information
platform for comprehensive storage of all official
hydrological data and information from the territory
of the Republic of Serbia and consists of the surface
water subsystem and ground water subsystem. The
existing database was improved in the framework
of the RHMSS project “Hydrological Forecasting
System for Small and Medium Basins in Serbia” in
cooperation with the NVE – Norwegian Water
Resources and Energy Directorate (the WISKI
hydrological system).

33. 9. ANALYSES OF THE ELEMENTS OF
WATER BALANCE
Include monitoring annual elements of surface and
ground water balance and control of calculations for
use in review of the regime of surface and ground
water in the Republic of Serbia.

34. 10. ANALYSIS OF LOW, MEDIUM
AND MAXIMUM FLOW
As the key factor of the discharge regime is an
important hydrological activity at RHMSS. These
analyses contribute to the development of
methods for standardization of the calculation of
hydrological parameters for use in design,
construction and exploitation of hydro-technical,
water management, electric power and other
systems and facilities.

35. 10. ANALYSIS OF LOW, MEDIUM
AND MAXIMUM FLOW
Also, they contribute to the development of
mathematical models rainfall-runoff and to
application of new methods in modeling regimes
of surface and ground water, especially outside
the hydrological station profile and in the basins
without or with scarce hydrological observations.

36. Map of average specific discharges in Serbia

38. 10. ANALYSIS OF LOW, MEDIUM
AND MAXIMUM FLOW
DIMITROVGRAD
Maximum flows in the opinion of RHMSS Belgrade,
(no. of 92-I-1-1/2006-22 24.03.2006.)
Nisava River:
Q1% = 158 m3/s
Q2% water = 123 m3/s
Q5% = 85.9 m3/s
Qsr = 1.80 m3/s

39. NIS – data about characteristical flows are taken from RHMSS
number 92-I-1-10/2005-22 from 20.01.2005., given for this
documentation.
R IVER NIŠ A V A
Q0,1% Q1% Q10%
Return period(year) 1000 100 10
Flow (m3/s) 1300 930 560

40. ANEX 1: METEOROLOGICAL ANNALS FOR PERIOD
1949-2010 IN ELECTRONIC FORM.
There are no meteorological yearbooks for period
1980-1989. The content of the Meteorological Yearbook
are daily values ​for the following stations Belgrade,
Zlatibor, Novi Sad, Vranje and Nis and Loznica and
monthly values ​for all 99 meteorological stations in
alphabetical order.

41. ANEX 2:
PRECIPITATION DATA FOR TOTAL 16
PRECIPITATION STATION ON RIVER BASIN
NIŠAVA.
THESE ITEMS INCLUDE DAILY MAXIMUM OF
RAINFALL ANNUALLY, AND ANNUAL RAINFALL
FOR THE PERIOD 1946-2006 (2010)
(ELECTRONIC VERSION).

42. number
PRECIPITATION STATION altitude latitude longitude Basin
1
GORNJI MATEJEVAC 360 43 22 21 59 Nišava
2
RAUTOVO 415 43 17 22 03 Nišava
3
DONJI RINJ 735 43 17 22 18 Nišava
4
GLOGOVAC 310 43 15 22 12 Nišava
5
BAZOVIK 710 43 18 22 28 Nišava
6
TOPLI DO 700 43 20 22 41 Nišava
7
KALETINAC 660 43 09 22 09 Nišava
8
ČIFLIK 335 43 13 22 24 Nišava
9
BLATO 490 43 09 22 31 Nišava
10
DOJKINCI 880 43 14 22 47 Nišava
11
VISOČKA RŽANA 700 43 10 22 49 Nišava
12
KAMENICA (DIMITROVG.) 750 43 08 22 54 Nišava
13
SUKOVO 475 43 03 22 39 Nišava
14
VLASI 485 43 00 22 38 Nišava
15
KRUPAC 405 43 07 22 41 Nišava
16
GULENOVCI 695 43 06 22 49 Nišava
17
SMILOVCI 680 43 05 22 51 Nišava
18
KLISURA 800 42 45 22 25 Nišava

43. ANEX 3: HYDROLOGICAL DATA FOR 11
HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS ON NIŠAVA RIVER
BASIN (ELECTRONIC VERSION).
STATION
23. DIMITROVGRAD
24. PIROT
25. BELA PALANKA
26. NIŠ
27. MRTVINE
28. STRAZIMIROVCI
29. TRNSKI ODOROVCI
30. STANIĈENJE
31. RADIKINA BARA
32. BRAĆEVCI
33. VISOĈKA RŽANA

44. 23 DIMITROVGRAD

45. STATION DIMITROVGRAD
RIVER NIŠAVA
South Morava river
ESTABLISHED 1959
ELEVATION "0" (masl.) 440.40
DISTANCES From the mouth (km) 138.06
BASIN AREA (km2) 482
ELEMENTS measurement and observation
Mode of water stage recording:
of lath (years): 1959
limnigraf from (year): 1963
digital recording of (years): -
flow measurement from (year): 1961
measuring the water temperature from (year): 1964
transport of suspended sediment from (year): 1964
occurrence of ice (in years): 1959
Testing of water quality (in years): 1965

46. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Тази публикация е направена с подкрепата на Европейския съюз,
чрез Програмата за трансгранично сътрудничество CCI No 2007CB16IPO006.
Съдържанието на публикацията е отговорност единствено на НИС при СУ “Св. Климент Охридски”
и по никакъв начин не трябва да се възприема като израз на становището на Европейския съюз
или на Управляващия орган на Програмата.